Shear Strength in Engineering Materials
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Definition
- What does Shear Strength mean?
Shear strength is a material's ability to resist forces that
can cause the internal structure of the material to slide
against itself.
Adhesives tend to have high shear strength.
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Shear strength
is the
maximum shear stress
which a
material can withstand without rupture.
It is the
maximum load required
to cut off a specimen
in such a way that the resulting pieces are entirely clear
of each other.
It is thus the definitive strength of a material exposed to
shear loading.
This is experienced just before a material ruptures.
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In
engineering
,
shear strength
is the strength of a material or
component against the type of
yield
or
structural failure
when the material or component fails in
shear
.
A
shear load
is a
force
that tends to produce a sliding failure
on a material along a plane that is parallel to the direction of
the force.
When a paper is cut with scissors, the paper fails in shear.
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In structural and mechanical engineering, the
shear strength
of a component is important for designing the dimensions
and materials to be used for the manufacture or construction
of the component (e.g. beams, plates, or bolts).
In a reinforced concrete beam, the main purpose of
reinforcing bar stirrups is to increase the shear strength.
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For shear stress τ (tau) applies
τ = σ 1 − σ 3
/
2
where
σ 1
is major principal stress and
σ 3
is minor principal stress.
In general:
ductile
materials (e.g. aluminum) fail in shear,
whereas
brittle
materials (e.g. cast iron) fail in tension.
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To calculate:
Given total force at failure (F) and the force-resisting area
(e.g. the cross-section of a bolt loaded in shear), ultimate
shear strength (
τ
) is:
τ =
F / A = F
π
/
r
2
= 4 F/
π
d
2
Where: A is the cross sectional area,
r is the radius,
d is the diameter
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Coulomb friction is a simplified quantification of the friction
force that exists between two dry surfaces in contact with
each other.
All friction calculations are approximations, and this
measurement, which was developed in 1785 by Charles-
Augustin de Coulomb as a refinement of Leonardo da Vinci's
classical model, is dependent only on the fundamental
principles of motion.
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It assumes that the contact surfaces are fairly
uniform and that the coefficient of friction that must
be overcome for motion to begin is well-established
for the materials in contact.
It also accounts for the normal force involving
gravitational pull, whether in direct horizontal
movement to the normal force or at a vectored
incline.
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where
τ
p
is peak shear strength
c
is cohesion
σ
n
is the normal stress
Φ
p
is peak friction angle
τ
r
is residual shear strength
Φ
r
is residual friction angle
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where
τr
is residual shear strength
σn
is the normal stress
Φb
is basic friction angle
=
Φ
r
residual friction angle
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Pore water pressure
(sometimes abbreviated to
pwp
)
refers to the
pressure
of
groundwater
held within a
soil
or
rock
, in gaps between particles (
pores
).
Pore water pressures below the
phreatic
level of the
groundwater
are measured with
piezometers
.
The vertical pore water pressure distribution in
aquifers
can generally be assumed to be close to
hydrostatic
.
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Joint Roughness
Coefficient (JRC)
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JCS=
Joint
Comp.
Strength
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Shear strength is a crucial mechanical property that defines a material's ability to resist forces causing internal structure to slide. This property plays a significant role in various engineering fields, impacting design, construction, and material selection. Shear strength is essential in preventing structural failures and ensuring the durability of components.
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Presentation Transcript
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Rock Mechanics TEC 18 Professor, Dr. Hamed M. Jassim Week 6 Shear Strength Properties
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Definition - What does Shear Strength mean? Shear strength is a material's ability to resist forces that can cause the internal structure of the material to slide against itself. Adhesives tend to have high shear strength.
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Shear strength is the maximum shear stress which a material can withstand without rupture. It is the maximum load required to cut off a specimen in such a way that the resulting pieces are entirely clear of each other. It is thus the definitive strength of a material exposed to shear loading. This is experienced just before a material ruptures.
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY In engineering, shear strength is the strength of a material or component against the type of yield orstructural failure when the material or component fails in shear. A shear load is a force that tends to produce a sliding failure on a material along a plane that is parallel to the direction of the force. When a paper is cut with scissors, the paper fails in shear.
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY In structural and mechanical engineering, the shear strength of a component is important for designing the dimensions and materials to be used for the manufacture or construction of the component (e.g. beams, plates, or bolts). In a reinforced concrete beam, the main purpose of reinforcing bar stirrups is to increase the shear strength.
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY For shear stress (tau) applies = 1 3/ 2 where 1 is major principal stress and 3 is minor principal stress. In general: ductile materials (e.g. aluminum) fail in shear, whereas brittle materials (e.g. cast iron) fail in tension.
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY To calculate: Given total force at failure (F) and the force-resisting area (e.g. the cross-section of a bolt loaded in shear), ultimate shear strength ( ) is: = F / A = F / r2 = 4 F/ d 2 Where: A is the cross sectional area, r is the radius, d is the diameter
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Coulomb friction is a simplified quantification of the friction force that exists between two dry surfaces in contact with each other. All friction calculations are approximations, and this measurement, which was developed in 1785 by Charles- Augustin de Coulomb as a refinement of Leonardo da Vinci's classical model, is dependent only on the fundamental principles of motion.
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY It assumes that the contact surfaces are fairly uniform and that the coefficient of friction that must be overcome for motion to begin is well-established for the materials in contact. It also accounts for the normal force involving gravitational pull, whether in direct horizontal movement to the normal force or at a vectored incline.
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY where p is peak shear strength c is cohesion n is the normal stress p is peak friction angle r is residual shear strength r is residual friction angle
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY where ris residual shear strength nis the normal stress bis basic friction angle = r residual friction angle
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Pore water pressure (sometimes abbreviated to pwp) refers to the pressure of groundwater held within a soil or rock, in gaps between particles (pores). Pore water pressures below the phreatic level of the groundwater are measured with piezometers. The vertical pore water pressure distribution in aquifers can generally be assumed to be close to hydrostatic.
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC)
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY JCS= Joint Comp. Strength
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
