The Theory of Relativity and Elementary Particles Study
Elementary Particles in the
theory of relativity
Section 15
1. The field was first conceived by Faraday to explain action at a
distance
In classical physics, the field is a convenience for describing
interactions between particles
In relativity, due to the finite velocity of propagation of
interactions, the field has physical reality.
•
A particle creates a field around itself
•
Then the field acts to produce a force on other
particles located in this field.
•
When the first particle moves, there is a time delay
before other particles notice the change.
2.
Classical theory of fields
considers two types of field: gravitational
and electromagnetic. This class deals only with the latter.
3.
Before considering interactions between field and particle, the latter
needs to be defined.
4.
In classical physics, rigid non-deformable bodies are often assumed
to represent particles, but relativity shows that this is only an
approximation.
Rigid bodies don’t exist.
5. Assumption of rigidity leads to absurdity
•
Consider a rotating disk, and suppose it to be rigid.
•
Imagine a reference frame fixed to an infinitesimal element of the disk.
•
This frame can be considered inertial during a moment.
•
Different elements have different inertial frames in the given moment.
Consider line elements along a radius of the rotating disk
–
The elements are perpendicular to their velocity
–
No Lorentz contraction
•
The total radius of the disk is the same as when it was at rest.
v
Now consider line elements a long the circumference of the disk
•
The assumption of rigidity means that the proper length of each element
is the same as would be observed by a viewer at rest.
•
However, an observer at rest sees that the length of each element is
contracted.
v
•
The circumference of the rotating disk is smaller than that of the disk at
rest.
•
Thus, due to rotation circumference/radius does not equal 2
•
This cannot be, unless the moving disk is no longer a disk, i.e. it must have
deformed.
•
Apply an external force to one spot on an extended body.
•
Speed of propagation of interactions is finite.
•
F
ext
is not applied to all points simultaneously.
•
Body must deform as it accelerates.
F
ext
6. A different proof about the impossibility of rigid bodies.
7. Elementary particles are described completely by position
r
and velocity
v
.
•
No independent motion of parts.
•
Elementary particles cannot have finite dimensions.
•
They are mathematical points.
The theory of relativity redefines our understanding of fields, particles, and their interactions. Explore how classical physics assumptions are challenged, and discover the implications of relativity on rigid bodies and rotating disks.
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Presentation Transcript
Elementary Particles in the theory of relativity Section 15
1. The field was first conceived by Faraday to explain action at a distance In classical physics, the field is a convenience for describing interactions between particles In relativity, due to the finite velocity of propagation of interactions, the field has physical reality. A particle creates a field around itself Then the field acts to produce a force on other particles located in this field. When the first particle moves, there is a time delay before other particles notice the change.
2. Classical theory of fields considers two types of field: gravitational and electromagnetic. This class deals only with the latter. 3. Before considering interactions between field and particle, the latter needs to be defined. 4. In classical physics, rigid non-deformable bodies are often assumed to represent particles, but relativity shows that this is only an approximation. Rigid bodies don t exist.
5. Assumption of rigidity leads to absurdity Consider a rotating disk, and suppose it to be rigid. Imagine a reference frame fixed to an infinitesimal element of the disk. This frame can be considered inertial during a moment. Different elements have different inertial frames in the given moment.
Consider line elements along a radius of the rotating disk The elements are perpendicular to their velocity No Lorentz contraction The total radius of the disk is the same as when it was at rest. v
Now consider line elements a long the circumference of the disk The assumption of rigidity means that the proper length of each element is the same as would be observed by a viewer at rest. However, an observer at rest sees that the length of each element is contracted. v
The circumference of the rotating disk is smaller than that of the disk at rest. Thus, due to rotation circumference/radius does not equal 2 This cannot be, unless the moving disk is no longer a disk, i.e. it must have deformed.
6. A different proof about the impossibility of rigid bodies. Apply an external force to one spot on an extended body. Speed of propagation of interactions is finite. Fext is not applied to all points simultaneously. Body must deform as it accelerates. Fext
7. Elementary particles are described completely by position r and velocity v. No independent motion of parts. Elementary particles cannot have finite dimensions. They are mathematical points.
