Subnet Mask in Network Simulation Course
Computer Techniques Engineering Department
College of Engineering and Technology
Al-Mustaqbal University
Network
S
imulation
C
ourse
BY
Dr.
Muamer N. Mohammed
1
Lecture
9
Subnet
mask
2
Subnet
Mask
•
Determines
which part of
an
IP
address
is the
network field
and which
part
is the
host
field
•
Follow
these
steps to
determine
the subnet
mask
:
–
1. Express the
sub network
IP
address
in binary
form.
–
2.
Replace
the
network
and
subnet
portion
of
the
address with
all
1s.
–
3.
Replace
the
host
portion
of
the
address with
all
0s.
–
4.
Convert
the binary
expression
back
to
dotted-decimal
notation.
–
2
n-2
–
2
m-2
is the
subnet
where
n is
no.
of
bit
borrowed.
m is the
number of bit
in the
new
host
filed
after
borrowing.
3
S
u
b
n
e
t
m
a
s
k
i
n
d
e
c
i
m
a
l
=
2
5
5
.
2
5
5
.
2
4
0
.
0
Subnet
Mask
4
Subnet
questions
Answer
Five
Simple
Questions:
5
Exercise
1:
Your
company
has been given
a 200.10.57.0
network
address.
You
need
to
divide
your network
into
two
subnets (X
and
Y) using
a
router,
Answer
the
following
questions.
1
What
is the
network
class?
2
How
many
bits needed
to
be
borrowed form
the
host
field
to
the
subnet
field.
3
What
is the actual
number of
hosts
per subnet
4-
What
is the
usable
number
of
hosts
per subnet
5-
What
is the
subnet
mask?
6-
What
is the IP
addresses of
the
routers
NICs
at
both subnets.
Assuming
that
routers
NICs
at
subnets
X and Y
takes
the
first
usable
host
IP
addresses
at
the
first
and
second usable subnets
respectively.
6
subnet
mask:
CIDR
Subnet masks
can
be
expressed
in another
form
called
CIDR
(Classless
Inter
Domain
Routing)
subnet portion
of
address
of
arbitrary
length
address
format:
a.b.c.d/x
,
where
x is # of
bits
in
subnet portion
of
address
(1s)
only
We
will
explain
this in
detail
in
later
11001000
00010111
0001000
0
00000000
200.23.16.0/23
s
u
b
n
e
t
part
ho
s
t
part
7
CIDR
For example
the
class
C
network
200.10.157.0
that
is
not
subnetted,
it
has
a
default
subnet
mask
255.255.255.0. this address
can
be
expressed
in
CIDR
notation
in the
form
200.10.157.0/24
8
Default
Subnet
Masks
9
CIDR
Values
10
Sub
netting
chart
table
11
End
End
of
of
Lecture
Lecture
12
Dive into the world of subnet masks and CIDR notations in the context of network simulation. Learn to determine subnet masks, divide networks, and configure routers to optimize network efficiency. Practice subnetting with exercises and explore default subnet masks and CIDR values for enhanced networking knowledge.
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Presentation Transcript
Computer Techniques Engineering Department College of Engineering and Technology Al-Mustaqbal University Network Simulation Course BY Dr. Muamer N. Mohammed 1
Lecture9 Subnetmask 2
SubnetMask Determines which part of an IP address is the network field and whichpart is the hostfield Follow these steps to determine the subnetmask: 1. Express the sub network IP address in binaryform. 2. Replace the network and subnet portion of the address with all1s. 3. Replace the host portion of the address with all0s. 4. Convert the binary expression back to dotted-decimalnotation. 2n-2 2m-2 m is the number of bit in the new host filed after borrowing. is the subnet where n is no. of bitborrowed. 3
SubnetMask Subnet mask in decimal = 255.255.240.0 4
Subnetquestions Answer Five Simple Questions: 5
Exercise 1: Your company has been given a 200.10.57.0 network address. You need to divide your network into two subnets (X and Y) using a router, Answer the following questions. 1 What is the network class? 2 How many bits needed to be borrowed form the host field to the subnet field. 3What is the actual number of hosts per subnet 4- What is the usable number of hosts per subnet 5- What is the subnetmask? 6- What is the IP addresses of the routers NICs at both subnets. Assuming that routers NICs at subnets X and Y takes the first usable host IP addresses at the first and second usable subnetsrespectively. 6
subnet mask: CIDR Subnet masks can be expressed in another form called CIDR (Classless Inter Domain Routing) subnet portion of address of arbitrary length address format: a.b.c.d/x, where x is # of bits in subnet portion of address (1s) only We will explain this in detail in later subnet part host part 11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000 200.23.16.0/23 7
CIDR For example the class C network 200.10.157.0 that is not subnetted, it has a default subnet mask 255.255.255.0. this address can be expressed in CIDR notation in the form 200.10.157.0/24 8
CIDR Values 10
Sub netting chart table Mask 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Sub net maskvalue 128+64+ 32=224 128 128+64 =192 240 248 252 254 255 NetMask C.A/8 /9 /10 /11 /12 /13 /14 /15 /16 NetMask C.B/16 /17 /18 /19 /20 /21 /22 /23 /24 NetMask C.C/24 /25 /26 /27 /28 /29 /30 /31 /32 11
