Understanding Cyberwarfare: Actors, Targets, Cases
Cyberwarfare involves actions by nation-states to penetrate others' computers or networks for causing damage. It extends classic warfare and is characterized by its speed, global nature, and comprehensive impact. State and non-state actors play significant roles, engaging in cooperation for various cyber activities. Some well-known cases include conflicts between nations like China, North Korea, the USA, and Russia, involving cyberespionage, cyberattacks, and cybersabotage.
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Cyberwarfare Actors, Targets, Cases Assoc. Prof. David Gulua, NDA
Definition of Cyberwarfare Cyberwarfare: actions by a nation state to penetrate another nation s computers or networks for the purposes of causing damage or disruption in a broad sense: Usage of cybertechnologies by a nation state to destroy a sovereignty and military, technological, economical and political security of another nation state(s) Cyberspace or theatre of war: all of the computer networks in the world and everything they connect and control (not only internet) Cyberwars are already underway. Cyberwar can be extremely dangerous
Cyberwarfare vs. Classic War Cyberwarfare extends classic warfare or will be conducted independently (mostly without declaration of war) There was no full-fledged cyber warfare in the history of mankind yet (and, hopefully, never will) Cyberwarfare is much-more faster (Speed of light) Cyberwarfare is global Cyberwarfare is comprehensive
Actors of Cyberwarfare State actors United States Cyber Command - USCYBERCOM (USA) Unit 8200 of Military Intelligence Service (Israel) Unit 61398 of People's Liberation Army (China) Division 121 of Intelligence Department of the General staff (North Korea) Non-state actors (hackers and hacker groups) Hacktivists, Cyberterrorists Cybercriminals (WannaCry)
Cooperation between state and non-state actors China Alliance of red hackers and other cybergroups (ca. 150000 hackers) Russia Russian Business Network Cozy Bear, Fency Bear
Well-known cases of cyberwarfare China vs USA North Korea vs USA Iran vs USA, Israel Russia vs Georgia Israel vs Syria Anonimous Islamic State (ISIS)
Cases of cyberwarfare Stealing sensitive information (Cyberespionage) Titan rain (China vs. USA) Russian cyberespionage against Georgia in 2012-12 Breaking systems functionality (Cyberattack) stopgeorgia.ru (Russia vs Georgia) North Korean DDOS-attacks on USA governmental resources (2009) Destroy infrastructure (Cybersabotage) Stuxnet (2005), Slammer (2003), BlackEnergy (2017)
2008 Russian Georgian Cyberwar Russian Botnet + Volunteers DDoS-attacks against Georgian government and media websites Breach of website security systems and defacement actions Shutting down of servers in Georgian banking sector Imitation of attack foreign banking systems from Georgia and as a result, breach of connection between foreign and Georgian processing centers. Paralyzation of Georgian banking sector (incl. credit card systems) Strong interruptions in mobile communication
Targets of cyberwarfare Information systems and databases Core network infrastructure SCADA Systems (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) for Industrial systems and other infrastructure objects Electric Power Grid Management systems Underground management systems Stock exchange management systems Supply chain management systems
