Understanding Safety, Risk, and Development in Educational Environments
Explore topics such as safety, risk assessment, ecology, sustainable development, and system flaws through examples like the Therac-25 machine and educational laptops. Learn about the connection between socio-technical systems, values, and the MIT laptops designed for children in developing nations.
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Presentation Transcript
Jeopardy Hosted by Dr. William J. Frey
Educational Laptops Bus and Nat Env Therac-25 Safety and Risk 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500
What is safety? A thing s risks are fully known and judged acceptable in light of accepted value principals. Row 1, Col 1
What are the MIT latops? These laptops are designed for use by children in developing nations. 1,2
What is ecology? The study of how living things plants and animals interact with one another in the Earth s unified natural system, or ecosystem. 1,3
What is ETCC or the East Texas Cancer Center? The Therac-25 machine at this institution was put back into operation on April 7, 1986. Four days later, another patient com- plained of burns. 1,4
What is a risk assessment? The scientific and exact process of determining the degree of risk. 2,1
What is one way Socio-Technical Systems embody values? Physical surroundings (like a classroom) enable or instrument certain kinds of actions while they block or constrain other kinds. 2,2
What is sustainable development? Development that meets the needs of the present [generation] without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 2,3
What was the central flaw in the design of the software controls developed for the Therac-25 machine? A race condition produced demands which exceeded the memory and processing capacities of the computer controls. 2,4
What is the Risk Perception? How people view risk depends on its voluntariness, the control they have over it, certain dread, and unknown factors, and the benefits they expect from it. 3,1
What is Edgewood Decision of 1967? This court decision found the state of Texas guilty of inequitable education funding. 3,2
What is set forth by the notion of limited carrying capacity? In this view, the world s resource base, the air, soil, minerals, and so forth, is essentially finite, or bounded. 3,3
What are three new features offered by the Therac-25 units over the previous 20 and 6 models? Double pass electron accelerator, dual mode, and more computer control. 3,4
What is risk? The potential that something unwanted and harmful may occur. 4,1
What is were advantages cited for the Texas Laptop project? Laptops allow for digitalizing textbooks, graduating computer-literate students, and solving the digital-divide. 4,2
What is the ecological footprint? This term refers to the amount of land and water a human population needs to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb its wastes, given prevailing technology. 4,3
What is the lack of communication between stakeholders on the operational history of the Therac-25 unit? This presented a serious obstacle to identifying and solving the central problem in the Therac-25 Case. 4,4
What, according to the Belmont Report, is informed consent? Subjects, to the degree that they are capable, [should] be given the opportunity to choose what shall or shall not happen to them. 5,1
What is exporting harm? Instead of properly disposing of spent laptop and desktop computers, many so-called re- cycling companies send these parts to developing nations where valuable metals are mined and the other parts carelessly cast into dumps, irrigation canals, and rivers. 5,2
What is electronic waste? Three hundred million of these become obsolete every year, making this the fastest-growing part of the waste stream. 5,3
What are monitoring machine status, accepting treatment input, and setting up machine for treatment? New responsibilities delegated to the software controls in the Therac-25 model. 5,4
