Roman Republic Expansion and Punic Wars Overview
Bellringer:
•
1. Pick up the papers by the door.
1. Pick up the papers by the door.
•
2. Update ToC:
2. Update ToC:
–
86: DBQ Analysis Practice: Roman Republic vs.
86: DBQ Analysis Practice: Roman Republic vs.
U.S. Gov’t
U.S. Gov’t
–
87: Notes: Rome Expands/Punic Wars
87: Notes: Rome Expands/Punic Wars
Agenda:
•
1. Bellringer
1. Bellringer
•
2. DBQ Practice: U.S. Government vs. Roman
2. DBQ Practice: U.S. Government vs. Roman
Republic (
Republic (
graded!
graded!
)
)
•
3. Notes: Rome Expands, Punic Wars
3. Notes: Rome Expands, Punic Wars
•
4. Rome Glossary Work Time
4. Rome Glossary Work Time
Homework:
•
1. Read pages 264-268 in your AP TEXTBOOK
PACKET.
•
2. Begin studying for Roman Republic Quiz
(looking to be on the day we study Pax
Romana)
–
Will cover:
•
Roman Republic Notes (Page 81)
•
Expansion of Rome/Punic Wars Notes
•
Fall of the Roman Republic/Rise of Caesar Notes
DBQ Analysis Practice:
35
-
40 minutes
•
Read through the documents as you answer the
questions. There is one document that is not
used. Make sure you skip it or the questions will
not make sense.
•
When finished, add the following question to
the bottom of the worksheet and answer it:
–
WHICH FIVE DOCUMENTS DO YOU THINK WOULD BE
MOST HELPFUL TO WRITE AN ESSAY ANSWERING THE
PROMPT ON THE FRONT OF THE DBQ PACKET?
•
If you finish early, work on your Rome Glossary.
Roman Republic Recap:
Geography
:
Italian peninsula, natural barriers, central
location
Religion
:
Polytheistic, same gods as Greeks, festivals
Achievements
:
art, architecture, legal code (12 Tables),
military/tech.
Political
:
Senate, consuls, assemblies (
centuriate,
concilium plebis
)
Economics
:
agricultural supplemented by trade (by sea)
Social
:
Citizenship, 3 major values, status of women,
Roman family, slavery
The Republic Expands : (350 B.C.E. to 150 B.C.E)
Romans secured
peninsula because of
military colonies and
generous policy toward
the people they
conquered:
•
Free from taxation
•
Govern their own
internal affairs
•
Participate in trade
•
Take Roman spouses
•
Must provide military
support and alliance
The Republic Expands
Carthage was the dominant political power in north Africa
(excluding Egypt),
the southern part of the Iberian peninsula, and the western region of Sicily.
One of their trade networks focused on the mineral wealth of Spain, especially
its silver mines. Carthage developed ports and cities in Sicily and Sardinia to
protect that route.
The Republic Expands
•
Between 264 and 146 B.C.E.,
Rome fought
Carthage in the Punic Wars.
–
Reason: Competition for grain in the western
Mediterranean
(Sicily)
•
Romans burned Carthage to the ground and forced
50,000 survivors into slavery, slash-and-burn, “scorched
earth” warfare
–
Result: Rome seized Carthaginian possessions in
north Africa and Iberia
(grain, oil, wine, silver, and
gold used to finance imperial expansion)
The Background
•
What is Rome’s goal, in regards to surrounding
What is Rome’s goal, in regards to surrounding
territories?
territories?
•
Goal of wars: To conquer the land and expand their
Goal of wars: To conquer the land and expand their
power.
power.
•
What is the name of the Roman army?
What is the name of the Roman army?
•
Roman legions
Roman legions
•
What places will Rome conquer by the 4
What places will Rome conquer by the 4
th
th
Century BCE?
Century BCE?
•
The Romans dominate the Italian Peninsula
The Romans dominate the Italian Peninsula
The Background
How the Romans treated those they
conquered
:
•
The Romans had different laws for different people
they conquered
some were citizens, some weren’t
1.
