The Elements of Art and Value in Drawing
An Element of Art
What is value?
•
Value is how
light or dark an
object is (or
appears to be)
•
Value makes
objects appear
•
3-D when they
are truly 2-D
(flat)
Create
CONTRAST
– the difference
between light and dark
Create
FORM
– the illusion of 3D shapes
Create
TEXTURE
– the surface quality of
an object
Create
VARIATION
– using different
values to create interest in an art piece;
variation in value helps “set the mood” of
the piece
The light hands next to the dark background creates contrast
Value creates the sense of eggs on otherwise flat paper
Value creates the cat’s fur
The use of different values in the same drawing creates variety
One of the most
common ways to
learn about value
is to make a
value
scale
Value scales are named
by how many boxes
there are
Below is a six-part
value scale
GRAPHITE
CHARCOAL
Charcoal Pencil
Vine Charcoal
CONTE CRAYON
INK PENS
Illustration (mm)
Pen & Ink (India Ink)
GRAPHITE RANGES:
6H, 4H, 2H, F, HB B, 2B, 4B, 6B
TORTILLION/ STUMP
(ESTOMPE)
ERASERS
Rubber (Pink Pearl)
Gum Art Eraser
Kneaded Eraser
White Vinyl Eraser
SHADING
Use the side of your
pencil and a
tortillion/blender to
bring a range of tones
to a drawing
HATCHING
Distinct parallel lines
close or far in distance
to one another to
mimic shading
Not scribbling, precise
and intentional
CROSS-HATCHING
Distinct parallel lines
and a second set of
lines overlapping to
create further value
Usually on a diagonal
STIPPLING
Small dots close
together to form dark
value and further in
distance to create light
value
Methodical not
random points
When drawing, it’s important to make sure
your shading follows the form
If your shading doesn’t follow the form, it will
visually flatten what you worked so hard to
make appear 3D
Use a new paper in your sketchbook, a ruler,
and a H pencil
Create 3 rectangles that are 2” x 8” each
2” wide
8” long
Use the ruler to divide the
box into 1” compartments
(You’ll have 8)
1)
Hatching (watch
demonstration)
2)
Shading
3) Grey Scales (paper)
Starting with the
second
box of your top strip,
create the lightest value you can
I recommend going SLOWLY and using your
4H pencil
Make it close to white, but a little darker
Like this!
Continue this process for each square, making
it a little darker than the one before it
Your last square should be as dark as you can
make it, without pushing hard
Don’t push so hard you make it “shiny” or break
your pencil, rip your paper, etc.
This content explores the importance of value in art, discussing how light and dark affect objects, create contrast, form, texture, and variety in art pieces. It also delves into techniques and tools like graphite, charcoal, shading, and different pencils to create varying tones and effects in drawings.
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Presentation Transcript
Value What is value? Value is how light or dark an object is (or appears to be) Value makes objects appear 3-D when they are truly 2-D (flat)
Create CONTRAST the difference between light and dark Create FORM the illusion of 3D shapes Create TEXTURE the surface quality of an object Create VARIATION using different values to create interest in an art piece; variation in value helps set the mood of the piece
Value Creating Contrast The light hands next to the dark background creates contrast
Value Creating Form Value creates the sense of eggs on otherwise flat paper
Value Creating Texture Value creates the cat s fur
Value Creating Variety The use of different values in the same drawing creates variety
Value scales are named by how many boxes there are One of the most common ways to learn about value is to make a value scale Below is a six-part value scale
GRAPHITE CHARCOAL Charcoal Pencil Vine Charcoal CONTE CRAYON INK PENS Illustration (mm) Pen & Ink (India Ink) TORTILLION/ STUMP (ESTOMPE) ERASERS Rubber (Pink Pearl) Gum Art Eraser Kneaded Eraser White Vinyl Eraser GRAPHITE RANGES: 6H, 4H, 2H, F, HB B, 2B, 4B, 6B
SHADING Use the side of your pencil and a tortillion/blender to bring a range of tones to a drawing
HATCHING Distinct parallel lines close or far in distance to one another to mimic shading Not scribbling, precise and intentional
CROSS-HATCHING Distinct parallel lines and a second set of lines overlapping to create further value Usually on a diagonal
STIPPLING Small dots close together to form dark value and further in distance to create light value Methodical not random points
When drawing, its important to make sure your shading follows the form If your shading doesn t follow the form, it will visually flatten what you worked so hard to make appear 3D
Use a new paper in your sketchbook, a ruler, and a H pencil Create 3 rectangles that are 2 x 8 each 2 wide 8 long
Use the ruler to divide the box into 1 compartments (You ll have 8) 1) Hatching (watch demonstration) 2) Shading 3) Grey Scales (paper)
Starting with the second box of your top strip, create the lightest value you can I recommend going SLOWLY and using your 4H pencil Make it close to white, but a little darker Like this!
Continue this process for each square, making it a little darker than the one before it Your last square should be as dark as you can make it, without pushing hard Don t push so hard you make it shiny or break your pencil, rip your paper, etc.
