Understanding Legal Concepts on Harm and Force
Exploring different legal aspects such as hurt, grievous hurt, criminal force, and criminal intimidation. Discussion includes intentions behind causing harm, use of force, and acts of intimidation. Amendments to specific sections and penalties against vulnerable victims are also highlighted.
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Seminar 4 Mindmap Hurt and Grievous Hurt VCGH s322 PC. Subjective accused intended to cause or know that he was likely to cause grievous hurt. Read Koh Jing Kwang S320(h), as long as not able to carry out ordinary pursuits with the same degree of ease as he did before he was injured. Hurt - Physical, psychological and emotional. Grievious hurt defined - Fracture or permanent injury etc. See s320 PC. VCH s321 PC. Subjective prove an intention to cause hurt or knowledge that hurt was likely. Actual knowledge, accused subjectively aware of the likelihood of grievous hurt. Inferring from objective acts and circumstances and what a reasonable person in accused s person would do. Rashness or negligence was insufficient. Read Muhammad Khalis bin Ramlee Hurt, Grievous Hurt Accused need not intend the exact form of hurt as long as intended to cause some form of hurt. Read Low Song Chye New sections s323A VCH which results in grievous hurt caused. No intention to cause grievous hurt.
Seminar 4 Mindmap Criminal Force s350PC Intentional use of force. Not knowingly, Rashly or Negligently. S90 PC consent is not consent if under fear, misconception, unsound mind, child under 12 years old etc. Criminal Force Definition of criminal force is wide and does not necessarily equate with violence. E.g. grabbing a pen repeatedly and tugging at victim s shirt. Read Goh Ang Huat
Seminar 4 Mindmap Criminal Intimidation S503 PC Criminal Intimidation Victim need not experience alarm, distress or other emotional state. Read Ye Lin Myint Threat as specified with intent to cause alarm to the person threatened, commission of an act the person threatened is not legally bound to do or omission of an act the person threatened is legally entitled to do
Discuss amendments to sections 73, 74, 74A-74E, 304B, 305C, 323A, 335A- 335B https://www.tnp.sg/news/singapore/stiffer-penalties-crimes-against- vulnerable-victims 4