Neighboring Latins
= Full citizens of Rome
2.
Territories further from Rome
= all the rights of
Roman citizenship except voting rights.
3.
All other conquered people
= allies. (They were left
alone as long as they sent troops to the Roman army
and did not make treaties with other states.)
•
Rome built a long lasting Empire that spread far
beyond Italy.
Background:
•
While Rome conquers Italian peninsula, other
peoples are growing stronger too
–
Macedonians defeat Persians in 331 BCE
–
Alexander’s Empire grows & divides in 323 BCE
–
Carthage gains North Africa, Iberia, Sardinia, Corsica &
Sicily around 307 BCE
Rome’s Location:
•
Rome had access to the lands surrounding
the Mediterranean Sea.
•
Roman merchants moved by land and sea.
•
Traded Roman wine and olive oil for a
variety of foods, materials, and goods.
Rome’s Enemy: Carthage
•
Carthage was a large and powerful city that
interfered with Roman access to the
Mediterranean Sea.
•
Carthage was once a colony of Phoenicia
(Phoenicians = Creators of the alphabet)
•
Carthage was located on a peninsula on the
North African coast.
Background: The Punic Wars:
•
Fought between 264 and 146
BC
Rome and Carthage fought
three wars.
1. The First Punic War
•
The First Punic War was
fought over Sicily and the
Western Mediterranean
and
lasted 23 years.
•
Rome beat Carthage
•
Rome gained control of Sicily
as a result of the 1
st
Punic War.
Second Punic War
2. The Second Punic War
•
Began in 218 BC
•
29 year old
Carthaginian leader
was Hannibal.
•
Brilliant leader who
wanted
to avenge Carthage’s earlier
defeat
.
•
Used 50,000 infantry, 9,000
cavalry, and 40 elephants
to
capture Rome.
•
Led his troops from Spain across
France and through the Alps to
attack Rome.
•
He lost most of his men and
elephants but still pursued Rome
for more than a decade.
•
His men seized Roman land, cattle,
crops, and farm houses.
•
Romans prevented Hannibal from
capturing Rome
•
A
Roman general – Scipio
devised a plan to attack
Carthage.
•
202 BC at Zama: Romans
defeated Hannibal
.
3. Third Punic War
•
Carthage was no longer a threat in 149
BCE but the
Romans were still angry
at the
devastation Carthage had brought to Italy earlier.
•
They believed, “Carthage must be destroyed.”
•
149 BCE
Rome attacked Carthage.
•
146 BCE Carthage was set on fire and
50,000 people were sold into slavery
.
(“scorched earth” warfare)
Major People of the Punic Wars
Hannibal
Scipio
Africanus
Scipio
Aemilianus
vs.
Carthage
vs.
Results of the Punic Wars
•
Rome’s army and navy are
experienced and trained.
•
Rome gained control of the
entire Mediterranean area
–
including Macedonia, Greece, and
parts of Anatolia.
•
The span of the Roman Empire
after the Punic wars was
Anatolia in the east to Spain in
the West.
Rome’s Imperial Expansion Creates Problems
•
As a result of conquest, Rome
became wealthy and powerful,
but
there were problems in
Rome post-Punic Wars:
–
1.
Conquered lands fell into
the hands of wealthy elites
who organized plantations
known as latifundia.
•
Owners of latifundia
operated at lower costs
than did owners of
smaller holdings who
often were forced to sell
their land to wealthier
neighbors.
–
2. The
constitution had
worked for a small city-state
but would not for a large
empire.
The Problems of Expansion
•
3. Because Rome controlled such a large area the
Republic and their government had to change
–
The
Punic Wars
increased the size of Rome and
increased the power of the Senate (patricians)
–
The senate now controlled the army and the
foreign policy
•
The nobles gained even more power
•
4
.
