South-South Cooperation and Labour Migration
South-South and Triangular
Cooperation and
Labour Migration
Anita Amorim
PARDEV-ESPU/ILO
2020
Development Cooperation and the Global South
Changes in the geopolitical and economic balance of power have brought out
the importance of the
Global South
in the development process and enabled
new actors to shape the development agenda.
Innovative responses to global challenges are now coming from emerging
powers of the South, who are in turn becoming strategic partners for other
developing countries. In the spirit of international solidarity, promoting
sustainable and decent work for all is central to the ILO’s mandate.
What is SSTC?
South-South and Triangular Cooperation
(SSTC) is a
collaboration between equals
based on principles of
horizontality
. It
promotes
mutual exchanges
between
countries of the Global South for
development solutions and it involves a
multiple stakeholder approach.
Principles (BAPA+40/ Nairobi 2009):
Solidarity
National ownership
Mutual benefit
Non conditionality
Complementarity
Respect to national sovereignty and no
interference in domestic issues
Demand-driven
Why is SSTC important?
Positive effects of proximity, be them
cultural, economic, political
or social
, between the countries involved.
Similar development levels, challenges and experiences make good
practices of one country highly
adaptable
to another country in the
Global South
Sharing and adapting
evidence-based
good practices is a profitable
approach do development challenges
Common issues often call for
joint actions
South-South migration (mostly cross-border and interregional)
estimated at minimum 50% of overall labour migration
Modalities
South-South Cooperation (SSC):
Cooperation between two or more
countries from the Global South
Triangular Cooperation
: SSC with the support of a partner from the
Global North.
Support from the Northern partner can be in the form of
a financial contribution or technical expertise.
It must be
demand-driven
, led by developing countries
and aligned with their national priorities
Must respect the SSTC principles of
horizontality
Sub-Modalities
Country to Country:
between two countries of the Global South
Regional/Subregional Cooperation:
South-South exchanges and
associations in the regional or subregional level
City-to-City Cooperation (C2C):
SSC between different cities in the Global
South
Fragile-to-Fragile Cooperation (F2F):
SSC between countries in facing
fragility.
Cooperation between Small Island Developing States
(SIDS-to-SIDS)
SSTC in action: mechanisms
Scholarships
Postgrad
scholarships
Apprenticeships
Experts/personnel
exchange
Training of trainers
Study tours
International
workshops/fora
Communities of
practice
Actors involved
Under the ILO’s tripartite structure, governments, workers’ and employers’
organizations are formally part of the implementation process
Regional and International Organizations
Bilateral agencies
Academic Institutions
National institutions and networks
SSTC in the ILO
In
March 2012
the ILO Governing Body endorsed the paper South–South and
triangular cooperation: The way forward, and became one of the first UN agencies
with a South-South cooperation strategy.
The strategy was reviewed in
March 2018
and complemented with future steps,
that include a wider engagement with our social partners, the governments of the
Global South, as well as developed countries through triangular cooperation.
The ILO has for several decades collaborated closely with regional organizations and
initiatives, such as the CPLP, MERCOSUR, ASEAN, ECOWAS and the Regional
Initiative for Combatting Child Labour.
The role of the ILO
The ILO brings tripartite constituents together and acts as a facilitator to set
cooperation strategies
The ILO documents and disseminates a wide range of knowledge (compilation
of good practices, knowledge exchange platforms and forums)
The ILO forges inclusive partnerships and sets strategic alliances with the
purpose of transferring expertise
The ILO follows-up and reports on major inter-governmental decisions
regarding South-South and triangular cooperation
SSTC in the ILO
South-South
Meeting Point
SSTC and Labour Migration
South-South and Triangular Cooperation is fundamental for developing
joint action on labour migration policies
SSTC can bring together migrant workers, employers and sending and
receiving countries based on principles of horizontality, solidarity and
mutual benefit
Guaranteeing migrant workers’ rights and access to decent work,
especially (but not only) in relation to growing South-South migration
flows
Example:
Promoting Development Initiatives for
Migrant workers through SSTC
•
SSTC supported greater cooperation between unions and organizations of migrant
workers in Senegal and Mauritania, and strengthen their ability to provide specialized
support services to its members. Activities included:
•
Creation of two networks of trainers
: Interunion and Diaspora network for Migrants and
Youth support (Ridam Senegal), and the National Organizations network for Migrants and
Youth support (RONDAM Mauritania).
