Roman Republic Expansion and Punic Wars Overview
Learn about the Roman Republic's expansion from 350 B.C.E. to 150 B.C.E., including their policies towards conquered territories, trade networks, and conflicts with Carthage in the Punic Wars. Explore key aspects of Roman society, politics, economics, and culture during this period through bellringers, agenda items, homework assignments, and DBQ analysis practice.
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Bellringer: 1. Pick up the papers by the door. 2. Update ToC: 86: DBQ Analysis Practice: Roman Republic vs. U.S. Gov t 87: Notes: Rome Expands/Punic Wars
Agenda: 1. Bellringer 2. DBQ Practice: U.S. Government vs. Roman Republic (graded!) 3. Notes: Rome Expands, Punic Wars 4. Rome Glossary Work Time
Homework: 1. Read pages 264-268 in your AP TEXTBOOK PACKET. 2. Begin studying for Roman Republic Quiz (looking to be on the day we study Pax Romana) Will cover: Roman Republic Notes (Page 81) Expansion of Rome/Punic Wars Notes Fall of the Roman Republic/Rise of Caesar Notes
DBQ Analysis Practice: 35-40 minutes Read through the documents as you answer the questions. There is one document that is not used. Make sure you skip it or the questions will not make sense. When finished, add the following question to the bottom of the worksheet and answer it: WHICH FIVE DOCUMENTS DO YOU THINK WOULD BE MOST HELPFUL TO WRITE AN ESSAY ANSWERING THE PROMPT ON THE FRONT OF THE DBQ PACKET? If you finish early, work on your Rome Glossary.
Roman Republic Recap: Geography: Italian peninsula, natural barriers, central location Religion: Polytheistic, same gods as Greeks, festivals Achievements: art, architecture, legal code (12 Tables), military/tech. Political: Senate, consuls, assemblies (centuriate, concilium plebis) Economics: agricultural supplemented by trade (by sea) Social: Citizenship, 3 major values, status of women, Roman family, slavery
The Republic Expands : (350 B.C.E. to 150 B.C.E) Romans secured peninsula because of military colonies and generous policy toward the people they conquered: Free from taxation Govern their own internal affairs Participate in trade Take Roman spouses Must provide military support and alliance
The Republic Expands Carthage was the dominant political power in north Africa (excluding Egypt), the southern part of the Iberian peninsula, and the western region of Sicily. One of their trade networks focused on the mineral wealth of Spain, especially its silver mines. Carthage developed ports and cities in Sicily and Sardinia to protect that route.
The Republic Expands Between 264 and 146 B.C.E., Rome fought Carthage in the Punic Wars. Reason: Competition for grain in the western Mediterranean (Sicily) Romans burned Carthage to the ground and forced 50,000 survivors into slavery, slash-and-burn, scorched earth warfare Result: Rome seized Carthaginian possessions in north Africa and Iberia (grain, oil, wine, silver, and gold used to finance imperial expansion)
The Background What is Rome s goal, in regards to surrounding territories? Goal of wars: To conquer the land and expand their power. What is the name of the Roman army? Roman legions What places will Rome conquer by the 4th Century BCE? The Romans dominate the Italian Peninsula
How the Romans treated those they conquered: The Romans had different laws for different people they conquered some were citizens, some weren t 1. Neighboring Latins = Full citizens of Rome 2. Territories further from Rome = all the rights of Roman citizenship except voting rights. 3. All other conquered people = allies. (They were left alone as long as they sent troops to the Roman army and did not make treaties with other states.) Rome built a long lasting Empire that spread far beyond Italy.
Background: While Rome conquers Italian peninsula, other peoples are growing stronger too Macedonians defeat Persians in 331 BCE Alexander s Empire grows & divides in 323 BCE Carthage gains North Africa, Iberia, Sardinia, Corsica & Sicily around 307 BCE
Romes Location: Rome had access to the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. Roman merchants moved by land and sea. Traded Roman wine and olive oil for a variety of foods, materials, and goods.
Romes Enemy: Carthage Carthage was a large and powerful city that interfered with Roman access to the Mediterranean Sea. Carthage was once a colony of Phoenicia (Phoenicians = Creators of the alphabet) Carthage was located on a peninsula on the North African coast.
Background: The Punic Wars: Fought between 264 and 146 BC Rome and Carthage fought three wars. 1. The First Punic War The First Punic War was fought over Sicily and the Western Mediterranean and lasted 23 years. Rome beat Carthage Rome gained control of Sicily as a result of the 1st Punic War.
2. The Second Punic War Began in 218 BC 29 year old Carthaginian leader was Hannibal. Brilliant leader who wanted to avenge Carthage s earlier defeat. Used 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, and 40 elephants to capture Rome. Led his troops from Spain across France and through the Alps to attack Rome.
He lost most of his men and elephants but still pursued Rome for more than a decade. His men seized Roman land, cattle, crops, and farm houses. Romans prevented Hannibal from capturing Rome A Roman general Scipio devised a plan to attack Carthage. 202 BC at Zama: Romans defeated Hannibal.
3. Third Punic War Carthage was no longer a threat in 149 BCE but the Romans were still angry at the devastation Carthage had brought to Italy earlier. They believed, Carthage must be destroyed. 149 BCE Rome attacked Carthage. 146 BCE Carthage was set on fire and 50,000 people were sold into slavery. ( scorched earth warfare)
Major People of the Punic Wars vs. vs.
Results of the Punic Wars Rome s army and navy are experienced and trained. Rome gained control of the entire Mediterranean area including Macedonia, Greece, and parts of Anatolia. The span of the Roman Empire after the Punic wars was Anatolia in the east to Spain in the West.
Romes Imperial Expansion Creates Problems As a result of conquest, Rome became wealthy and powerful, but there were problems in Rome post-Punic Wars: 1. Conquered lands fell into the hands of wealthy elites who organized plantations known as latifundia. Owners of latifundia operated at lower costs than did owners of smaller holdings who often were forced to sell their land to wealthier neighbors. 2. The constitution had worked for a small city-state but would not for a large empire.
The Problems of Expansion 3. Because Rome controlled such a large area the Republic and their government had to change The Punic Wars increased the size of Rome and increased the power of the Senate (patricians) The senate now controlled the army and the foreign policy The nobles gained even more power 4. The people Rome conquered became subjects of Rome This did not make them citizens or allies of Rome but they had a governor that was backed by the Roman army
Problems of Expansion (contd) 5. Corruption enters the government: Some governors took bribes and paid little attention to the needs of the people Tax collectors wanted to take as much money as they could 6. Romans also had problems at home When the farmer soldiers returned home they found their farms in ruin and no money to restore their farms They had to sell their lands and as time passed Rome came dependent on importing grain from their provinces
Result of War: More Money = More Problems 1. Many farmers moved from the country into the cities They couldn t all find jobs and most became dependent on their government for food 2. Trade within Rome s vast empire created a class of business people and landowners called equites They had great wealth and political influence and the gap between the rich and poor, the powerful and the powerless continued to grow
