Sentence Patterns in English and Arabic
The sentence
p.12 in the book
Sentence Elements and Patterns
Sentence Elements and Patterns
Sentence is divided into three types according to
the number of clauses it contains:
1.simple (which consists of one clause)
2. compound (which consists of two independent
clauses).
2. complex (which consists of more than one
clause where just on of them is independent)
4. complex-compound (which combines the two)
Examples
A simple sentence
John arrived late
A compound sentence
John arrived late and
he was very tired
A complex sentence
John who is my friend
arrived late
.
A compound-complex
sentence
John who is my friend
arrived late and he was
very tired
The focus of the present chapter is on
simple sentence only because the
other types will be dealt with in other
chapters.
English Sentence Elements and
Patterns
The simple declarative sentence in English can consist
of the following elements:
1.Subject (S)
2. Verb (V)
3. Object (O)
4. Complement (C)
5. Adverbial (A)
The five elements mentioned earlier can combine
according to the following eight basic sentence patterns:
1.
SV:
John left.
2. SVO:
Mary bought a car
3. SV Oi Od:
She gave me a book
.
4. SVA:
John is here.
5. SVC:
The teacher became impatient
.
6. SVOC:
They have elected John president
.
7. SVOC:
She put the vase on the table
.
8. SVSC:
There is a man at the door.
Arabic elements and sentence
patterns
It has to noted that Arabic sentence is classified in to
two types according to the element that occupies the
initial position in it : verbal
فعليه
and nominal
اسمية
A verbal sentence begins with a verb.
ق
رأت الدرس
صمم الخبراء المشروع
A nominal sentence begins with a noun.
المشروع ناجح
تصميمك على النجاح يعجبني.
Elements of the Arabic verbal
sentence
Verb
Subject
Object
Adverbial
V
S
O
A
These elements may combine to form the following basic
sentence patterns:
1. VS
2. VSO
3. VSOO
4. VSOOO
5. VSA
6. VSOA
7. VOSOA
نام الولد
شرب الطفل الحليب
أعطى المعلم الطالب قلما
أعلم المعلم الطلاب الامتحان سهلا
ذهب الولد الى المدرسة
وضع الطباخ اللحم على النار
أعطاني محمدٌ قلما
Elements of the Arabic Nominal
Sentence
It consists of a
Topic
مبتدأ
and a
Comment
خبر
The Topic
must be a
nominal element
whereas the Comment can be a
noun
, an
adjective
, a
phrase
, a
nominal sentence
,
or a
verbal sentence.
Examples of a Comment
خبر
in
Arabic
Noun
Adjective
Prepositional phrase
Locative adverb
Temporal adverb
Nominal sentence
Verbal sentence
العلم نور
الاسعار مرتفعه
الحمد لله
الكرة تحت الطاولة
الاجتماع غدا
محمد أخوه شهيد
الطبيب حضر مبكرا
A contrast of Sentence Elements
and Patterns in English and Arabic
English
Arabic
1.
E has specific
sentence
elements and
patterns.
2. E has S,V,O,
A,C
1.
The same
The same
The Differences
1.In English, the syntactic
functions of sentence elements
are determined by word order.
2. English has only verbal
sentence.
3. English has no complete
SVO
realized by one word.
4. E allows an indefinite noun to
occur initially a copulative
sentence:
A man in the house.
1. In Arabic, these functions are
marked by case endings that are
retained that are retained by the
elements regardless of their position
in the sentence.
2. Arabic has two types of sentences
,verbal and nominal.
3. Arabic has a complete sentence
realized by one word ,e.g.
ساعداها
4. Arabic allows only definite in
this position:
في الدار رجل
The
Differences
English
Arabic
5. E allows the compounding
of nominal phrase modifiers
I like the color, shape, and
size of the toy.
6. E verbs are not tritransitive
7. In E simple declarative
sentences , the subject is an
obligatory realized element.
Ali entered the house.
5. Arabic doesn’t allow such
compounding
6. A are tritransitive,i.e. are
followed by three direct
objects (VSOOO)
7. In Arabic ,the subject may
be over or covert
دخل علي البيت
دخ
ل البيت
Thank you
Explore the classification of sentences, elements, and patterns in English and Arabic languages. English sentences are categorized based on clauses, while Arabic sentences are classified by initial elements. Learn about the basic sentence patterns and the combination of elements in both languages.
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Presentation Transcript
The sentence p.12 in the book
Sentence Elements and Patterns Sentence is divided into three types according to the number of clauses it contains: 1.simple (which consists of one clause) 2. compound (which consists of two independent clauses). 2. complex (which consists of more than one clause where just on of them is independent) 4. complex-compound (which combines the two)
Examples A complex sentence A simple sentence John arrived late John who is my friend arrived late . A compound-complex sentence John who is my friend arrived late and he was very tired A compound sentence John arrived late and he was very tired
The focus of the present chapter is on simple sentence only because the other types will be dealt with in other chapters.
English Sentence Elements and Patterns The simple declarative sentence in English can consist of the following elements: 1.Subject (S) 2. Verb (V) 3. Object (O) 4. Complement (C) 5. Adverbial (A)
The five elements mentioned earlier can combine according to the following eight basic sentence patterns: 1. SV: John left. 2. SVO: Mary bought a car 3. SV Oi Od: She gave me a book. 4. SVA: John is here. 5. SVC: The teacher became impatient. 6. SVOC: They have elected John president. 7. SVOC: She put the vase on the table. 8. SVSC: There is a man at the door.
Arabic elements and sentence patterns It has to noted that Arabic sentence is classified in to two types according to the element that occupies the initial position in it : verbal and nominal A verbal sentence begins with a verb. A nominal sentence begins with a noun. .
Elements of the Arabic verbal sentence Verb V Subject S Object O Adverbial A
These elements may combine to form the following basic sentence patterns: 1. VS 2. VSO 3. VSOO 4. VSOOO 5. VSA 6. VSOA 7. VOSOA
Elements of the Arabic Nominal Sentence It consists of a Topic and a Comment The Topicmust be a nominal element whereas the Comment can be a noun , an adjective, a phrase , a nominal sentence , or a verbal sentence.
Examples of a Comment in Arabic Noun Adjective Prepositional phrase Locative adverb Temporal adverb Nominal sentence Verbal sentence
A contrast of Sentence Elements and Patterns in English and Arabic English Arabic 1. E has specific sentence elements and patterns. 1. The same 2. E has S,V,O, A,C The same
The Differences 1. In Arabic, these functions are marked by case endings that are retained that are retained by the elements regardless of their position in the sentence. 2. Arabic has two types of sentences ,verbal and nominal. 3. Arabic has a complete sentence realized by one word ,e.g. 1.In English, the syntactic functions of sentence elements are determined by word order. 2. English has only verbal sentence. 3. English has no complete SVO realized by one word. 4. E allows an indefinite noun to occur initially a copulative sentence: A man in the house. 4. Arabic allows only definite in this position:
The Differences English Arabic 5. E allows the compounding of nominal phrase modifiers I like the color, shape, and size of the toy. 6. E verbs are not tritransitive 7. In E simple declarative sentences , the subject is an obligatory realized element. Ali entered the house. 5. Arabic doesn t allow such compounding 6. A are tritransitive,i.e. are followed by three direct objects (VSOOO) 7. In Arabic ,the subject may be over or covert
