Ultimate Guide to Monitoring in Music Production
Essential Guide to
Aims –
To understand the following:
What is Monitoring
Types of Monitoring Speakers & Headphones
What is Reference Monitoring
Performance - Frequency Range
Performance – Power Ratings / Volume / SPL
Manufacturer’s Spec of Yamaha HS50M
Manufacturer’s Spec of HD280 Pro
Terminology
Monitoring is essential in recording as it allows you to hear.
Monitoring is required for:
1)
To soundcheck and set levels
2)
To audition a signal before recording
3)
To perform along to a previous recording or guide
4)
To arrange a multi track recording
5)
To measure the results of processing (Effects, EQ etc)
6)
To mix a multi-track recording
7)
To master a multi – track recording
Two essential monitoring systems:
1)
Reference Monitors
2)
Reference Headphones
Note the word ‘Reference’
This is a very important attribute for a pro-studio
monitoring system.
Refers to: ‘Accurate Response’
Hi-Fi, or High-Fidelity
•
Designed to be high quality.
•
Traditionally accurate in response
•
More recently feature:
Bass Boost
EQ
Noise Reduction
Artificial environments
Surround
Lo-Fi, or Low Fidelty equipment such as Computer
Monitors.
Limited Frequency Response
Any equipment with additions such as Bass Boost,
Dolby Surround, Noise filtering, or that is not true
stereo, cannot be used for referencing.
Why?
Two types of Referencing Monitor speakers:
1)
Nearfield
2)
Midfield
Nearfield – Designed for close monitoring in a small studio and tend to have 2
or 3 ‘cones’ or ‘horns’ per unit.
Midfield – More powerful and designed for larger studios. Tend to
have at least 3 cones or horns per unit.
NB:
As monitors need to be turned up to maximum volume
for optimum frequency response, if you use Midfield
monitoring in a small studio you will probably damage
your ears.
All monitors, headphones and speakers are measured in
several ways, these are the two most essential:
1)
Power in ‘Watts.’ This is how powerful the
equipment is. (Volume /SPL)
2)
Frequency response in Hz. This is the bandwidth of
the audio spectrum that the unit is able to deliver.
YAMAHA HS50M – STUDIO
MONITORS
YAMAHA HS50M – STUDIO
MONITORS
2 Way True Reference Monitor
5” Cone Woofer, ¾” Dome HF Unit
70 Watts Power
Frequency Response 55Hz – 20khz
Mid EQ Room Control & High Response
Control Switches
Low Cut Switch
Crossover Freq 3Khz
www.uk-yamaha.com
Headphones are simply mini-monitors.
They are close range so there is less need for different
power ratings and configurations.
Like speakers, headphones are rated by power and
frequency response.
There are other factors to consider when choosing
headphones for studio use...
Circumaural Headphones (Noise Cancelling)
•
Encompass the whole ear
•
Fully seal against the head to cancel out
background noise
Supra-Aural Headphones
•
Press against the ear
•
Less attenuation of
background noise
Open Back
•
Allow background Noise in
•
Allow noise to escape
•
They give a more ambient and
speaker-like response
•
Deliver sense of distance from the
sound source
Closed Back
•
Block background Noise
•
Prevent noise escaping
•
Give a much ‘closer’ sounding
response
In a studio setting you need the following:
1) Closest, most accurate sound (no
enhancement)
2) No bleed (sound should be sealed in so it is not
picked up on the recording)
3) Outside sound blocked out to help accurate
monitoring
Circumaural, Closed Back, Full
Frequency Range, Referencing
Headphones with no Bass Boost
or Noise Reduction.
Sennheiser HD280 Pro
Closed Back Headphones
Sennheiser HD280 Pro
Closed Back Headphones
32dB Background Noise Attenuation
Power Rating 500mw
Frequency Response 8 – 25000hz
SPL: 102dB (1 mw of input signal = 102dB)
THD 0.1%
Closed Back Circumaural design for limited
overspill
Accurate Linear Response
http://en-uk.sennheiser.com
References
www.howequipmentworks.com
www.thomann.de
www.mixonline.com
www.uk-yamaha.com
http://en-us.sennheiser.com
http://en-uk.sennheiser.com
http://shure.custhelp.com/
Exploring the importance of monitoring in music production, this guide covers topics such as types of monitoring, reference monitors, performance specifications, and terminology. It emphasizes the need for accurate response in pro-studio monitoring systems and distinguishes between hi-fi and lo-fi equipment. Additionally, it explains why equipment with bass boost or noise filtering features may not be suitable for referencing purposes.