The people Rome conquered became
“
subjects”
of Rome
–
This
did not make them citizens or allies of Rome
but they
had a governor that was backed by the
Roman army
Problems of Expansion (cont’d)
•
5. Corruption enters the government:
–
Some
governors took bribes and paid little attention to
the needs of the people
–
Tax collectors wanted to take as much money as they could
•
6. Romans also had problems at home
–
When the farmer
soldiers returned home they found their
farms in ruin and no money to restore their farms
–
They
had to sell their lands
and as time passed Rome
came dependent on importing grain from their provinces
Result of War: More Money = More
Problems
•
1. Many farmers moved from the country into the
cities
–
They couldn’t all find jobs and most became dependent on
their government for food
•
2.
Trade within Rome’s vast empire created a class
of business people and landowners called
equites
–
They had great wealth and political influence and the gap
between the rich and poor, the powerful and the
powerless continued to grow
Safari Montage Movie:
Carthage
Learn about the Roman Republic's expansion from 350 B.C.E. to 150 B.C.E., including their policies towards conquered territories, trade networks, and conflicts with Carthage in the Punic Wars. Explore key aspects of Roman society, politics, economics, and culture during this period through bellringers, agenda items, homework assignments, and DBQ analysis practice.
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Presentation Transcript
Bellringer: 1. Pick up the papers by the door. 2. Update ToC: 86: DBQ Analysis Practice: Roman Republic vs. U.S. Gov t 87: Notes: Rome Expands/Punic Wars
Agenda: 1. Bellringer 2. DBQ Practice: U.S. Government vs. Roman Republic (graded!) 3. Notes: Rome Expands, Punic Wars 4. Rome Glossary Work Time
Homework: 1. Read pages 264-268 in your AP TEXTBOOK PACKET. 2. Begin studying for Roman Republic Quiz (looking to be on the day we study Pax Romana) Will cover: Roman Republic Notes (Page 81) Expansion of Rome/Punic Wars Notes Fall of the Roman Republic/Rise of Caesar Notes
DBQ Analysis Practice: 35-40 minutes Read through the documents as you answer the questions. There is one document that is not used. Make sure you skip it or the questions will not make sense. When finished, add the following question to the bottom of the worksheet and answer it: WHICH FIVE DOCUMENTS DO YOU THINK WOULD BE MOST HELPFUL TO WRITE AN ESSAY ANSWERING THE PROMPT ON THE FRONT OF THE DBQ PACKET? If you finish early, work on your Rome Glossary.
Roman Republic Recap: Geography: Italian peninsula, natural barriers, central location Religion: Polytheistic, same gods as Greeks, festivals Achievements: art, architecture, legal code (12 Tables), military/tech. Political: Senate, consuls, assemblies (centuriate, concilium plebis) Economics: agricultural supplemented by trade (by sea) Social: Citizenship, 3 major values, status of women, Roman family, slavery
The Republic Expands : (350 B.C.E. to 150 B.C.E) Romans secured peninsula because of military colonies and generous policy toward the people they conquered: Free from taxation Govern their own internal affairs Participate in trade Take Roman spouses Must provide military support and alliance
The Republic Expands Carthage was the dominant political power in north Africa (excluding Egypt), the southern part of the Iberian peninsula, and the western region of Sicily. One of their trade networks focused on the mineral wealth of Spain, especially its silver mines. Carthage developed ports and cities in Sicily and Sardinia to protect that route.
The Republic Expands Between 264 and 146 B.C.E., Rome fought Carthage in the Punic Wars. Reason: Competition for grain in the western Mediterranean (Sicily) Romans burned Carthage to the ground and forced 50,000 survivors into slavery, slash-and-burn, scorched earth warfare Result: Rome seized Carthaginian possessions in north Africa and Iberia (grain, oil, wine, silver, and gold used to finance imperial expansion)
The Background What is Rome s goal, in regards to surrounding territories? Goal of wars: To conquer the land and expand their power. What is the name of the Roman army? Roman legions What places will Rome conquer by the 4th Century BCE? The Romans dominate the Italian Peninsula
How the Romans treated those they conquered: The Romans had different laws for different people they conquered some were citizens, some weren t 1. Neighboring Latins = Full citizens of Rome 2. Territories further from Rome = all the rights of Roman citizenship except voting rights. 3. All other conquered people = allies. (They were left alone as long as they sent troops to the Roman army and did not make treaties with other states.) Rome built a long lasting Empire that spread far beyond Italy.
