Traffic Flow Variations in Urban Areas: A Comparative Study Between 1980 and 2015

This study compares the traffic flow variations in urban areas, focusing on average daily traffic totals, daily traffic volumes, and monthly variations between the years 1980 and 2015 in Johannesburg. Data collection locations, including traffic data from different sites and lanes, are presented along with definitions of key terms. The analysis reveals insights into the changing traffic patterns and volumes over the years.

• Traffic flow
• Urban areas
• Traffic data
• Daily volumes
• Johannesburg

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1. TRAFFIC FLOW VARIATIONS IN URBAN AREAS Prepared By: John Sampson Presented By: Andries Joubert

2. DEFINITIONS AADT - Average Annual Daily Traffic Total traffic all days over a year divided by 365 AWDT Average Week Day Traffic Monday to Friday (no holidays) divided by 5 ADT Average Daily Traffic Count on typical workday

3. DATA COLLECTION 1980 Traffic Data Locations Where in Johannesburg Site Lanes Days AWDT Location M2 at Rosettenville Road 1 4 6 yrs 107 100 CBD 2 4 6 yrs 54 900 M1 south of Xavier St Ormonde Inner cordon around Jhb CBD 3 ~ 3*13hr 553 000 CBD boundary Outer cordon municipal boundary 4 ~ 3*13hr 713 000 Old Jhb Selected secondary stations 5 7 day Major roads

4. DATA COLLECTION 2015 Traffic Data (11 Locations) Site Lanes Days AWDT Location M1 N of Marlboro, S of Woodmead M2 E of Cleveland, W of N3 M1 S of Xavier St, N of N12 N14 S of Jean Ave, N of N1 Suburb City 1 8 365 160 742 Gallo Manor Sandton 2 8 346 105 798 Cleveland Johannesburg 3 8 281 127 754 Ormonde Johannesburg 4 7/4 365 83 169 Bromberrik Centurion R25 5 6 356 42 107 Modderfontein Rd N van Riebeek Greenstone Modderfontein

5. TRAFFIC FLOWS

6. DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUMES AADT vs AWDT Year AWDT / AADT AADT / AWDT 1980 114.5 87.3 2015 116.3 86.0

7. DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUMES Typical Daily Volumes on Class 1 5 Roads Class 2 major arterial Class 3 minor arterial Class 4a major collector Class 4b minor collector Class 5 local street Class 1 freeway Limit Minimum 40 000 15 000 10 000 2 000 1 000 0 Maximum 230 000 60 000 40 000 25 000 10 000 2 000

8. DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUMES Monthly Variation as a percentage of AADT Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1980 99 107 102 101 100 96 97 96 99 104 106 95 2015 91 104 105 97 100 100 104 101 103 103 104 87

9. Typical Daily Traffic Volume Variation 110% 100% 90% 80% 70% % of AWDT 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Source: M1 between Marlboro and Woodmead

10. DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUMES Variation in Weekly Volume as % of AWDT Week 2015 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 11 101 12 101 13 90 79 94 97 98 98 100 100 102 102 Week 2015 14 88 15 100 16 99 17 81 18 101 19 98 20 98 21 100 22 99 23 98 24 87 25 99 26 99 Week 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 2015 97 97 98 101 102 90 99 101 101 101 101 90 103 Week 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 2015 100 99 99 102 101 100 99 101 103 99 85 64 48

11. DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUMES Weekday Volume as a % of AWDT Day Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun 1980 97.2 98.2 99.9 99.6 105.2 73.2 53.3 2015 97.0 98.1 99.3 100.0 105.6 72.0 53.7

12. HOURLY TRAFFIC VOLUMES Suburban Area (1980) as a % of ADT

13. HOURLY TRAFFIC VOLUMES CBD (1980) as a % of ADT

14. HOURLY TRAFFIC VOLUMES Major Roads (2015) as a % of ADT

15. HOURLY TRAFFIC VOLUMES 30% Highest Hour Comparison

16. HOURLY TRAFFIC VOLUMES Traffic Volumes by Day of Week

17. HEAVY VEHICLES Mix of Heavy Vehicle by Road Class Class 1 freeway Class 2 major arterial Class 3 minor arterial Percentage % Heavy Vehicles 6.5% 4.5% 9.8% consisting of: % Short HV 58% 64% 67% % Medium HV 21% 21% 17% % Long HV 21% 16% 16%

18. LANE UTILIZATION Lanes per direction 2 lanes 3 lanes 4 lanes 1980 all 36 : 64 22 : 35 : 43 16 : 30 : 30 : 24 2015 all 46 : 54 25 : 42 : 33 19 : 27 : 30 : 24 2015 HV only 70 : 30 37 : 45 : 18 25 : 42 : 24 : 9

19. CONCLUSIONS Traffic count variations found in the 1980 study have been confirmed. Peak periods occur sooner, last longer and are not as peaky . Given the generally predictability and regularity of the traffic volumes in urban areas, as confirmed in this study, the factors derived can be used with confidence

20. Thank you