Statistics Homework Agenda and Classroom Review

In this content, you will find information on a statistics homework agenda covering textbook exercises, AP classroom review topics, warm-up questions related to physical education, and free-response questions for practice. Concepts include observational studies, sampling methods, confounding variables, and survey techniques. Detailed explanations and examples are provided to enhance understanding of statistical principles.

• Statistics
• Homework
• Classroom Review
• Observational Studies
• Sampling Methods

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1. Homework (AP) Textbook: Agenda Pg.228-230 #22, 25a, 27, 29, , 31, 33, 35, 37, 41, 43 AP Classroom (review): Unit 1 MCQ part A #1-12 Unit 1 MCQ part B #1-18 Unit 2 MCQ part A #1-18 Warm Up Check-up Check, copies Window/Door, sampling methods Introduce experiments Update data Confounding variables Common confounding variables Project time (AP) Exit Pass 10 min 10 min Homework (reg) Pg.349 #5.21 Pg.351 #5.31 Pg.364 #5.39 Pg.366 #5.43 10 min 10 min 10 min 15 min 20 min 5 min

2. Warm Up A physical education instructor wants to compare the percentage of body fat for joggers, cyclists, and swimmers. 1. When would this be an observational study and when would it be a designed experiment? 2. What is the response variable? tinyurl.com/602seating You ve heard that RCHS students want a crosswalk painted from the school across Linden (to Target). You want to select a representative sample of the RCHS student body to survey about this issue. 3. Briefly describe how to get a stratified random sample. 4. Briefly describe how to get a cluster sample.

3. Homework (AP) Textbook: Pg.228-230 #22, 25a, 27, 29, , 31, 33, 35, 37, 41, 43 AP Classroom (review): Unit 1 MCQ part A #1-12 Unit 1 MCQ part B #1-18 Unit 2 MCQ part A #1-18

4. Free-response questions Groups of 3. Complete on back of paper, or on separate paper titled FRQ practice . Each student chooses one question. Compare answers. Critique. Trade answers with a group-member. Grade it.

5. FRQ 2004 #2 a. You re only asking the first 100 people who enter the dining hall, so many of them probably know each other, and they re probably early eaters. Not representative. Use systematic sampling instead, ask every 10th person. b. Response bias. By stating a negative consequence after asking the question, the surveyors are decreasing the chances that participants will state that they want the food improved. Eliminate the 2nd half of the sentence, after the comma.

6. FRQ 2008 #2 a. You only get people with strong opinions. b. This doesn t solve the problem at all .you ll still have non-response bias, just twice as many strongly opinionated people. c. Face-to-face interviews. Include the forms in mandatory paperwork at the beginning of the school year. Provide incentives for participating.

7. FRQ 2005 #5 a. Non-response bias, people hang up their phones so you only get strong opinions. OR undercoverage bias, you re only sampling people who have telephones, so it s not a representative sample. c. Stratified sampling by state. Randomly select an equal number of households from each state,

8. Window/Door Let s say I want you to help me predict enrollment in my AP Statistics classes over the next 2 years. I want you to ask a sample of RCHS students about whether they plan to sign up for AP Statistics. List one method (good or bad) of obtaining a representative sample. Describe how you would use that method in the context of this study. State whether this method would be good or bad in this situation.

9. Checkup time

10. Experiments (Finally)

11. Dark Chocolate Actual preference Stated preference Milk Dark Total Milk 28 4 32 Dark 2 9 11 Total 30 13 43 Dark Chocolate Actual preference Stated preference Milk Dark Total Milk Dark Total 20 2 3 5

12. Why did you hold up your fingers? Flavor preference Milk chocolate OR Dark chocolate

13. Why did you hold up your fingers? Flavor preference Not sure what you like?? Choose what you re used to, not what you prefer Lactose-intolerant Prior food rBST? Parents food eaten CHEATING Order Hate fingers Order of tasting Hold breath Prior traumatic experience w/ chocolate Way you taste Sheep Size of piece Desire to be consistent (cognitive dissonance) Texture Self-denial Brand Flavor preference Texture Genetics Pre-existing flavor Peer influence Sense deprivation Ate something before Fear of being different Response bias, LYING Hungry Thirsty Pre-existing expectations % cacao Better flavor Texture (burn) Hunger Water Chocolate chip? Sugar Smell Talking Laughing Pressure, time Cheating Knowledge Not anonymous Lights Air temperature What you were thinking Crumbs Quality of water washing Boredom Dinner Snacks Milk chocolate OR Dark chocolate

14. Notes Confounding( lurking , extraneous ) 1 of 2 A confounding variable is an undesired 3rd variable that influences your treatment and response. Examples: Ice cream causes shark attacks. Larger pant sizes cause salary increases . Experiments control possible confounding variables To control means . 1. Keep consistent (ideal) 2. OR randomize (realistic) Example: Chocolate experiment. What did I control for?

15. Notes Common confounding variables Placebo effect Many subjects respond to any treatment, even fake ones Example: H. K. Beecher evaluated 15 clinical trials concerned with different diseases. 35% of 1,082 patients were satisfactorily relieved just by placebo (Beecher, 1955) SOLUTIONS: Control group a group of patients who receive no treatment. Compare results with treatment group(s) Blinding patients do not know which group they are in Experimenter bias Many experiments want their hypotheses to be confirmed SOLUTION: Double-blinding patients and experimenters do not know groups when giving treatments 2 of 2

16. Example Gastric freezing is a safe and easy treatment for ulcers in the upper intestine, and has been widely used for many years. Patients swallow a deflated balloon with tubes attached, then a refrigerated liquid is pumped through the balloon to relieve ulcers. The Journal of the American Medical Association reported that gastric freezing reduced acid production and ulcer pain in 34% of patients. When a control group received a placebo (at body temperature), 38% had reduced acid production and ulcer pain.

17. Homework (AP) Textbook: Pg.228-230 #22, 25a, 27, 29, , 31, 33, 35, 37, 41, 43 AP Classroom (review): Unit 1 MCQ part A #1-12 Unit 1 MCQ part B #1-18 Unit 2 MCQ part A #1-18 Exit Pass An April 7, 2000 article from the Davis Enterprise, headlined Survey: City people are more prone to illnesses states that City dwellers get sick more often than their rural counterparts. And people who live in areas of high unemployment are more likely to feel unhealthy. These trends were drawn from a five-year study . . . by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1. Observational study or a designed experiment? 2. Briefly describe two other variables that might also cause city dwellers to get sick more often that rural dwellers.