Review of Covid-19 Online Retail Scheme 2022
CONFINED SPACE
HAZARDS & ENTRY
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN
•
What is a Confined Space
•
Hazards of Confined Spaces
•
Basic Entry Requirements
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
•
All employees required to enter confined or enclosed spaces
must be instructed in:
–
Nature of the hazards.
–
Necessary precautions to be taken.
–
Use of protective and emergency equipment.
WHAT IS A CONFINED SPACE?
•
Is large enough and so configured that an employee can
bodily enter and perform assigned work.
•
Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for example,
tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits
are spaces that may have limited means of entry.)
•
Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy.
WHAT IS A PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE?
A Permit-required confined space is confined space that has one
or more of the following characteristics…
PERMIT REQUIRED SPACES
•
Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous
atmosphere.
•
Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an
entrant.
•
Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be
trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a
floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-
section.
•
Contains any other recognized serious safety or health
hazard.
TYPICAL CONFINED SPACES
•
Boilers & Furnaces
•
Pipelines
•
Pits
•
Process Vessel
•
Silo & Storage Tanks
•
Sewer & Manholes
•
Trenches & Excavations
HAZARDS OF CONFINED SPACES
•
Atmospheric
•
Physical Configuration
•
Mechanical
•
Electrical
•
Thermal
•
Noise
•
Vibration
•
Engulfment or Entrapment
CONTROLLING CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS
•
Each Confined Space has different hazards. Hazards can also
change with time and usage.
–
Post signs to warn of the dangers.
–
Use barriers to prevent uncontrolled access
–
Develop and use a written space entry program.
CONTROLLING CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS
•
Conduct air monitoring and tests to identify and evaluate
hazards.
•
Define acceptable entry conditions.
•
Monitor entry conditions.
•
Eliminate or control the space's atmospheric hazards before
entry.
•
Lockout all internal hazards prior to entry.
ENTRY POINT HAZARDS
•
Small Openings make entry and rescue difficult.
•
Sharp edges can tear protective clothing or air lines.
•
Temporary ladders and vent gear can make even large
openings difficult to transit.
•
Vertical entry points are fall hazards.
VENTILATION NEEDED
•
Deadly gases can be trapped inside.
•
Rotting Organic materials create hazardous gases.
•
Pipe leaks, welding, system material can create hazardous
atmospheres.
•
Rust consumes the oxygen you need.
ATMOSPHERIC HAZARDS
•
Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres
•
Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres
•
Flammable Atmospheres
•
Toxic Atmospheres
•
Corrosive Atmospheres
•
Asphyxiating Atmospheres
OXYGEN DEFICIENT
•
19.5 % is the minimum acceptable oxygen level for work with
out an air supplied respirator.
•
12-14% - Poor judgment.
•
10-12% - Lips blue Mental Confusion.
•
8-10% - Fainting & Nausea.
•
6-8% - Causes Death.
ASPHYXIATING ATMOSPHERES
•
Reduction of oxygen in a confined space may be the result of
either consumption or displacement. Consumption of oxygen
takes place during:
–
Combustion of flammable substances.
–
Bacterial action, as in the fermentation process.
–
Chemical reactions as in the formation of rust.
OXYGEN ENRICHED
•
Oxygen level above 21%.
•
Causes flammable and combustible materials to burn violently
when ignited. Such as:
–
Hair, clothing, oil soaked materials.
•
Never use pure oxygen to ventilate.
•
Never store or place compressed gas tanks in a confined
space.
FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERES
•
Required Factors:
–
Oxygen
–
Flammable Gas, Vapor or Dust
–
Ignition Source
Welding
Electric Tools
Sparks
Smoking
FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERES
•
Caused by:
–
Enriched oxygen atmospheres.
–
Vaporization of flammable liquids.
–
Byproducts of work.
–
Chemical reactions.
–
Concentrations of combustible dusts.
–
Fumes from chemicals on inner surfaces.
TOXIC ATMOSPHERES
•
Material in space:
–
Absorbed materials can “gas off”.
–
Decomposition of materials.
•
Work being performed:
–
Welding, cutting, brazing, soldering
–
Painting, scraping, sanding, degreasing
–
Sealing, bonding, melting
–
Cleaning, de-scaling
CORROSIVE ATMOSPHERES
•
Corrosive atmospheres can be not only a respiratory problems
but also cause skin exposure reactions and damage to your
nervous system though skin absorption or breathing.
