Reversing Alarm System Standards in Japan
“
Pre Study for the discussion on Reversing Alarm System
"
-
Japanese current situations
-
Feb/2017
Noise Subcommittee/JASIC
Japan
Automobile Standards Internationalization Center
http://www.jasic.org
Transmitted by the expert from Japan
Informal document
GRB-65-06
(65th GRB, 15-17 February 2017,
agenda item 2)
1. Technical Standard
and History
in Japan
2.
Reversing alarm standard for unit ( JASO D901)
3. The attachment rate of the reversing alarm
System for new Vehicles and sound pressure level
4. Questionnaire Research ( Truck & Bus users )
Contents
2
1. Technical Standard and History in Japan
* To equip r
eversing alarms
is not mandatory.
It is allowed
to be equipped.
Reversing Alarm equipment
is
available for
Retrofit
* In 1963, a Japanese company succeeded in developing the
world’s first reversing alarm system.
*
JASO (Japanese Automobile Standards Organization)
established D901 "Reverse buzzer standard" in 1975.
3
JASO :
Japanese Automobile Standards Organization
4
2. Reversing alarm standard for unit
:
JASO
D901
D901
:
Main
requirement
s
1. Sound pressure level
:
7
5
- 95
dB
Distance from the buzzer to microphone 1m
,
measured in anechoic chamber
2. Fundamental frequency
:
400
-
4000
Hz
（no fluctuation)
3. The intermittence number per minute
:
60
-
120
count
/min
5
3. The attachment rate of the reversing alarm
system for new Vehicles
All new motor vehicles sold in Japan of categories N2, N3, and M3
are equipped with revers
ing
alarms (beep type).
6
Measuring Point same as Germany Proposal
７ｍ
0.5～1.5ｍ
Measuring Point:
Distance from the end of the vehicle
:
7m
Maximum
sound level during microphone h
e
ight
:
0.5 ～1.5ｍ
7
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
f
S
P
L
・N3 : 59.9～75
.0
ｄBA
(
Ave
.
67.4dBA
)
・M3 : 56.9～69.1ｄBA
(A
ve
.
62.6dBA
)
・N2：71.2～78.9ｄBA
(Ave
.
75.6dBA
)
N3 Ave. 67.4
M
3 Ave. 62.6
N2
Ave. 75.6
8
4
.
Q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
n
a
i
r
e
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
(
T
r
u
c
k
&
B
u
s
u
s
e
r
s
)
9
How many vehicle does your company have?
Number of company which responded our questionnaire
JRCA
JTA
NB
A
W
h
a
t
i
s
a
m
a
j
o
r
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
t
y
p
e
a
t
y
o
u
r
w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e
?
Japan Trucking Association (JTA) & Japan Road Contractors Association (JRCA)
Nihon Bus Association (NBA)
10
No. of cases. (%)
No. of cases. (%)
A
r
e
y
o
u
r
M
a
i
n
o
w
n
e
d
V
e
h
i
c
l
e
s
E
q
u
i
p
p
e
d
w
i
t
h
R
e
v
e
r
s
i
n
g
A
l
a
r
m
s
?
11
J
T
A
(
n
=
1
5
7
)
J
R
C
A
(
n
=
9
5
)
N
B
A
(
n
=
4
5
)
Almost all companies own vehicles equipped with reversing alarms.
One bus company answered "None", however all the buses owned by
the company
are
equipped with reversing camera.
D
o
y
o
u
t
h
i
n
k
m
o
t
o
r
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
s
n
e
e
d
r
e
v
e
r
s
i
n
g
a
l
a
r
m
s
?
12
No. of cases. (%)
A lot of companies answered that reversing alarm is necessary for
all motor vehicles.
5 of 6 companies who answered “not necessary for any” own
vehicles equipped with reversing camera.
Daytime
Night
13
JTA
n=145
JRCA
n=94
Just right
Somewhat quiet
Too quiet
Somewhat loud
Too loud
NBA
n=41
JTA
n=132
JRCA
n=92
NBA
n=37
Just right
Somewhat loud
Too loud
Too quiet
Somewhat quiet
14
Daytime
Night
JTA
n=41
JRCA
n=31
NBA
n=6
JTA
n=40
JRCA
n=32
NBA
n=9
Too loud
Just right
Just right
H
a
v
e
L
o
c
a
l
R
e
s
i
d
e
n
t
s
E
v
e
r
C
o
m
p
l
a
i
n
e
d
A
b
o
u
t
R
e
v
e
r
s
i
n
g
A
l
a
r
m
s
?
