Understanding PICO Statements for Evidence-Based Practice Projects
Learn how to define PICO and create purpose statements for EBP projects. Discover the components of a PICO statement (Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) and how to form a clinical question using PICO. Explore examples and guidelines for developing effective PICO questions to guide research and decision-making in healthcare.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. Download presentation by click this link. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
PICO & Purpose Statements Hawai i State Center for Nursing 2016 Sally Kamai RN BSN MBA-HCM Thanks to: Debra Mark, PhD, RN Marita Titler, PhD, RN, FAAN 1
Objectives Define PICO State one purpose of a PICO statement Write a PICO statement for your EBP Project Use your PICO statement to write the clinical question or purpose statement for EBP Project 2
What is your Burning Question ? Form a PICO Question 3
Define PICO Patient, Population or Problem Intervention or Treatment Comparison Group Outcome 5
P = Patient, Population, Problem o Patient o Disease or health status o Specific as possible-Type II Diabetes Mellitus o Population o Characteristics- Age, gender, educational status o Particular Setting,-inpatient, outpatient, nursing home, community o Primary Problem o Length of Stay o Readmissions 6
I = Interventions What you plan to do Medication Procedure Diagnostic test May be unknown Most influenced by literature search Which educational methods promote compliance in adult male patients with DM? Do you have an I yet? Should you? Don t rush the I 7
C = Comparison Groups Alternative intervention Placebo Standard care (current practice) What is your C ? Example : Is chicken soup as effective as bed rest in treating a cold? 8
O = Outcomes Focus on important outcomes only What you plan to accomplish, improve, affect What data is needed for decision-making? Benefits Harms Costs Can use words like relieve, reduce, prevent, improve Avoid outcomes that are of little or no importance Use data to show change whenever possible 9
The Many Purposes of PICO Clarifies project scope Keeps the project focused! Identifies keywords for literature search Basis for clinical question and/or purpose statement Elevator speech Saves time 11
PICO Practice Mariko Scenario 5 year old Asian-American female child in office for Acute Otitis Media. Sometimes these infections go away on their own and sometimes they seem to need antibiotics. Mother wonders if ABX really necessary. P I C O 12
PICO Practice Project to reduce falls caused by getting up to bathroom without assistance on a med-surg unit Project to decrease incidence of delirium in an adult ICU Project to increase early recognition of signs and sx of deterioration in patients on a tele unit Project to decrease level of stress in staff on a Burn Unit 13
PICO to Clinical Questions and Purpose Statements 14
Hints A clinical question is not a research question Intervention is informed by the evidence Intervention component may (will) need to be refined following critique of the evidence Be specific enough to make the project manageable and focused 15
PICO Clinical Question P: Lack of communication between RNs and NAs on inpatient floors I: Formalized RN to NA report process O: Increased RN/NA communication and satisfaction with report process to lead to improved patient care. Will a formalized RN to NA report increase communication and satisfaction with report process between RNs and NAs therefore leading to improved patient care and satisfaction? 16
PICO Clinical Question P= Noise on Hospital unit I = (Changes based on literature search and synthesis and current setting, culture, etc) C= Compared to status quo O = Less noise on units leading to improved rest for patients What is the best evidence-based practice for reducing environmental noise on a hospital unit? 17
PICO Clinical Question P - Alarm fatigue on telemetry unit I- (Unknown until lit search) C- Compared to current practice O - Decrease alarm fatigue (patient safety and nurse effectiveness) What are the evidence based methods to decrease alarm fatigue in adult telemetry units? 18
Clinical Question Purpose Statement Clinical question How do we improve pain management of home-going patients following surgery for laryngeal cancer? Purpose Statement The purpose of this EBP project is to decrease pain experienced at home following surgery for laryngeal cancer by improving pharmacological treatment and discharge planning. (Often will include how much improvement and by when) 19
Purpose Statement Example The purpose of this EBP project is to decrease pain experienced at home following discharge from the hospital following surgery for laryngeal cancer by improving pharmacological treatment and discharge planning. Clinical question how do we improve pain management of home-going patients following surgery for larnyngeal cancer? 20
Building the Question Using PICO Patient or Problem Intervention Comparison Intervention Outcomes How would I describe a group of patients similar to mine? Which main intervention am I considering? What is the main alternative to compare with the intervention? What can I hope to accomplish ? Tips for Building Hospitalized patients who have a family pet that they are close to (longer stay patients) Family pet visiting dogs and cats No visiting of family pets Decreased stress Example Decreased anxiety Patient and family satisfaction 21
Building the Clinical Question Using PICO Patient or Problem Intervention Comparison Intervention Outcomes How would I describe a group of patients similar to mine? Which main intervention am I considering? What is the main alternative to compare with the intervention? What can I hope to accomplish? Tips for Building Patients discharged to home following surgery for laryngeal cancer Pharmacologic al treatment. Conventional Therapy Improved pain control at home (post discharge) Example Discharge planning telephone f/u Usual Care 22
Your Turn!! Write a PICO statement 23
Your Teams PICO Patient or Problem Intervention Comparison Intervention Outcomes PICO #1 PICO #2 Our Final PICO statement 24
Activity Gather your EBP Team With and a piece of butcher paper & marker Use your EBP project topic & write the P I C O If there s time, write a clinical question or purpose statement Discuss your PICO 26
Conclusion Define PICO Revise PICO State one purpose of a PICO statement Literature Review Write a PICO statement for your EBP Project PICO Use your PICO statement to write the clinical question or purpose statement for EBP Project 27
