The Saxons and Vikings Science - Materials and Structures
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Mirkuzie Woldie,
Garumma Feyissa
,
Tesfamichael Alaro, Bitiya Admasu, Kirstin
Mitchell, Susannah Mayhew, Martin McKee, Dina Balabanova
5
th
conference of African Health and Economic Association
Rabat Morocco
September, 25-29, 2016
1
I
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
•
A video diary is a digitized diary used for the collection of data on informants’
lives over an extended period.
•
is an established social science method,
•
it has more recently gained prominence in the field of health policy and
systems research
(Jewitt C, 2012).
2
A
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
•
The audio and video diaries are thought to have significant advantages:
a)
participant-led
and
authentic
in reflecting unique individual
experiences;
b)
capture
experiences in real time
, thereby minimising recall bias
c)
reflexive, stimulating the
maturation of respondents’ ideas
over time
d)
motivate and empower respondents
3
O
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
•
To document the usefulness of a modified
Video voice
method as a
policy analysis tool
Specific objective:
•
To understand the role of Women development army (WDA) leaders
as mediators of accessible primary healthcare in Ethiopia
4
Methods
•
Study setting:
Three districts of Jimma Zone, Oromia Regional State
•
Selected purposively based on their category of
performance
in
implementing
WDA program
•
Seka Chekorsa Best performing district
•
Tiro Afeta Medium performing district
•
Omo Nada Least performing district
5
P
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
•
Conversation to create rapport and trust
•
Informing the participants about the purpose and procedures
•
Training on how to use the mobile phones
•
Providing encrypted phones with recording capability
•
Supporting them through regular communication and visits
6
M
e
t
h
o
d
s
…
•
Footage will be obtained over 3-4 months, from 30 Women Development
Army leaders in 3 districts.
•
The videos and audios will be transcribed using
multimodal transcription
method (gestures, sounds, will be analysed) (Taylor, C. J. (2003).
•
The transcriptions will be analysed and
triangulated
with data obtained
through other qualitative methods.
7
D
a
t
a
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
•
Training on the use of pass words
•
Simple pass words
•
To call to one of the research team in case they face any difficulty
instead of consulting others for technical support
8
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
(
1
)
•
The videos and audios will be transcribed using
multimodal transcription
method
(gestures, sounds, will be analysed) (Taylor, 2003).
•
The transcriptions will be analysed and triangulated with data obtained through
other qualitative methods.
•
The videos and qualitative data will be analysed and compared using MAXQDA 12.
•
A
co-production workshop
with participants and researchers –
•
to allow the participants to view the footage and add their own interpretation of the
findings: key themes, priorities for action, ‘blind spots’
9
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
(
2
)
1. Developing guiding questions
•
A major focus will be on analysing the video records along key insights gained
from data gathered from other techniques (KIs, FGDs and document reviews)
•
However,
•
We will allow flexibility and explore new phenomena that were not discovered through
other methods, but are participant-generated.
10
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
(
3
)
2. Developing content log
a description of major events that took place for each brief
standard unit of time
Coffee ceremonies, WDA meetings, other community events
3. Viewing and re-viewing the videos
– individually and in group
(participant groups, research teams) and comparing interpretation
11
F
i
e
l
d
w
o
r
k
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
o
n
Challenges faced during pilot test
•
Technical difficulties
•
Recording events that are not relevant
•
Soundless videos
12
Motivation
•
WDA leaders who received the
mobile phones were motivated
to record their activities.
13
D
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s
•
Our proposition is that the
Video
voice
—
in format adapted to context—
can be a useful tool to inform policy development.
•
The approach can provide
real-time findings
, capturing the perspectives
of health service volunteers within their spacio-temporal context.
14
D
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s
…
The potential added value of the methodology:
1.
Ability to capture more accurately
health volunteers’ perspectives
The day to day activities of WDA leaders and the challenges they encounter
can better be uncovered through diaries.
Stimulates the
maturation of respondents’ ideas
over time
15
D
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s
…
•
To accurately document challenges and opportunities for
implementing WDA system with in the cultural context
Dabo
Iddir
(
Afosha
)
Dado
Coffee ceremony
Day in the life of WDA
16
D
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s
…
2. As a participatory method,
The approach may enable participants to understand better their own
needs
,
and those of their community, ensuring that these are
reflected
in developing
effective
PHC policies.
•
effective in
influencing practice
and supporting
advocacy
(
Derry SJ, et al,
2010).
17
D
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s
…
3. Authentic method
•
WDA leaders will to provide
authentic
self-directed narratives
(Jewitt C, 2012).
•
WDAs will describe their
daily work
in their
own terms
and frame the
challenges they face.
•
Captures perceptions within their
special and temporal
context and
strengthens
rigour
and
immediacy
of the research
(Jewitt C, 2012).
18
D
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s
…
4.
Complementary with other methods
•
In this project, it will be used as a complementary method to other
methods, desk review, key informant interviews and Focus group
discussions.
helping to interpret qualitative findings.
To validate the interpretations of the data generated through other
means
19
D
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s
…
5. As intervention
•
Data obtained through diaries, and
reflexivity over time
, may itself act as an
intervention
,
changing
respondent’s
perceptions of their reality
.
•
Construction of
reflections
on the past and on future actions
•
The co-production workshop to interpret and prioritise reoccurring themes.
•
will enhance respondent
motivation
20
S
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
•
Erickson, F. (2006). Definition and analysis of data from videotape: Some research procedures
and their rationales. In J. L. Green, G. Camilli, & P. B. Elmore (Eds.),
Handbook of complementary
methods in education research
(pp. 177-205). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
•
Derry, S. J., Pea, R. D., Barron, B., Engle, R. A., Erickson, F., Goldman, R., ... & Sherin, B. L. (2010).
Conducting video research in the learning sciences: Guidance on selection, analysis, technology,
and ethics.
The Journal of the Learning Sciences
,
19
(1), 3-53.
•
Jewitt, C. (2012). An introduction to using video for research.
•
Taylor, C. J. (2003). Multimodal transcription in the analysis, translation and subtitling of Italian
films.
The translator
,
9
(2), 191-205
.
21
A
c
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
•
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
•
Jimma University
•
Study participants
22
23
In this educational program, students learn to work with everyday materials, build structures, strengthen frameworks, and develop prototypes. They explore the properties of materials, make precise measurements, and create designs for products while enhancing their understanding of materials and techniques.
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Presentation Transcript
Using self Using self- -directed Video directed Video- -voice diaries for policy analysis in Ethiopia analysis in Ethiopia voice diaries for policy Mirkuzie Woldie, Garumma Feyissa, Tesfamichael Alaro, Bitiya Admasu, Kirstin Mitchell, Susannah Mayhew, Martin McKee, Dina Balabanova 5thconference of African Health and Economic Association Rabat Morocco September, 25-29, 2016 1
Introduction Introduction A video diary is a digitized diary used for the collection of data on informants lives over an extended period. is an established social science method, it has more recently gained prominence in the field of health policy and systems research (Jewitt C, 2012). 2
Advantages of the method Advantages of the method The audio and video diaries are thought to have significant advantages: a) participant-led and authentic in reflecting unique individual experiences; b) capture experiences in real time, thereby minimising recall bias c) reflexive, stimulating the maturation of respondents ideas over time d) motivate and empower respondents 3
Objectives Objectives To document the usefulness of a modified Video voicemethod as a policy analysis tool Specific objective: To understand the role of Women development army (WDA) leaders as mediators of accessible primary healthcare in Ethiopia 4
Methods Study setting: Three districts of Jimma Zone, Oromia Regional State Selected purposively based on their category of performance in implementing WDA program Seka Chekorsa Best performing district Tiro Afeta Medium performing district Omo Nada Least performing district 5
Procedures Procedures Conversation to create rapport and trust Informing the participants about the purpose and procedures Training on how to use the mobile phones Providing encrypted phones with recording capability Supporting them through regular communication and visits 6
Methods Methods Footage will be obtained over 3-4 months, from 30 Women Development Army leaders in 3 districts. The videos and audios will be transcribed using multimodal transcription method (gestures, sounds, will be analysed) (Taylor, C. J. (2003). The transcriptions will be analysed and triangulated with data obtained through other qualitative methods. 7
Data security Data security Training on the use of pass words Simple pass words To call to one of the research team in case they face any difficulty instead of consulting others for technical support 8
Analysis (1) Analysis (1) The videos and audios will be transcribed using multimodal transcription method (gestures, sounds, will be analysed) (Taylor, 2003). The transcriptions will be analysed and triangulated with data obtained through other qualitative methods. The videos and qualitative data will be analysed and compared using MAXQDA 12. A co-production workshop with participants and researchers to allow the participants to view the footage and add their own interpretation of the findings: key themes, priorities for action, blind spots 9
Analysis (2) Analysis (2) 1. Developing guiding questions A major focus will be on analysing the video records along key insights gained from data gathered from other techniques (KIs, FGDs and document reviews) However, We will allow flexibility and explore new phenomena that were not discovered through other methods, but are participant-generated. 10
Analysis (3) Analysis (3) 2. Developing content log a description of major events that took place for each brief standard unit of time Coffee ceremonies, WDA meetings, other community events 3. Viewing and re-viewing the videos individually and in group (participant groups, research teams) and comparing interpretation 11
Fieldwork initiation Fieldwork initiation Challenges faced during pilot test Technical difficulties Recording events that are not relevant Soundless videos 12
Motivation WDA leaders who received the mobile phones were motivated to record their activities. 13
Discussions Discussions Our proposition is that the Video voice in format adapted to context can be a useful tool to inform policy development. The approach can provide real-time findings, capturing the perspectives of health service volunteers within their spacio-temporal context. 14
Discussions Discussions The potential added value of the methodology: 1. Ability to capture more accurately health volunteers perspectives The day to day activities of WDA leaders and the challenges they encounter can better be uncovered through diaries. Stimulates the maturation of respondents ideas over time 15
Discussions Discussions To accurately document challenges and opportunities for implementing WDA system with in the cultural context Dabo Iddir (Afosha) Dado Coffee ceremony Day in the life of WDA 16
Discussions Discussions 2. As a participatory method, The approach may enable participants to understand better their own needs, and those of their community, ensuring that these are reflected in developing effective PHC policies. effective in influencing practice and supporting advocacy(Derry SJ, et al, 2010). 17
Discussions Discussions 3. Authentic method WDA leaders will to provide authenticself-directed narratives(Jewitt C, 2012). WDAs will describe their daily work in their own terms and frame the challenges they face. Captures perceptions within their special and temporal context and strengthens rigour and immediacy of the research (Jewitt C, 2012). 18
Discussions Discussions 4. Complementary with other methods In this project, it will be used as a complementary method to other methods, desk review, key informant interviews and Focus group discussions. helping to interpret qualitative findings. To validate the interpretations of the data generated through other means 19
Discussions Discussions 5. As intervention Data obtained through diaries, and reflexivity over time, may itself act as an intervention, changing respondent s perceptions of their reality. Construction of reflections on the past and on future actions The co-production workshop to interpret and prioritise reoccurring themes. will enhance respondent motivation 20
Selected references Selected references Erickson, F. (2006). Definition and analysis of data from videotape: Some research procedures and their rationales. In J. L. Green, G. Camilli, & P. B. Elmore (Eds.), Handbook of complementary methods in education research (pp. 177-205). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Derry, S. J., Pea, R. D., Barron, B., Engle, R. A., Erickson, F., Goldman, R., ... & Sherin, B. L. (2010). Conducting video research in the learning sciences: Guidance on selection, analysis, technology, and ethics. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 19(1), 3-53. Jewitt, C. (2012). An introduction to using video for research. Taylor, C. J. (2003). Multimodal transcription in the analysis, translation and subtitling of Italian films. The translator, 9(2), 191-205. 21
Acknowledgements Acknowledgements London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Jimma University Study participants 22