•
Migrants in Mauritania and Senegal were trained on employability
;
•
A
regional workshop on dissemination of financial education tools
, with exchanges
between various Senegalese, Mauritanian and Moroccan institutions on financial
education programmes, the processes of adaptation and introduction within each
context.
Example:
SSTC for Fair Recruitment of Guatemalan
Migrant Workers in Mexico
•
In 2015, the ILO offered technical support and intermediated SSTC exchanges
between Guatemala and Mexico under the framework of Fair Recruitment. Activities
included:
•
The creation of intergovernmental working groups
•
Binational workshops
•
The implementation of a joint program for temporary migrant workers
•
Establishment of a binational standard for registration for recruitment agencies
•
Awareness-raising campaigns for providing migrant workers with information on
their rights.
Example: ASEAN Forum on Migrant Labour (AFML)
•
The AFML is an annual and institutionalized multi-stakeholder forum in the ASEAN
supported by the ILO and IOM
•
The AFML serves as a platform to discuss, share experiences, and build consensus on
migrant worker issues committed under the 2007 ASEAN Declaration on the
Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers and the 2017 ASEAN
Consensus on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers.
•
13th AFML, November 2020:Ten ASEAN MS, social partners and CSOs adopted 12
recommendations on pandemic response and building back better
Example: Labour Mobility in Pacific Island
Countries (PICs)
Intra-Pacific Labour Mobility:
•
Despite an absence of reliable data, intra-regional migration flows are known to
already exist.
•
Fijians have been able to find employment in several PICs and in various occupations
and industries.
•
The Skills Movement Scheme (SMS) under the Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG)
was introduced in 2012.
•
There is potential for increasing intra-Pacific labour mobility
Climate Change, Migration and South-South
Cooperation: a Small Islands Perspective
Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are particularly vulnerable to climate
hazards, which are increasingly drivers of internal and international
migration and displacement, including between SIDS
This creates new challenges for sending and receiving countries, requiring
strong partnerships for development cooperation to build sustainable and
resilient communities and support those facing forced climate migration.
SSTC, and particularly SIDS-to-SIDS cooperation, can be a key mechanism
for joint actions and developing new solutions
Example: Caribbean Planning for Adaptation to
Global Climate Change Project
In 2002, the Caribbean Planning for Adaptation to Global Climate
Change Project brought together ten Caribbean countries (SIDS) to
outline their climate change vulnerabilities and concerns.
A 2002 report on the regional synthesis of the vulnerability and
adaptation addressed issues such as increase of tropical storms,
droughts, impact on water resources, agriculture and ecosystem, as well
as impact on tourism industry, central to their economies
Example: Peer Learning Seminar on a Just
Transition and Climate Resilience in Samoa
In September 2018, ILO Regional Learning Workshop for Climate Change and
Decent Work held in Apia, Suva focused on topics related to Climate Change and
Decent Work in the Pacific.
Provided tools for disaster preparedness, identifying business opportunities in
local public works to prevent disasters, and promoting entrepreneurship on
areas related to climate resilience.
Good practices and lessons within Samoa and beyond in the Pacific countries
were disseminated through peer learning and later show-cased in the Global
South-South Development Expo 2018.
Changes in the global balance of power have highlighted the importance of the Global South in development. South-South Cooperation (SSC) emphasizes mutual benefit and solidarity among countries of the Global South, promoting sustainable development solutions. SSC, including Triangular Cooperation, facilitates sharing best practices and addressing common challenges, with an emphasis on national ownership and non-conditionality. Proximity and shared experiences make SSC an effective approach to tackling development issues.