15
JTA
n=157
JRCA
n=97
NBA
n=49
JTA
n=36
JRCA
n=30
NBA
n=8
Yes
in the last 12 month
Yes,
but not
in the last 12 month
Never
Don’t
Know
Don’t have any motor vehicles
with reversing alarms
T
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
s
a
f
e
t
y
w
h
i
l
e
r
e
v
e
r
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
,
d
o
y
o
u
u
s
e
a
n
y
e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
o
r
t
a
k
e
a
n
y
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
o
t
h
e
r
t
h
a
n
r
e
v
e
r
s
i
n
g
a
l
a
r
m
s
?
(
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
a
n
s
w
e
r
s
a
l
l
o
w
e
d
)
16
Many companies use several equipment (especially reversing cameras)
other than reversing alarms, to ensure safety while reversing the
vehicle. 'Directional microphones' are used in Bus association only
All new motor vehicles sold in Japan of categories N2, N3, and M3 are equipped
with reverse alarms
(beep type), which are in fairly high demand from operation
managers
of automotive transport companies who own trucks and buses
.
-
Though differing somewhat depending on the vehicle category, the sound level
of reverse alarms
commonly used in Japan is typically 60–78 dB
(measured by
the method proposed by Germany).
-
Most operation managers feel the sound level of reverse alarms (60–78 dB) is
just right in the daytime, but a majority feel it is too loud at night.
-
Regarding the use of reverse alarms,
roughly half of operation managers have
received complaints from local residents.
-
In addition to reverse alarms,
most motor vehicles of categories N2, N3, and
M3 are equipped with reverse cameras to ensure safety
while reversing. In some
cases, even further measures are taken such as sonars, microphones, and
someone guiding while reversing.
Outline of the results of the survey
17
Detailed overview of the technical standards, history, and current situation of reversing alarm systems in Japan, including information on JASO D901 standard, attachment rates for new vehicles, and measurement results. Explore the development, requirements, and implementation of reversing alarms in Japanese automobile standards.
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Presentation Transcript
Transmitted by the expert from Japan Informal document GRB-65-06 (65th GRB, 15-17 February 2017, agenda item 2) Pre Study for the discussion on Reversing Alarm System" -Japanese current situations- Feb/2017 Noise Subcommittee/JASIC Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center http://www.jasic.org
Contents 1. Technical Standard and History in Japan 2. Reversing alarm standard for unit ( JASO D901) 3. The attachment rate of the reversing alarm System for new Vehicles and sound pressure level 4. Questionnaire Research ( Truck & Bus users ) 2
1. Technical Standard and History in Japan * To equip reversing alarms is not mandatory. It is allowed to be equipped. Reversing Alarm equipment is available for Retrofit * In 1963, a Japanese company succeeded in developing the world s first reversing alarm system. * JASO (Japanese Automobile Standards Organization) established D901 "Reverse buzzer standard" in 1975. 3
JASO : Japanese Automobile Standards Organization 4
2. Reversing alarm standard for unit : JASO D901 D901 : Main requirements 1. Sound pressure level Distance from the buzzer to microphone 1m, measured in anechoic chamber : 75 - 95 dB 2. Fundamental frequency : 400 - 4000 Hz no fluctuation) 3. The intermittence number per minute : 60 - 120 count/min 5
3. The attachment rate of the reversing alarm system for new Vehicles All new motor vehicles sold in Japan of categories N2, N3, and M3 are equipped with reversing alarms (beep type). Categories Company A Company B Company C Company D M3 100% 100% 100% N3 100% 100% 100% 100% N2 100% 100% 100% 100% 6
Measuring Point same as Germany Proposal Measuring Point: Distance from the end of the vehicle: 7m Maximum sound level during microphone height: 0.5 1.5 0.5 1.5 7
Measurement results of SPL N3 : 59.9 75.0 BA (Ave. 67.4dBA) N2 71.2 78.9 BA M3 : 56.9 69.1 BA (Ave. 62.6dBA) (Ave. 75.6dBA) N3 Ave. 67.4 N2 Ave. 75.6 M3 Ave. 62.6 8
4. Questionnaire Research (Truck & Bus users) Number of company which responded our questionnaire Trucking Association (JTA) Road Contractors Association (JRCA) Bus Association (NBA) