The Metric System: A Simple Guide
The Metric System
The Metric System
The Metric System
The Metric System
•
All scientific measurements are made using
the Metric System.
•
It is also called the SI System
(La Systeme International d’Unites)
•
The United States is the only major country
that does not use this system.
Very Easy To Use
Very Easy To Use
There are base units and prefixes
There are base units and prefixes
Based on
Based on
10
10
(10 and 100 and 1,000) so you
(10 and 100 and 1,000) so you
multiply or divide by 10 when converting
multiply or divide by 10 when converting
It’s a
It’s a
decimal
decimal
system… Can you think of a
system… Can you think of a
system we use every day that is a
system we use every day that is a
decimal
decimal
system?
system?
___________
___________
Hint
Metric Base Units
Metric Base Units
(last names)
(last names)
Length
Length
(how long it is)
(how long it is)
meter
meter
Volume
Volume
(how much space it takes up)
(how much space it takes up)
liter (for liquids)
liter (for liquids)
meter
meter
3
3
(for solids)
(for solids)
Mass
Mass
(how much matter is in it)
(how much matter is in it)
gram
gram
Temp.
Temp.
(how much heat it has)
(how much heat it has)
°
°
Celsius
Celsius
Time
Time
(how long it takes)
(how long it takes)
second
second
How Do We Measure Them? (tools)
How Do We Measure Them? (tools)
Length
Temperature
Volume
Time
Mass
Metric Prefixes
Metric Prefixes
kilo
kilo
hecto
hecto
deka
deka
deci
deci
centi
centi
milli
milli
1000
1000
100
100
10
10
1/10 (0.1)
1/10 (0.1)
1/100 (0.01)
1/100 (0.01)
1/1000 (0.001)
1/1000 (0.001)
BASE UNIT
BASE UNIT
1
Moving the Decimal for
Moving the Decimal for
Length
Length
Smaller Units,
Larger Number
Larger Units,
Smaller Number
Base Unit
Let’s make it easier
Let’s make it easier
What’s a millimeter ?
What’s a millimeter ?
About the thickness of a
About the thickness of a
paperclip
What’s a centimeter?
What’s a centimeter?
About the width of your
About the width of your
pinkie finger
What’s a meter?
What’s a meter?
Height from
Height from
the
floor to the door knob
The length of the yellow line in centimeters (there will
be a decimal) is _______ cm
The length of the yellow line in millimeters (there will
not be a decimal) is _______ mm
Mass
Mass
•
The mass is the amount of matter (or
The mass is the amount of matter (or
stuff) in an object and
stuff) in an object and
never changes
never changes
unless you change the object.
unless you change the object.
•
We use a triple beam balance to find the
We use a triple beam balance to find the
mass of an object in grams.
mass of an object in grams.
Mass vs. Weight
Mass vs. Weight
•
The weight of something is the amount of
The weight of something is the amount of
gravity pulling down on an object and
gravity pulling down on an object and
will
will
change
change
if you go somewhere with more or
if you go somewhere with more or
less gravity.
less gravity.
•
Mass is
Mass is
NOT
NOT
the same as weight!
the same as weight!
Moving the Decimal for
Moving the Decimal for
Mass
Mass
Smaller Units,
Larger Number
Larger Units,
Smaller Number
Base Unit
Use the triple beam balance to find the mass
of a football in grams?
Volume
Volume
•
The volume is the amount of space an
object takes up.
•
For liquids or oddly-shaped solids, we use
a graduated cylinder or beaker to find the
volume in liters (or mL).
Volume
Volume
•
The surface of the liquid might look
The surface of the liquid might look
slightly curved.
slightly curved.
•
This curve is called the
This curve is called the
meniscus
meniscus
and we
and we
read the amount of mL from the lowest
read the amount of mL from the lowest
point of the meniscus.
point of the meniscus.
Volume
Volume
•
For easy-to-measure solids (like a cereal
For easy-to-measure solids (like a cereal
box), we use a rule to find the volume in
box), we use a rule to find the volume in
cubic meters (m
cubic meters (m
3
3
).
).
•
Volume (m
Volume (m
3
3
) = Length x Width x Height
) = Length x Width x Height
Moving the Decimal for
Moving the Decimal for
Volume
Volume
Smaller Units,
Larger Number
Larger Units,
Smaller Number
Base Unit
Use the meniscus (lowest point of the water’s surface)
to find the volume of the water (there will be a
decimal). The volume is about
_______
mL.
Measuring Mass and Volume
Measuring Mass and Volume
•
Take out a new piece of paper and do the
Take out a new piece of paper and do the
following:
following:
•
Put your name and hour in the top right hand corner
Put your name and hour in the top right hand corner
•
Write
Write
1. Mass
1. Mass
and then skip 5 lines
and then skip 5 lines
•
Write
Write
2. Volume of a liquid
2. Volume of a liquid
and then skip 5 lines
and then skip 5 lines
•
Write
Write
3. Volume of a solid
3. Volume of a solid
and then skip 5 lines
and then skip 5 lines
Density
Density
•
Density
Density
is the amount of matter
is the amount of matter
(mass) per given space (volume)
(mass) per given space (volume)
•
Density = Mass (g) ÷ Volume (mL or cm
Density = Mass (g) ÷ Volume (mL or cm
3
3
)
)
•
For example,
For example,
water’s density is 1 g/mL
water’s density is 1 g/mL
which means that there is 1 gram of
which means that there is 1 gram of
matter in every mL of water.
matter in every mL of water.
Density
Density
Think of it like a suitcase…
the more clothes you try to fit in a
suitcase, the more packed it gets.
More packed = More dense
Density
Density
When you compare the density of two
When you compare the density of two
or more objects,
or more objects,
the denser objects
the denser objects
will sink
will sink
below the less dense objects.
below the less dense objects.
For example, if an object has a
For example, if an object has a
density of 2 g/mL … what will it do in
density of 2 g/mL … what will it do in
water? What if an object has a density
water? What if an object has a density
of 0.2 g/mL?
of 0.2 g/mL?
Density
Density
•
EXAMPLE OF
EXAMPLE OF
SAME MASS
SAME MASS
(151 g):
(151 g):
Spongebob Mac & Cheese
Spongebob Mac & Cheese
Easter jelly beans
Easter jelly beans
•
EXAMPLE OF
EXAMPLE OF
SAME VOLUME
SAME VOLUME
(5,452 cm
(5,452 cm
3
3
):
):
Red Swirly bowling ball
Red Swirly bowling ball
Spider Web bowling ball
Spider Web bowling ball
Density
Density
REMEMBER: Denser objects
REMEMBER: Denser objects
sink
sink
below less
below less
dense objects!
dense objects!
•
Number your paper 1 – 5
Number your paper 1 – 5
•
Order the following objects from least
Order the following objects from least
dense (#1) to most dense (#5):
dense (#1) to most dense (#5):
•
Water (blue), Syrup, Oil, Rubbing
Water (blue), Syrup, Oil, Rubbing
Alcohol
Alcohol
(green), Oil, and Dish Soap
(green), Oil, and Dish Soap
The Metric System is a decimal system used for scientific measurements, with base units like meter, liter, gram, Celsius, and second. This system includes prefixes like kilo, hecto, deka, deci, centi, and milli, making conversions easy. Discover how to measure length, volume, mass, temperature, and time using tools and different units. Learn the everyday applications of millimeters, centimeters, and meters in this easy-to-understand system.
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Presentation Transcript
The Metric System All scientific measurements are made using the Metric System. It is also called the SI System (La Systeme International d Unites) The United States is the only major country that does not use this system.
Very Easy To Use There are base units and prefixes Based on 10 (10 and 100 and 1,000) so you multiply or divide by 10 when converting It s a decimal system Can you think of a system we use every day that is a decimal system? ___________ Hint
Metric Base Units (last names) Length Volume Mass Temp. Time (how long it is) meter (how much space it takes up) liter (for liquids) meter3 (for solids) (how much matter is in it) gram Celsius second (how much heat it has) (how long it takes)
How Do We Measure Them? (tools) Length Temperature Volume Mass Time
Metric Prefixes kilo hecto deka BASE UNIT 1 1000 100 10 deci centi milli 1/10 (0.1) 1/100 (0.01) 1/1000 (0.001)
Moving the Decimal for Length Larger Units, Smaller Number Smaller Units, Larger Number Base Unit kilo (km) Hecto (hm) Deka (dka) METER (m) Deci (dm) Centi (cm) Milli (mm)
Lets make it easier What s a millimeter ? About the thickness of a paperclip What s a centimeter? About the width of your pinkie finger What s a meter? Height from the floor to the door knob
The length of the yellow line in centimeters (there will be a decimal) is _______ cm The length of the yellow line in millimeters (there will not be a decimal) is _______ mm
Mass The mass is the amount of matter (or stuff) in an object and never changes unless you change the object. We use a triple beam balance to find the mass of an object in grams.
Mass vs. Weight The weight of something is the amount of gravity pulling down on an object and will change if you go somewhere with more or less gravity. Mass is NOT the same as weight!
Moving the Decimal for Mass Larger Units, Smaller Number Smaller Units, Larger Number Base Unit kilo (kg) Hecto (hg) Deka (dkg) GRAM (g) Deci (dg) Centi (cg) Milli (mg)
Use the triple beam balance to find the mass of a football in grams?
Volume The volume is the amount of space an object takes up. For liquids or oddly-shaped solids, we use a graduated cylinder or beaker to find the volume in liters (or mL).
Volume The surface of the liquid might look slightly curved. This curve is called the meniscus and we read the amount of mL from the lowest point of the meniscus. glug, glug, glug
Volume For easy-to-measure solids (like a cereal box), we use a rule to find the volume in cubic meters (m3). Volume (m3) = Length x Width x Height boom,boom,boom
Moving the Decimal for Volume Larger Units, Smaller Number Smaller Units, Larger Number Base Unit kilo (kL) Hecto (hL) Deka (dkL) LITER (L) Deci (dL) Centi (cL) Milli (mL)
Use the meniscus (lowest point of the waters surface) to find the volume of the water (there will be a decimal). The volume is about _______ mL.
Measuring Mass and Volume Take out a new piece of paper and do the following: Put your name and hour in the top right hand corner Write 1. Mass and then skip 5 lines Write 2. Volume of a liquid and then skip 5 lines Write 3. Volume of a solid and then skip 5 lines
Density Density is the amount of matter (mass) per given space (volume) Density = Mass (g) Volume (mL or cm3) For example, water s density is 1 g/mL which means that there is 1 gram of matter in every mL of water.
Density Think of it like a suitcase the more clothes you try to fit in a suitcase, the more packed it gets. More packed = More dense
Density When you compare the density of two or more objects, the denser objects will sink below the less dense objects. For example, if an object has a density of 2 g/mL what will it do in water? What if an object has a density of 0.2 g/mL?
Density EXAMPLE OF SAME MASS (151 g): Spongebob Mac & Cheese Easter jelly beans EXAMPLE OF SAME VOLUME (5,452 cm3): Red Swirly bowling ball Spider Web bowling ball
Density REMEMBER: Denser objects sink below less dense objects! Number your paper 1 5 Order the following objects from least dense (#1) to most dense (#5): Water (blue), Syrup, Oil, Rubbing Alcohol (green), Oil, and Dish Soap
