Shallow Habitats Data Analysis & Project Updates

Conducting initial data analysis in shallow habitats to understand factors affecting phytoplankton composition and dissolved oxygen levels. Priority issues include assessing biomass signals, harmful algal blooms, and the role of nutrients. Key questions focus on low dissolved oxygen impact on fish and benthos in sloughs and former salt ponds of LSB. Efforts include data gathering and mechanistic analysis to address these critical environmental concerns.

• Data analysis
• Shallow habitats
• Phytoplankton
• Dissolved oxygen
• Environmental research

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1. DO in shallow habitats: initial data analysis and next steps and, time permitting, CY2013/FY2014 project updates David Senn and Emily Novick davids@sfei.org Image: C. Benton

2. Highest Priority Issues CM report Determine whether increasing biomass signals future impairment Characterize/quantify factors that adversely affect phytoplankton composition, including harmful algal blooms Determine if low DO in shallow habitats causes impairment Quantify role of nutrients Test future scenarios that may lead to worsening conditions Quantify nutrient contributions to different areas of the Bay Test mitigation/prevention scenarios

3. DO in Sloughs and Former Salt Ponds of LSB Key Questions Is low DO occurring? Worse than natural conditions? Frequency, duration, severity Limiting habitat for fish and benthos? Mechanisms ? Anthropogenic nutrients? Salt ponds?

4. Why do we care?

5. Why do we care? Fish like O2, and some need more than others Species A DO Species D Species C T

6. Dissolved Oxygen (%sat) in Lower South Bay **Deep subtidal** 100 80 60 40 2010 1995 2005 2000 Pulse of the Bay (2013) Data: USGS

7. DO in Sloughs and Former Salt Ponds of LSB Approach Report #1 Data gathering, cleaning Basic data analysis <5mg L-1 <2.8 mg L-1 SFEI (Jabusch et al.) Report #2 Mechanistic analysis SFEI + USGS (Downing-Kunz, Senn )

8. Dissolved oxygen data in LSB and South Bay margins Continuous Discrete

9. DO in Sloughs and Former Salt Ponds (data = 2004-2012) %Time below 5 mg L-1 100 80 60 40 20 0 Former Salt Ponds n=14 Sloughs n=10 SFEI (2013)

10. Data Availability: color = frequency < 5 mg L-1 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Creeks/sloughs Ponds

11. exchange Major factors influencing DO organic matter (+) Photosynthesis [DO] tides, flows [DO] ( - ) respiration mid-day max Photosynthesis: Respiration: ~constant Tides: semi-diurnal, spring/neap

12. Alviso Slough: June 2012 April 2013 10 8 4 Data: M Downing-Kunz, USGS 0

13. Alviso Slough: June 2012 April 2013 10 8 4 Data: M Downing-Kunz, USGS 0

14. Tides vs. DO production vs. DO consumption.Who wins? Time of Day Jun 15 2012 Sep 14 2013 Date

15. Tides vs. DO production vs. DO consumption.Who wins? Time of Day Jun 15 2012 Sep 14 2013 Date Data: M Downing-Kunz, USGS Mean = 3.9 mg L-1

16. Depth Time of Day Jun 15 2012 Sep 14 2013 Data: M Downing-Kunz, USGS Data: M Downing-Kunz, USGS

17. DO with Depth Overlay Time of Day Jun 15 2012 Sep 14 2013 Date Data: M Downing-Kunz, USGS Mean = 3.9 mg L-1

18. DO with Depth Overlay Time of Day Jun 15 2012 Sep 14 2013 Date Data: M Downing-Kunz, USGS Mean = 3.9 mg L-1

19. Tides vs. production vs. consumption.Who wins? Time of Day Jun 15 2012 Apr 9 2013 Date Data: M Downing-Kunz, USGS

20. Data: M Downing-Kunz, USGS

21. Data Availability: color = frequency < 5 mg L-1 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Creeks/sloughs Ponds