Background: While Rome conquers Italian peninsula, other peoples are growing stronger too Macedonians defeat Persians in 331 BCE Alexander s Empire grows & divides in 323 BCE Carthage gains North Africa, Iberia, Sardinia, Corsica & Sicily around 307 BCE
Romes Location: Rome had access to the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. Roman merchants moved by land and sea. Traded Roman wine and olive oil for a variety of foods, materials, and goods.
Romes Enemy: Carthage Carthage was a large and powerful city that interfered with Roman access to the Mediterranean Sea. Carthage was once a colony of Phoenicia (Phoenicians = Creators of the alphabet) Carthage was located on a peninsula on the North African coast.
Background: The Punic Wars: Fought between 264 and 146 BC Rome and Carthage fought three wars. 1. The First Punic War The First Punic War was fought over Sicily and the Western Mediterranean and lasted 23 years. Rome beat Carthage Rome gained control of Sicily as a result of the 1st Punic War.
2. The Second Punic War Began in 218 BC 29 year old Carthaginian leader was Hannibal. Brilliant leader who wanted to avenge Carthage s earlier defeat. Used 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, and 40 elephants to capture Rome. Led his troops from Spain across France and through the Alps to attack Rome.
He lost most of his men and elephants but still pursued Rome for more than a decade. His men seized Roman land, cattle, crops, and farm houses. Romans prevented Hannibal from capturing Rome A Roman general Scipio devised a plan to attack Carthage. 202 BC at Zama: Romans defeated Hannibal.
3. Third Punic War Carthage was no longer a threat in 149 BCE but the Romans were still angry at the devastation Carthage had brought to Italy earlier. They believed, Carthage must be destroyed. 149 BCE Rome attacked Carthage. 146 BCE Carthage was set on fire and 50,000 people were sold into slavery. ( scorched earth warfare)
Major People of the Punic Wars vs. vs.
Results of the Punic Wars Rome s army and navy are experienced and trained. Rome gained control of the entire Mediterranean area including Macedonia, Greece, and parts of Anatolia. The span of the Roman Empire after the Punic wars was Anatolia in the east to Spain in the West.
Romes Imperial Expansion Creates Problems As a result of conquest, Rome became wealthy and powerful, but there were problems in Rome post-Punic Wars: 1. Conquered lands fell into the hands of wealthy elites who organized plantations known as latifundia. Owners of latifundia operated at lower costs than did owners of smaller holdings who often were forced to sell their land to wealthier neighbors. 2. The constitution had worked for a small city-state but would not for a large empire.
The Problems of Expansion 3. Because Rome controlled such a large area the Republic and their government had to change The Punic Wars increased the size of Rome and increased the power of the Senate (patricians) The senate now controlled the army and the foreign policy The nobles gained even more power 4. The people Rome conquered became subjects of Rome This did not make them citizens or allies of Rome but they had a governor that was backed by the Roman army
Problems of Expansion (contd) 5. Corruption enters the government: Some governors took bribes and paid little attention to the needs of the people Tax collectors wanted to take as much money as they could 6. Romans also had problems at home When the farmer soldiers returned home they found their farms in ruin and no money to restore their farms They had to sell their lands and as time passed Rome came dependent on importing grain from their provinces
Result of War: More Money = More Problems 1. Many farmers moved from the country into the cities They couldn t all find jobs and most became dependent on their government for food 2. Trade within Rome s vast empire created a class of business people and landowners called equites They had great wealth and political influence and the gap between the rich and poor, the powerful and the powerless continued to grow
