Viscous Fluid Behavior in Engineering Applications
Viscous Fluids
Viscous Fluids
•
Viscosity is how engineers measure the resistance of
fluids when being deformed:
τ=
μ
(du/dy)
•
The less viscous the fluid, the greater its ease of movement.
•
Viscosity is useful for calculating the force needed to move a
fluid. For example, in these industries:
•
petroleum
•
printing
•
food and beverages
Measuring Viscosity:
Rheometer
Fluid Behavior:
Newtonian
•
Newtonian identified by
•
linear behavior
•
constant viscosity that is
independent of velocity
•
Slope is defined as the
viscosity
•
Examples:
•
water
•
gasoline
•
most gases
Fluid Behavior:
shear thinning
•
Shear thinning identified
by: viscosity decreases as
velocity increases
•
Scientists do not fully
understand what causes
this phenomenon
•
Examples:
•
ketchup
•
whipped cream
•
paint
•
motor oil
Fluid Behavior:
shear thickening
•
Shear thickening
identified by: viscosity
increases as velocity
increases
•
Due to closely packed
particles that are
combined with enough
fluid to fill the space
between them
•
Examples:
•
body armor
•
viscous coupling unit
(traction control)
•
cornstarch
Fluid Behavior:
Bingham plastic
•
Bingham plastic behaves
as a solid at low stresses,
but flows as a viscous
fluid at high stresses
•
Due to particles in
material having weak
bonds that can be broken,
allowing material to flow.
Yet, when stress is gone,
the bonds form again.
•
Example:
•
toothpaste
Viscous Fluids Presentation (pptx)
Viscous Fluids lesson at TeachEngineering.org
Viscosity is a crucial property in fluid mechanics, impacting how fluids deform and move. Engineers measure viscosity using factors like resistance to deformation and fluid behavior classifications such as Newtonian, shear thinning, shear thickening, and Bingham plastic. This knowledge is essential in various industries like petroleum, printing, and food processing.
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Presentation Transcript
Viscous Fluids Viscosity is how engineers measure the resistance of fluids when being deformed: = (du/dy) The less viscous the fluid, the greater its ease of movement. Viscosity is useful for calculating the force needed to move a fluid. For example, in these industries: petroleum printing food and beverages
Fluid Behavior: Newtonian Newtonian identified by linear behavior constant viscosity that is independent of velocity Slope is defined as the viscosity Examples: water gasoline most gases
Fluid Behavior: shear thinning Shear thinning identified by: viscosity decreases as velocity increases Scientists do not fully understand what causes this phenomenon Examples: ketchup whipped cream paint motor oil
Fluid Behavior: shear thickening Shear thickening identified by: viscosity increases as velocity increases Due to closely packed particles that are combined with enough fluid to fill the space between them Examples: body armor viscous coupling unit (traction control) cornstarch
Fluid Behavior: Bingham plastic Bingham plastic behaves as a solid at low stresses, but flows as a viscous fluid at high stresses Due to particles in material having weak bonds that can be broken, allowing material to flow. Yet, when stress is gone, the bonds form again. Example: toothpaste
