Understanding Orofacial Development and Functions in Dentistry

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Explore the intricate orofacial structures, including dental arches, naso-maxillary complex, mandible, and muscles of expression, mastication, and deglutition. Learn about the various functions performed by the orofacial complex, such as mastication, deglutition, respiration, and speech. Dive into the phases of mastication and deglutition, understanding the complexities involved in breaking down food and swallowing. Discover the differences between infantile and mature swallows, along with theories and phases of deglutition in dentistry.


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  1. FUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

  2. INTRODUCTION : Orofacial structures - Dental arches Naso-maxillary complex Mandible Muscles of facial expression Muscles of mastication & deglutition

  3. Various functions performed by the orofacial complex Mastication Deglutition Respiration Speech Passive muscle function

  4. Mastication : Complex activity aimed at breaking down food preparatory to swallowing Murphy - 6 phases 1) preparatory food positioned over the tongue 2) food contact momentary pause, evaluation of viscosity 3) crushing 4) tooth contact 5) guiding phase contact become unilateral transgression of mandibular molars 6) centric occlusion

  5. Deglutition : Act of swallowing Types Infantile Swallow Mature Swallow

  6. Infantile / Immature / visceral swallow 1 The jaws are apart, with the tongue between the gum pads 2. The mandible is stabilized mainly by contraction of the muscles innervated by the VII (seventh) cranial nerve and the interposed tongue 3. The swallow is guided and to a great extent controlled by sensory interchange between the lips and the tongue

  7. MATURE / SOMATIC SWALLOW Characteristic features 1. The teeth are together 2. The mandible is stabilized - mandibular elevators 3. The tongue tip is held against the palate above and behind the incisors 4. There are minimal contractions of the lips during the mature swallow.

  8. Theories of deglutition: 1) Theory of constant propulsion 2) Theory of oral expulsion 3) Theory of negative pressure 4) Theory of integral function

  9. Phases of deglutition: Oral phase

  10. Pharyngeal phase :

  11. Esophageal stage :

  12. RESPIRATION: Inherent reflex evoked spontaneously at birth aided by posture of mandible & hyoid normal nasal breathing

  13. Mouth Breathing Long Face Syndrome

  14. Passive Muscular function Neutral zone

  15. Trajectorial theory of forces (Wolff s Law)

  16. Trajectorial theory : Orientation of the bony trabeculae - pathways of maximal pressure & tension Trabeculae are thicker where stresses are greater

  17. Vertical trajectories of maxilla: a) Fronto-nasal buttress b) Malar-zygomatic buttress c) Ptearygoid buttress

  18. Horizontal trajectories : a. Hard palate b. Orbital ridges c. Zygomatic arches d. Palatal bones e. Lesser wings of sphenoid

  19. Wolfs Law : Bone --- pressure/ tension --- remodeling --- change in form Architecture of the bone is such that it can resist the forces which are brought to bear upon it with the use of as little tissue as possible

  20. Every change in the form and the function of a bone or of their function alone is followed by certain definite changes in their internal architecture, and equally definite secondary alterations in their external confirmation

  21. CONCLUSION: An relationship, but unless he takes into consideration the effects of the use of these teeth, unless he makes allowances for the manifold environmental functional influences, the delicately responsive bony structures are apt to change, and the tooth positions will change with them. orthodontist can establish a perfect occlusal GRABER

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