Spanish Rule in Texas: Missions and Presidios
The Spanish rule in Texas from 1682 to 1821 focused on establishing missions and presidios to control the region and counter the threat posed by the French. The missions served to convert Native Americans to Christianity and loyal subjects of Spain, while presidios offered protection. The first missions were built in the 1680s, with Corpus Christi de la Ysleta being among them. This marked the beginning of Spanish influence in Texas.
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Spanish Rule in Texas! Spanish Rule in Texas! 1682 1682- -1821 1821
Focus: Focus:The presidios in an effort to control presidios in an effort to control Texas. Texas. * *Mission Mission- -Presidio System: Presidio System: - -Finding the French fort Finding the French fort built by LaSalle made built by LaSalle made Spanish fearful of the French! Spanish Spanish fearful of the French! Spanish NOT in control! NOT in control! The Spanish built missions and Spanish built missions and
*The mission *The mission- -presidio system: used by presidio system: used by Spanish to gain control in other parts of Spanish to gain control in other parts of the new world. the new world. *A *A mission mission was a settlement set up in was a settlement set up in Indian territory. Indian territory. Friars Friars, or members of clergy who belong to religious groups, clergy who belong to religious groups, invited Indians to live at the missions. invited Indians to live at the missions. *The friars taught them about *The friars taught them about Christianity, the language and customs Christianity, the language and customs of Spain, and Spanish farming methods! of Spain, and Spanish farming methods! , or members of
*The *The goal Native Americans into Christians and Native Americans into Christians and loyal Spanish subjects. loyal Spanish subjects. *Hoped mission by mission, Texas *Hoped mission by mission, Texas would become Spanish. would become Spanish. *A *A presidio presidio protected a mission and protected a mission and offered protection from unfriendly offered protection from unfriendly Indians. Indians. goal of the mission: to transform of the mission: to transform
The First Missions in Texas: The First Missions in Texas: - -In the 1680 s the Spanish tried to In the 1680 s the Spanish tried to settle Texas. settle Texas. - -1682: built the mission of Corpus 1682: built the mission of Corpus Christi de la Ysleta (ees Christi de la Ysleta (ees- -Leh among the Tigua people near present among the Tigua people near present- - day El Paso. day El Paso. Leh- -tah) tah)
Corpus Christi Corpus Christi de la Ysleta de la Ysleta
*There were no Spanish settlers in East *There were no Spanish settlers in East Texas. Texas. *La Salle s arrival turned Spain s *La Salle s arrival turned Spain s mission efforts to east. mission efforts to east. *The missions in the East failed! *The missions in the East failed! WHY??? WHY??? - -Natives never took to the Christian Natives never took to the Christian teachings. teachings. - -Spanish soldiers treated them harshly. Spanish soldiers treated them harshly.
- - American Indians died from disease American Indians died from disease - -Floods destroyed Indians crops. Floods destroyed Indians crops. *Natives blamed events on Spanish and *Natives blamed events on Spanish and plotted to kill them. plotted to kill them. *The Spanish abandoned the missions *The Spanish abandoned the missions and headed west! and headed west!
Missions in the 1700s Missions in the 1700 s *In 1711, Spanish missionary, Father *In 1711, Spanish missionary, Father Francisco Hidalgo wanted to build more Francisco Hidalgo wanted to build more missions in East Texas among Caddo. missions in East Texas among Caddo. *Frenchman Louis St. Denis traveled *Frenchman Louis St. Denis traveled through East Texas w/him and through East Texas w/him and established six Spanish missions and a established six Spanish missions and a presidio presidio including Los Adaes. including Los Adaes.
Los Adaes: Spanish capital of the Los Adaes: Spanish capital of the province of Texas province of Texas Purpose: Help Spanish keep an eye on Purpose: Help Spanish keep an eye on French activity in the area (only 15 French activity in the area (only 15 mi. from French mi. from French settlement of settlement of Natchitoches). Natchitoches). THAT S CLOSE! THAT S CLOSE!
The Chicken War!!! The Chicken War!!! *In 1719, Spain and France at war in *In 1719, Spain and France at war in Europe! Tension spread! Europe! Tension spread! - -Spanish missions in East Texas had few Spanish missions in East Texas had few soldiers to protect them against French soldiers to protect them against French soldiers. soldiers. - -French soldiers raided the mission, Los French soldiers raided the mission, Los Adaes. Adaes. YIKES! YIKES!
*French only found...chickens! *French only found...chickens! - -Took them! Took them! *The squawking chickens startled the *The squawking chickens startled the French soldiers horses . French soldiers horses . *In the confusion, a mission priest *In the confusion, a mission priest escaped and reported the attack. escaped and reported the attack. *People referred to it as the Chicken *People referred to it as the Chicken War (supposed to be funny) War (supposed to be funny) Result: Spanish panicked, retreated to Result: Spanish panicked, retreated to San Antonio de Valero, & abandoned San Antonio de Valero, & abandoned East Texas missions again! Wow! East Texas missions again! Wow!
San Antonio de Valero: (1718) San Antonio de Valero: (1718) *The Spanish picked an area on the San *The Spanish picked an area on the San Antonio river and built mission San Antonio river and built mission San Antonio de Valero as a good halfway Antonio de Valero as a good halfway point between the Rio Grande and E. point between the Rio Grande and E. Texas to stock and send supplies. Texas to stock and send supplies. *Site offered many benefits: location, *Site offered many benefits: location, scenery, abundance of water and fish. scenery, abundance of water and fish. *Built the presidio San Antonio de Bexar *Built the presidio San Antonio de Bexar nearby. nearby.
San Antonio de Valero San Antonio de Valero Became known as: The Alamo Became known as: The Alamo
Missions in Central Texas: Missions in Central Texas: - -Spanish missions faced raids by plains Spanish missions faced raids by plains tribes. tribes. - -Cattle & horses stolen Cattle & horses stolen - -In 1749, the Lipan Apache and Spanish In 1749, the Lipan Apache and Spanish made peace. made peace. - -The Lipans agreed to convert to The Lipans agreed to convert to Christianity if the Spanish protected Christianity if the Spanish protected them from the Comanches! them from the Comanches!
- -Spanish built a mission/presidio for the Spanish built a mission/presidio for the Lipans: Lipans: Mission: Santa Cruz de San Saba Mission: Santa Cruz de San Saba
- -Spanish did not know....the Spanish did not know....the mission was located in Comanche mission was located in Comanche territory! Yikes! territory! Yikes! - -The Lipans hoped to start a war The Lipans hoped to start a war between the Spanish and between the Spanish and Comanche! Comanche! - -The Lipan Apache never really The Lipan Apache never really lived at the mission. lived at the mission.
- -In 1758, about 2,000 Comanches, In 1758, about 2,000 Comanches, Wichitas, and Tonkawas burned Wichitas, and Tonkawas burned down the mission and killed most of down the mission and killed most of the missionaries. the missionaries. - -The mission failed and all sides The mission failed and all sides remained hostile. remained hostile. *Missionaries had less success with *Missionaries had less success with plains tribes. plains tribes.
