Rules of Narration in English | Teacher Mohammad Harun

 
Mohammad Harun or
Rashid
Senior teacher(ICT)
South Satkania Golam Bari
Govt.High
Amirabad,Lohagara
Chattogram
Email:harunssgb@gmail.com
 
Class:9-10
Sub:English
 2
nd
 paper
 
By the end of the lesson student
will able to know.........
About narration/speech
About the rules of speech
How to change speech from
direct to indirect
 
Rules Of narration
 
According to Sentencea:
 
Assertive sentence
 
 Assertive sentence কে indirect speech-এ রুপান্তরের
সময় Reporting verb say/said, or tell/told (object যদি
থাকে) বসে । Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে conjunction
“that” বসে । Reported Speech এর subject + verb +
Extension.
 
Direct: The teacher said to me, “You are wrong”.
Indirect: The teacher said to me that i was
wrong.
Direct: Ruma said, “My father would go home
tomorrow”.
Indirect: Ruma said that her father would go
home tomorrow.
 
 Interrogative
 
Reporting verb 
টি ‘
ask’ ‘enquire of’ ‘want to know’
‘demand’ ‘wonder’ 
ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়। 
Reported
Speech 
যদি 
Auxiliary verb (do, does, did, shall, will, am,
is, are, was, were, can, may 
ইত্যাদি) দ্বারা আরম্ভ হয় আর্থাৎ
সংক্ষেপে “
yes” 
বা “
no” 
দ্বারা উত্তর দেওয়া যায় তবে  
Reported
speech 
এর পূর্বে 
that 
না বসিয়া  
if/whether 
বসাতে হয়।
Sentence 
টি 
Interrogative 
এর পরিবর্তে 
Assertive sentence -
এ রুপান্তিত হয়।
 
Direct: He said to me, “Are you reading my book?”
Indirect: He asked me if i was reading his book.
 
Reported Speech 
যদি 
Interrogative pronoun 
(
who,
whom, whose, what, which 
ইত্যাদি) বা 
Interrogative
adverb 
(
why, where, how
, when 
ইত্যাদি) দ্বারা আরম্ভ হয়
তবে 
if/whether
 
বসে না, 
শব্দটিই বসে
Sentence 
টি
Interrogative 
এর পরিবর্তে 
Assertive sentence -
এ রুপান্তিত
হয়।
Direct: He said to his father, “
What
 are you doing?”
Indirect: He asked his father
 what
 he was doing.
 
এক্ষেএে 
Reporting verb -
টি 
অনুরোধ 
বুঝালে
 
request
,
 
আদেশ
 বুঝালে 
order/command,
উপদেশ 
বুঝালে
 
advise
অন্যথায় 
tell 
দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হয় 
+
 Inverted comma 
উঠে গিয়ে
 
to 
বসে
 
+ 
Reported speech-
এর মূল 
verb 
থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে
Direct: He said to me, “ 
Please
 give me
 a glass of water.”
Indirect: He 
requested 
me 
to give
 him a glass of water
 
Imperative Sentence-টি যদি
 negative 
হয় তবে reporting verb
এর পরে 
not
 বসে এবং তার পর
 to 
বসে।
Direct: He said to me, “ don't do this.”
 Idirect: He told to me 
not to 
do that.
 
Imperative sentence-
direct speech-
এ কাউকে 
সম্বোধন
করা হলে নিচের নিয়ম এর সাহায্যে 
indirect speech-
এ রূপান্তর
করতে হয়।
Structure: 
Addressing
 + Reporting verb-
এর 
object(
যদি
থাকে) 
+
 
as 
+ 
যাকে/যাদেরকে সম্বোধন করা হইয়াছে সে শব্দটি 
+
reporting verb-
এর 
subject + reporting verb + to +
reported speech 
এর মূল 
verb 
থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত।
 
Direct: He said to them, “
Friends
 help me.”
Indirect: 
Addressing them as friends
, he requested them
to help him.
 
Imperative sentence 
এর 
direct speech-
Sir 
থাকলে
indirect 
করার সময় 
Sir 
এর পরিবর্তে 
respectfully 
ব্যবহৃত হয়।
 
Direct: The boy said to the teacher, “ 
Sir,
lend me your book please.”
Indirect: The boy requested the teacher 
respectfully
 to
lend him(b) his(t) book.
 
Let
 
এর পরে 
us 
থাকলে 
indirect 
করার সময় 
reporting
verb-
টি পরিবর্তে হয়ে 
propose/suggest
 
হয় 
+
 
inverted comma
উঠে গিয়ে 
that
 
বসে 
+
 
they/we + should 
বসে 
+
 
reported speech
এর মূল 
verb 
থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
Note: Reporting verb 
এর 
Subject third person 
হলে
 
that 
এর পর 
we 
বসে 
এবং 
reporting verb 
এর
subject first person 
হলে 
that 
এর পরে 
they 
বসে।
 
Direct: We said to the chairman, “Let 
us
 drop the
matter.”
Indirect: We 
proposed
 the chairman dropping the
matter.
Direct: I said to him, “Let us play.”
Indirect: I suggest playing
 
Exceptional: Let 
দ্বারা প্রস্তাব না বুঝালে 
reporting verb
টি পরিবর্তন হয় না 
inverted comma 
উঠে 
that 
বসে
+
reported verb 
এর 
subject 
পুনরায় বসে 
+
 
might +
reporting speech-
এর মূল 
verb 
থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
 
Direct: Kamal said to me, “Let him say whatever
he likes.”
Indirect: Kamal told me that he might say
whatever he liked
 
Direct: Father said to me, “May you pass the examination.”
Indirect: Father prayed that i might pass the examination.
Direct: The teacher said to the student, “May Allah blesses
you.”
Indirect: The teacher wished that Allah might bless the
student
 
Optative Sentence
 
Reporting verb-এর পরিবর্তে wish or pray বসে 
+
Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে 
+
Reported speech -এর subject বসে 
+
may/might 
+
 Reported speech -এর মূল verb
থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
 
Direct Speech 
দ্বারা আনন্দ বুঝালে 
Reporting verb 
পরিবর্তিত
হয়ে 
exlaim/exlaimed with joy 
আর দুঃখ বুঝালে
exclaim/exclaimed with sorrow or grief 
ইত্যাদি হয় 
+
Inverted comma 
উঠে 
that 
বসে 
+
 
reported speech 
আর
subject + reporting verb 
অনুযায়ী 
reported peech 
আর
verb 
বসে 
+
 
very/great + adjective 
বসে 
+
 বাকি অংশ।
Direct: The man said, “Alas! I am undone.”
Indirect: The man exclaimed with sorrow that he
was undone
 
Exclamatory Sentence:
 
Reported Speech how 
বা 
what 
দ্বারা শুরু হলে অর্থাৎ
Sentence 
এর শুরুতে আতিশয্য বুঝালে 
Indirect
Narration 
করার সময় উক্ত 
How/What 
এর পরিবর্তে
very, much, great 
ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
Direct: Silva said, “What a fine bird it is.”
 Indirect: Silva exclaimed with joy that it was a
very fine bird.
Unit Work
 
He said to me, “How long will you stay here?”
The man said to the officer, “Please help me.”
She asked me, “Are you happy in your
 new job?”
“Don’t waste time”, the teacher said
 to the students
John said to his mother, “I shall go
to bed now.”
He said to me, “Let’s go home together.
He said to me, “May you be happy.”
He said to her, “What a cold the day is!”
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Explore the rules of narration in English, learn about changing speech from direct to indirect, and understand how to apply these rules through examples provided by senior teacher Mohammad Harun at Golam Bari Govt. High School. Get insights on assertive, interrogative, and imperative sentences in reported speech. Enhance your English language skills with clear explanations and illustrated examples.

  • English language
  • Narration rules
  • Reported speech
  • Mohammad Harun
  • Education

Uploaded on Aug 07, 2024 | 0 Views


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  1. Welcome

  2. Identity Mohammad Harun or Rashid Senior teacher(ICT) South Satkania Golam Bari Govt.High Amirabad,Lohagara Chattogram Email:harunssgb@gmail.com Class:9-10 Sub:English 2nd paper

  3. By the end of the lesson student will able to know......... About narration/speech About the rules of speech How to change speech from direct to indirect

  4. Rules Of narration According to Sentencea: Assertive sentence Assertive sentence indirect speech- Reporting verb say/said, or tell/told (object ) Inverted comma conjunction that Reported Speech subject + verb + Extension.

  5. Direct: The teacher said to me, You are wrong. Indirect: The teacher said to me that i was wrong. Direct: Ruma said, My father would go home tomorrow . Indirect: Ruma said that her father would go home tomorrow.

  6. Interrogative Reporting verb ask enquire of want to know demand wonder Reported Speech Auxiliary verb (do, does, did, shall, will, am, is, are, was, were, can, may ) yes no Reported speech that if/whether Sentence Interrogative Assertive sentence - Direct: He said to me, Are you reading my book? Indirect: He asked me if i was reading his book.

  7. Reported Speech Interrogative pronoun (who, whom, whose, what, which ) Interrogative adverb (why, where, how, when ) if/whether , Sentence Interrogative Assertive sentence - Direct: He said to his father, What are you doing? Indirect: He asked his father what he was doing.

  8. Imperative Sentence: Reporting verb - request, order/command, advise tell + Inverted comma to + Reported speech- verb Direct: He said to me, Please give me a glass of water. Indirect: He requested me to give him a glass of water

  9. Imperative Sentence- negative reporting verb not to Direct: He said to me, don't do this. Idirect: He told to me not to do that. Imperative sentence- direct speech- indirect speech- Structure: Addressing + Reporting verb- object( ) + as + / + reporting verb- subject + reporting verb + to + reported speech verb

  10. Direct: He said to them, Friends help me. Indirect: Addressing them as friends, he requested them to help him. Imperative sentence direct speech- Sir indirect Sir respectfully Direct: The boy said to the teacher, Sir, lend me your book please. Indirect: The boy requested the teacher respectfully to lend him(b) his(t) book.

  11. Let us indirect reporting verb- propose/suggest + inverted comma that + they/we + should + reported speech verb Note: Reporting verb Subject third person that we reporting verb subject first person that they Direct: We said to the chairman, Let us drop the matter. Indirect: We proposed the chairman dropping the matter. Direct: I said to him, Let us play. Indirect: I suggest playing

  12. Exceptional: Let reporting verb inverted comma that + reported verb subject + might + reporting speech- verb Direct: Kamal said to me, Let him say whatever he likes. Indirect: Kamal told me that he might say whatever he liked

  13. Optative Sentence Reporting verb- wish or pray + Inverted comma that + Reported speech - subject + may/might + Reported speech - verb Direct: Father said to me, May you pass the examination. Indirect: Father prayed that i might pass the examination. Direct: The teacher said to the student, May Allah blesses you. Indirect: The teacher wished that Allah might bless the student

  14. Exclamatory Sentence: Direct Speech Reporting verb exlaim/exlaimed with joy exclaim/exclaimed with sorrow or grief + Inverted comma that + reported speech subject + reporting verb reported peech verb + very/great + adjective + Direct: The man said, Alas! I am undone. Indirect: The man exclaimed with sorrow that he was undone

  15. Reported Speech how what Sentence Indirect Narration How/What very, much, great Direct: Silva said, What a fine bird it is. Indirect: Silva exclaimed with joy that it was a very fine bird.

  16. Unit Work He said to me, How long will you stay here? The man said to the officer, Please help me. She asked me, Are you happy in your new job? Don t waste time , the teacher said to the students John said to his mother, I shall go to bed now. He said to me, Let s go home together. He said to me, May you be happy. He said to her, What a cold the day is!

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