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Presentation Transcript
Essential Guide to MONITORING
Aims To understand the following: What is Monitoring Types of Monitoring Speakers & Headphones What is Reference Monitoring Performance -Frequency Range Performance Power Ratings / Volume / SPL Manufacturer s Spec of Yamaha HS50M Manufacturer s Spec of HD280 Pro Terminology
MONITORING Monitoring is essential in recording as it allows you to hear. Monitoring is required for: To soundcheck and set levels 1) 2) To audition a signal before recording 3) To perform along to a previous recording or guide 4) To arrange a multi track recording 5) To measure the results of processing (Effects, EQ etc) 6) To mix a multi-track recording 7) To master a multi track recording
MONITORING Two essential monitoring systems: 1) Reference Monitors 2) Reference Headphones
MONITORING Note the word Reference This is a very important attribute for a pro-studio monitoring system. Refers to: Accurate Response
HI-FI Hi-Fi, or High-Fidelity Designed to be high quality. Traditionally accurate in response More recently feature: Bass Boost EQ Noise Reduction Artificial environments Surround
LO-FI Lo-Fi, or Low Fideltyequipment such as Computer Monitors. Limited Frequency Response
BASS BOOST Any equipment with additions such as Bass Boost, Dolby Surround, Noise filtering, or that is not true stereo, cannot be used for referencing. Why?
REFERENCE MONITORS Two types of Referencing Monitor speakers: 1) Nearfield 2) Midfield
NEARFIELD MONITORS Nearfield Designed for close monitoring in a small studio and tend to have 2 or 3 cones or horns per unit.
MIDFIELD MONITORS Midfield More powerful and designed for larger studios. Tend to have at least 3 cones or horns per unit.
REFERENCE MONITORS NB: As monitors need to be turned up to maximum volume for optimum frequency response, if you use Midfield monitoring in a small studio you will probably damage your ears.
MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE OF MONITORING SYSTEMS All monitors, headphones and speakers are measured in several ways, these are the two most essential: 1) Power in Watts. This is how powerful the equipment is. (Volume /SPL) 2) Frequency response in Hz. This is the bandwidth of the audio spectrum that the unit is able to deliver.
YAMAHA HS50M STUDIO MONITORS
YAMAHA HS50M STUDIO MONITORS 2 Way True Reference Monitor 5 Cone Woofer, Dome HF Unit 70 Watts Power Frequency Response 55Hz 20khz Mid EQ Room Control & High Response Control Switches Low Cut Switch Crossover Freq 3Khz www.uk-yamaha.com
HEADPHONES Headphones are simply mini-monitors. They are close range so there is less need for different power ratings and configurations. Like speakers, headphones are rated by power and frequency response. There are other factors to consider when choosing headphones for studio use...
DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEADPHONES
DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEADPHONES Circumaural Headphones (Noise Cancelling) Encompass the whole ear Fully seal against the head to cancel out background noise
DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEADPHONES Supra-Aural Headphones Press against the ear Less attenuation of background noise
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EAR CUP Open Back Allow background Noise in Allow noise to escape They give a more ambient and speaker-like response Deliver sense of distance from the sound source
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EAR CUP Closed Back Block background Noise Prevent noise escaping Give a much closer sounding response
WHICH SET? In a studio setting you need the following: 1) Closest, most accurate sound (no enhancement) 2) No bleed (sound should be sealed in so it is not picked up on the recording) 3) Outside sound blocked out to help accurate monitoring
WHICH SET? Circumaural, Closed Back, Full Frequency Range, Referencing Headphones with no Bass Boost or Noise Reduction.
Sennheiser HD280 Pro Closed Back Headphones
Sennheiser HD280 Pro Closed Back Headphones 32dB Background Noise Attenuation Power Rating 500mw Frequency Response 8 25000hz SPL: 102dB (1 mw of input signal = 102dB) THD 0.1% Closed Back Circumaural design for limited overspill Accurate Linear Response http://en-uk.sennheiser.com
References www.howequipmentworks.com www.thomann.de www.mixonline.com www.uk-yamaha.com http://en-us.sennheiser.com http://en-uk.sennheiser.com http://shure.custhelp.com/
