Safety, Risk, and Development in Educational Environments
Hosted
by
Dr. William J. Frey
Safety and
Risk
Educational
Laptops
Bus and Nat
Env
Therac-25
Row 1, Col 1
A thing’s risks are fully known
and judged acceptable in light
of accepted value principals.
What is safety?
1,2
These laptops are designed for use
by children in developing nations.
What are the MIT latops?
1,3
The study of how living
things—plants and animals—interact
with one another in the Earth’s
unified natural system, or ecosystem.
What is ecology?
1,4
The Therac-25 machine at this
institution was put back into
operation on April 7, 1986. Four
days later, another patient com-
plained of burns.
What is ETCC or the East Texas Cancer Center?
2,1
The scientific and exact process of
determining the degree of risk.
What is a risk assessment?
2,2
Physical surroundings (like a
classroom) enable or
instrument certain kinds of actions
while they block or constrain
other kinds.
What is one way Socio-Technical Systems embody
values?
2,3
Development that “meets the needs
of the present [generation] without
compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
What is sustainable development?
2,4
A race condition produced
demands which exceeded the
memory and processing capacities
of the computer controls.
What was the central flaw in the design of the software
controls developed for the Therac-25 machine?
3,1
How people view risk depends
on its voluntariness, the control
they have over it, certain dread,
and unknown factors, and the
benefits they expect from it.
What is the Risk Perception?
3,2
This court decision found the
state of Texas guilty of
inequitable education funding.
What is Edgewood Decision of 1967?
3,3
In this view, the world’s
resource base, the air, soil,
minerals, and so forth, is
essentially finite, or bounded.
What is set forth by the notion of limited carrying
capacity?
3,4
Double pass electron accelerator,
dual mode, and more computer
control.
What are three new features offered by the Therac-25
units over the previous 20 and 6 models?
4,1
The potential that something
unwanted and harmful may
occur.
What is risk?
4,2
Laptops allow for digitalizing
textbooks, graduating
computer-literate students,
and solving the digital-divide.
What is were advantages cited for the Texas Laptop
project?
4,3
This term refers to the amount of
land and water a human
population needs to produce the
resources it consumes and to absorb
its wastes, given prevailing
technology.
What is the ecological footprint?
4,4
This presented a serious obstacle
to identifying and solving the
central problem in the
Therac-25 Case.
What is the lack of communication between stakeholders
on the operational history of the Therac-25 unit?
5,1
“Subjects, to the degree that they are
capable, [should] be given the
opportunity to choose what shall
or shall not happen to them.”
What, according to the Belmont Report, is informed
consent?
5,2
Instead of properly disposing of spent laptop
and desktop computers, many so-called re-
cycling companies send these parts to
developing nations where valuable metals
are mined and the other parts carelessly cast
into dumps, irrigation canals, and rivers.
What is exporting harm?
5,3
Three hundred million of these
become obsolete every year, making
this the fastest-growing part of
the waste stream.
What is electronic waste?
5,4
New responsibilities delegated to
the software controls in the
Therac-25 model.
What are monitoring machine status, accepting treatment
input, and setting up machine for treatment?
Explore topics such as safety, risk assessment, ecology, sustainable development, and system flaws through examples like the Therac-25 machine and educational laptops. Learn about the connection between socio-technical systems, values, and the MIT laptops designed for children in developing nations.
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Presentation Transcript
Jeopardy Hosted by Dr. William J. Frey
Educational Laptops Bus and Nat Env Therac-25 Safety and Risk 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500
What is safety? A thing s risks are fully known and judged acceptable in light of accepted value principals. Row 1, Col 1
What are the MIT latops? These laptops are designed for use by children in developing nations. 1,2
What is ecology? The study of how living things plants and animals interact with one another in the Earth s unified natural system, or ecosystem. 1,3
What is ETCC or the East Texas Cancer Center? The Therac-25 machine at this institution was put back into operation on April 7, 1986. Four days later, another patient com- plained of burns. 1,4
What is a risk assessment? The scientific and exact process of determining the degree of risk. 2,1
What is one way Socio-Technical Systems embody values? Physical surroundings (like a classroom) enable or instrument certain kinds of actions while they block or constrain other kinds. 2,2
What is sustainable development? Development that meets the needs of the present [generation] without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 2,3
What was the central flaw in the design of the software controls developed for the Therac-25 machine? A race condition produced demands which exceeded the memory and processing capacities of the computer controls. 2,4
What is the Risk Perception? How people view risk depends on its voluntariness, the control they have over it, certain dread, and unknown factors, and the benefits they expect from it. 3,1
What is Edgewood Decision of 1967? This court decision found the state of Texas guilty of inequitable education funding. 3,2
What is set forth by the notion of limited carrying capacity? In this view, the world s resource base, the air, soil, minerals, and so forth, is essentially finite, or bounded. 3,3
What are three new features offered by the Therac-25 units over the previous 20 and 6 models? Double pass electron accelerator, dual mode, and more computer control. 3,4
What is risk? The potential that something unwanted and harmful may occur. 4,1
What is were advantages cited for the Texas Laptop project? Laptops allow for digitalizing textbooks, graduating computer-literate students, and solving the digital-divide. 4,2
What is the ecological footprint? This term refers to the amount of land and water a human population needs to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb its wastes, given prevailing technology. 4,3
What is the lack of communication between stakeholders on the operational history of the Therac-25 unit? This presented a serious obstacle to identifying and solving the central problem in the Therac-25 Case. 4,4
What, according to the Belmont Report, is informed consent? Subjects, to the degree that they are capable, [should] be given the opportunity to choose what shall or shall not happen to them. 5,1
What is exporting harm? Instead of properly disposing of spent laptop and desktop computers, many so-called re- cycling companies send these parts to developing nations where valuable metals are mined and the other parts carelessly cast into dumps, irrigation canals, and rivers. 5,2
What is electronic waste? Three hundred million of these become obsolete every year, making this the fastest-growing part of the waste stream. 5,3
What are monitoring machine status, accepting treatment input, and setting up machine for treatment? New responsibilities delegated to the software controls in the Therac-25 model. 5,4