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Presentation Transcript
South-South and Triangular Cooperation and Labour Migration Anita Amorim PARDEV-ESPU/ILO 2020
Development Cooperation and the Global South Changes in the geopolitical and economic balance of power have brought out the importance of the Global South in the development process and enabled new actors to shape the development agenda. Innovative responses to global challenges are now coming from emerging powers of the South, who are in turn becoming strategic partners for other developing countries. In the spirit of international solidarity, promoting sustainable and decent work for all is central to the ILO s mandate.
What is SSTC? Solidarity South-South and Triangular Cooperation National ownership (SSTC) is a collaboration between equals Mutual benefit based on principles of horizontality. It Non conditionality promotes mutual exchanges between Complementarity countries of the Global South for Respect to national sovereignty and no interference in domestic issues development solutions and it involves a Demand-driven multiple stakeholder approach. Principles (BAPA+40/ Nairobi 2009):
Why is SSTC important? Positive effects of proximity, be them cultural, economic, political or social, between the countries involved. Similar development levels, challenges and experiences make good practices of one country highly adaptable to another country in the Global South Sharing and adapting evidence-based good practices is a profitable approach do development challenges Common issues often call for joint actions South-South migration (mostly cross-border and interregional) estimated at minimum 50% of overall labour migration
Modalities South-South Cooperation (SSC): Cooperation between two or more countries from the Global South Triangular Cooperation: SSC with the support of a partner from the Global North. Support from the Northern partner can be in the form of a financial contribution or technical expertise. It must be demand-driven, led by developing countries and aligned with their national priorities Must respect the SSTC principles of horizontality
Sub-Modalities Country to Country: between two countries of the Global South Regional/Subregional Cooperation: South-South exchanges and associations in the regional or subregional level City-to-City Cooperation (C2C): SSC between different cities in the Global South Fragile-to-Fragile Cooperation (F2F): SSC between countries in facing fragility. Cooperation between Small Island Developing States (SIDS-to-SIDS)
SSTC in action: mechanisms International workshops/fora Postgrad scholarships Apprenticeships Scholarships Creating and strengthening networks and platforms Exchange of experiences and good practices Establishing alliances and associations Capacity- development Communities of practice Experts/personnel exchange Study tours Training of trainers
Actors involved Under the ILO s tripartite structure, governments, workers and employers organizations are formally part of the implementation process Regional and International Organizations Bilateral agencies Academic Institutions National institutions and networks
SSTC in the ILO In March 2012 the ILO Governing Body endorsed the paper South South and triangular cooperation: The way forward, and became one of the first UN agencies with a South-South cooperation strategy. The strategy was reviewed in March 2018 and complemented with future steps, that include a wider engagement with our social partners, the governments of the Global South, as well as developed countries through triangular cooperation. The ILO has for several decades collaborated closely with regional organizations and initiatives, such as the CPLP, MERCOSUR, ASEAN, ECOWAS and the Regional Initiative for Combatting Child Labour.