–
Examples of Corrosives:
Bleach
Ammonia
Acids
PHYSICAL CONFIGURATION HAZARDS
•
The use and shape of a space can create hazardous
conditions:
–
Use of Ladders & Scaffolding.
–
Wet or slippery surfaces.
–
Uneven bottoms.
–
Bends in tunnels.
–
Narrow areas that can entrap workers.
–
Poor lighting.
•
Use retrieval & fall protection when possible.
MECHANICAL HAZARDS
•
Some confined spaces have unguarded mechanical equipment
such as:
–
Paddles
–
Blades
–
Shafts
–
Chain or belt drives
•
All equipment must be Locked and Tagged before entry.
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
•
Electric Shock is a possible hazard in Confined Spaces.
Hazard Sources include:
Broken lighting.
Electrical sensing devices.
Limit switches.
Level indicating devices.
Hazards from equipment taken inside.
TEMPERATURE HAZARDS
•
High and Low Temperatures are Hazards
–
Burns
–
Frostbite
–
Heat Stress
•
Wearing Protective clothing can increase the heat stress on a
worker.
WORKER COMFORT
•
Factors affecting worker comfort:
–
Air temperature
–
Air velocity though the space
–
Humidity
–
Radiant heat
–
Protective Clothing
–
Activities
ENGULFMENT HAZARDS
•
Engulfment is the entrapment of a person by the contents of a
space.
–
Liquids
–
Small granular product such as grain.
–
Crusting or Bridging of material.
–
Flooding
–
Water Flow
ENGULFMENT HAZARDS
•
Completely empty the contents before entry.
•
Use retrieval and fall arrest equipment to prevent sinking into
contents of a space.
NOISE HAZARDS
•
Noise creates a hazard by:
–
Causing hearing loss.
–
Preventing communication.
–
Lowering worker's effectiveness.
•
Eliminate noise sources prior to entry.
•
Use proper hearing protection.
SURFACE HAZARDS
•
Slippery, Wet or Damp Surfaces
–
Slips & Falls
–
Chemical exposure.
–
Possible increased chance of electric shock.
–
Uneven surfaces.
VIBRATION HAZARDS
•
Vibration of the body can cause damage to the body.
•
Using Vibrating tools can cause damage to fingers & hand.
•
Eliminate equipment vibrations prior to entry.
•
Use Vibration dampening tools & gloves.
BASIC CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROCEDURE
•
All entrants, supervisors and entry attendants must be fully
qualified:
1.
Conduct Pre-Entry Briefing.
2.
Assemble and check equipment.
3.
Establish Acceptable Entry Conditions.
4.
Conduct initial air sampling.
5.
Execute & Complete Entry Permit.
6.
Station Entry Attendant.
ENTRY
(CONTINUED)
7.
Establish Monitoring of Atmosphere
8.
Establish Communication
9.
Execute Hot Work Permit if applicable
10.
Post Confined Space Entry Permit
11.
Enter Space
12.
Post–entry debrief if problems were encountered
TESTING THE ATMOSPHERE
•
Verify presence of safe work atmosphere.
–
Calibrate Air Monitoring Equipment before use.
–
Test all areas of a confined space.
Top, Middle & Bottom.
Check for Explosive & Toxic Gases.
Check Oxygen level.
–
Record all readings.
VENTILATION
•
Consider best of exhaust or supply or both.
•
Provide work zone exhaust if welding.
•
Plan ventilation supply and exhaust paths.
•
Ensure no “re-circulation” of air supply.
•
Use continuous ventilation.
•
Retest the confined space before and during entry.
LOCKOUT!
•
Lock & tagging ALL electrical sources.
•
Blank & bleeding fluid lines.
•
Disconnect mechanical drives &shafts.
•
Secure mechanical parts.
•
Lock & Tag all valves.
RESCUE TEAM
•
A qualified rescue team and rescue equipment must be
available for entry into all Permit Required Confined Spaces.
•
Qualified Entry Attendant must be in constant communication
with workers in the space.
•
Entry Attendant must have source of communication with the
Rescue Team.
SUMMARY
•
All persons involved in Permit Required Confined Space Entry
must be qualified:
–
Supervisor
–
Attendants
–
Entrants
–
Rescue Team
•
Confined Spaces are Dangerous Places – Know how to control
or eliminate hazards.
The Irish Government Economic and Evaluation Service (IGEES) conducted a spending review in 2022 on the Covid-19 Online Retail Scheme. The review analyzed the impact, outcomes, and effectiveness of the scheme in supporting Irish-owned retailers during the pandemic. Key findings highlighted the approval rates, funding distribution, and positive impact on online sales, website traffic, and staff retention. Recommendations for future calls include addressing application concerns and conducting follow-up evaluations for long-term outcomes.
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Presentation Transcript
CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS & ENTRY SafetyonCall
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN What is a Confined Space Hazards of Confined Spaces Basic Entry Requirements SafetyonCall
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS All employees required to enter confined or enclosed spaces must be instructed in: Nature of the hazards. Necessary precautions to be taken. Use of protective and emergency equipment. SafetyonCall
WHAT IS A CONFINED SPACE? Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work. Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for example, tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits are spaces that may have limited means of entry.) Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy. SafetyonCall
WHAT IS A PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE? A Permit-required confined space is confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics SafetyonCall
PERMIT REQUIRED SPACES Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere. Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant. Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross- section. Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard. SafetyonCall
TYPICAL CONFINED SPACES Boilers & Furnaces Pipelines Pits Process Vessel Silo & Storage Tanks Sewer & Manholes Trenches & Excavations SafetyonCall
HAZARDS OF CONFINED SPACES Atmospheric Physical Configuration Mechanical Electrical Thermal Noise Vibration Engulfment or Entrapment SafetyonCall
CONTROLLING CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS Each Confined Space has different hazards. Hazards can also change with time and usage. Post signs to warn of the dangers. Use barriers to prevent uncontrolled access Develop and use a written space entry program. SafetyonCall
CONTROLLING CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS Conduct air monitoring and tests to identify and evaluate hazards. Define acceptable entry conditions. Monitor entry conditions. Eliminate or control the space's atmospheric hazards before entry. Lockout all internal hazards prior to entry. SafetyonCall
ENTRY POINT HAZARDS Small Openings make entry and rescue difficult. Sharp edges can tear protective clothing or air lines. Temporary ladders and vent gear can make even large openings difficult to transit. Vertical entry points are fall hazards. SafetyonCall
VENTILATION NEEDED Deadly gases can be trapped inside. Rotting Organic materials create hazardous gases. Pipe leaks, welding, system material can create hazardous atmospheres. Rust consumes the oxygen you need. SafetyonCall
ATMOSPHERIC HAZARDS Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres Flammable Atmospheres Toxic Atmospheres Corrosive Atmospheres Asphyxiating Atmospheres SafetyonCall
OXYGEN DEFICIENT 19.5 % is the minimum acceptable oxygen level for work with out an air supplied respirator. 12-14% - Poor judgment. 10-12% - Lips blue Mental Confusion. 8-10% - Fainting & Nausea. 6-8% - Causes Death. SafetyonCall
ASPHYXIATING ATMOSPHERES Reduction of oxygen in a confined space may be the result of either consumption or displacement. Consumption of oxygen takes place during: Combustion of flammable substances. Bacterial action, as in the fermentation process. Chemical reactions as in the formation of rust. SafetyonCall
OXYGEN ENRICHED Oxygen level above 21%. Causes flammable and combustible materials to burn violently when ignited. Such as: Hair, clothing, oil soaked materials. Never use pure oxygen to ventilate. Never store or place compressed gas tanks in a confined space. SafetyonCall
FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERES Required Factors: Oxygen Flammable Gas, Vapor or Dust Ignition Source Welding Electric Tools Sparks Smoking SafetyonCall
FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERES Caused by: Enriched oxygen atmospheres. Vaporization of flammable liquids. Byproducts of work. Chemical reactions. Concentrations of combustible dusts. Fumes from chemicals on inner surfaces. SafetyonCall
TOXIC ATMOSPHERES Material in space: Absorbed materials can gas off . Decomposition of materials. Work being performed: Welding, cutting, brazing, soldering Painting, scraping, sanding, degreasing Sealing, bonding, melting Cleaning, de-scaling SafetyonCall
CORROSIVE ATMOSPHERES Corrosive atmospheres can be not only a respiratory problems but also cause skin exposure reactions and damage to your nervous system though skin absorption or breathing. Examples of Corrosives: Bleach Ammonia Acids SafetyonCall
PHYSICAL CONFIGURATION HAZARDS The use and shape of a space can create hazardous conditions: Use of Ladders & Scaffolding. Wet or slippery surfaces. Uneven bottoms. Bends in tunnels. Narrow areas that can entrap workers. Poor lighting. Use retrieval & fall protection when possible. SafetyonCall
MECHANICAL HAZARDS Some confined spaces have unguarded mechanical equipment such as: Paddles Blades Shafts Chain or belt drives All equipment must be Locked and Tagged before entry. SafetyonCall
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS Electric Shock is a possible hazard in Confined Spaces. Hazard Sources include: Broken lighting. Electrical sensing devices. Limit switches. Level indicating devices. Hazards from equipment taken inside. SafetyonCall
TEMPERATURE HAZARDS High and Low Temperatures are Hazards Burns Frostbite Heat Stress Wearing Protective clothing can increase the heat stress on a worker. SafetyonCall
WORKER COMFORT Factors affecting worker comfort: Air temperature Air velocity though the space Humidity Radiant heat Protective Clothing Activities SafetyonCall
ENGULFMENT HAZARDS Engulfment is the entrapment of a person by the contents of a space. Liquids Small granular product such as grain. Crusting or Bridging of material. Flooding Water Flow SafetyonCall
ENGULFMENT HAZARDS Completely empty the contents before entry. Use retrieval and fall arrest equipment to prevent sinking into contents of a space. SafetyonCall
NOISE HAZARDS Noise creates a hazard by: Causing hearing loss. Preventing communication. Lowering worker's effectiveness. Eliminate noise sources prior to entry. Use proper hearing protection. SafetyonCall
SURFACE HAZARDS Slippery, Wet or Damp Surfaces Slips & Falls Chemical exposure. Possible increased chance of electric shock. Uneven surfaces. SafetyonCall
VIBRATION HAZARDS Vibration of the body can cause damage to the body. Using Vibrating tools can cause damage to fingers & hand. Eliminate equipment vibrations prior to entry. Use Vibration dampening tools & gloves. SafetyonCall
BASIC CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROCEDURE All entrants, supervisors and entry attendants must be fully qualified: 1. Conduct Pre-Entry Briefing. 2. Assemble and check equipment. 3. Establish Acceptable Entry Conditions. 4. Conduct initial air sampling. 5. Execute & Complete Entry Permit. 6. Station Entry Attendant. SafetyonCall
ENTRY (CONTINUED) 7. Establish Monitoring of Atmosphere 8. Establish Communication 9. Execute Hot Work Permit if applicable 10. Post Confined Space Entry Permit 11. Enter Space 12. Post entry debrief if problems were encountered SafetyonCall
TESTING THE ATMOSPHERE Verify presence of safe work atmosphere. Calibrate Air Monitoring Equipment before use. Test all areas of a confined space. Top, Middle & Bottom. Check for Explosive & Toxic Gases. Check Oxygen level. Record all readings. SafetyonCall
VENTILATION Consider best of exhaust or supply or both. Provide work zone exhaust if welding. Plan ventilation supply and exhaust paths. Ensure no re-circulation of air supply. Use continuous ventilation. Retest the confined space before and during entry. SafetyonCall
LOCKOUT! Lock & tagging ALL electrical sources. Blank & bleeding fluid lines. Disconnect mechanical drives &shafts. Secure mechanical parts. Lock & Tag all valves. SafetyonCall
RESCUE TEAM A qualified rescue team and rescue equipment must be available for entry into all Permit Required Confined Spaces. Qualified Entry Attendant must be in constant communication with workers in the space. Entry Attendant must have source of communication with the Rescue Team. SafetyonCall
SUMMARY All persons involved in Permit Required Confined Space Entry must be qualified: Supervisor Attendants Entrants Rescue Team Confined Spaces are Dangerous Places Know how to control or eliminate hazards. SafetyonCall