The role of the ILO The ILO brings tripartite constituents together and acts as a facilitator to set cooperation strategies The ILO documents and disseminates a wide range of knowledge (compilation of good practices, knowledge exchange platforms and forums) The ILO forges inclusive partnerships and sets strategic alliances with the purpose of transferring expertise The ILO follows-up and reports on major inter-governmental decisions regarding South-South and triangular cooperation
SSTC in the ILO Fighting child labour and supporting City-to-City Cooperation, SSE and LED Fragile-to- Fragile Cooperation Labour Migration youth Social Protection Floors, Public Employment Green Jobs and Sustainable Development Social Dialogue
South-South Meeting Point Online platform of the ILO to share theoretical and practical information on South-South and Triangular and discuss different topics on the world of work with employers and workers representatives, governments, academia, civil society and others from the Global South. Click here to acces: Espa ol | Fran ais | English Online platform of the ILO to share theoretical and practical information on South-South and Triangular and discuss different topics on the world of work with employers and workers representatives, governments, academia, civil society and others from the Global South. Click here to acces: Espa ol | Fran ais | English
SSTC and Labour Migration South-South and Triangular Cooperation is fundamental for developing joint action on labour migration policies SSTC can bring together migrant workers, employers and sending and receiving countries based on principles of horizontality, solidarity and mutual benefit Guaranteeing migrant workers rights and access to decent work, especially (but not only) in relation to growing South-South migration flows
Example: Promoting Development Initiatives for Migrant workers through SSTC SSTC supported greater cooperation between unions and organizations of migrant workers in Senegal and Mauritania, and strengthen their ability to provide specialized support services to its members. Activities included: Creation of two networks of trainers: Interunion and Diaspora network for Migrants and Youth support (Ridam Senegal), and the National Organizations network for Migrants and Youth support (RONDAM Mauritania). Migrants in Mauritania and Senegal were trained on employability; A regional workshop on dissemination of financial education tools, with exchanges between various Senegalese, Mauritanian and Moroccan institutions on financial education programmes, the processes of adaptation and introduction within each context.
Example: SSTC for Fair Recruitment of Guatemalan Migrant Workers in Mexico In 2015, the ILO offered technical support and intermediated SSTC exchanges between Guatemala and Mexico under the framework of Fair Recruitment. Activities included: The creation of intergovernmental working groups Binational workshops The implementation of a joint program for temporary migrant workers Establishment of a binational standard for registration for recruitment agencies Awareness-raising campaigns for providing migrant workers with information on their rights.
Example: ASEAN Forum on Migrant Labour (AFML) The AFML is an annual and institutionalized multi-stakeholder forum in the ASEAN supported by the ILO and IOM The AFML serves as a platform to discuss, share experiences, and build consensus on migrant worker issues committed under the 2007 ASEAN Declaration on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers and the 2017 ASEAN Consensus on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers. 13th AFML, November 2020:Ten ASEAN MS, social partners and CSOs adopted 12 recommendations on pandemic response and building back better
Example: Labour Mobility in Pacific Island Countries (PICs) Intra-Pacific Labour Mobility: Despite an absence of reliable data, intra-regional migration flows are known to already exist. Fijians have been able to find employment in several PICs and in various occupations and industries. The Skills Movement Scheme (SMS) under the Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) was introduced in 2012. There is potential for increasing intra-Pacific labour mobility
Climate Change, Migration and South-South Cooperation: a Small Islands Perspective Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are particularly vulnerable to climate hazards, which are increasingly drivers of internal and international migration and displacement, including between SIDS This creates new challenges for sending and receiving countries, requiring strong partnerships for development cooperation to build sustainable and resilient communities and support those facing forced climate migration. SSTC, and particularly SIDS-to-SIDS cooperation, can be a key mechanism for joint actions and developing new solutions
Example: Caribbean Planning for Adaptation to Global Climate Change Project In 2002, the Caribbean Planning for Adaptation to Global Climate Change Project brought together ten Caribbean countries (SIDS) to outline their climate change vulnerabilities and concerns. A 2002 report on the regional synthesis of the vulnerability and adaptation addressed issues such as increase of tropical storms, droughts, impact on water resources, agriculture and ecosystem, as well as impact on tourism industry, central to their economies
Example: Peer Learning Seminar on a Just Transition and Climate Resilience in Samoa In September 2018, ILO Regional Learning Workshop for Climate Change and Decent Work held in Apia, Suva focused on topics related to Climate Change and Decent Work in the Pacific. Provided tools for disaster preparedness, identifying business opportunities in local public works to prevent disasters, and promoting entrepreneurship on areas related to climate resilience. Good practices and lessons within Samoa and beyond in the Pacific countries were disseminated through peer learning and later show-cased in the Global South-South Development Expo 2018.
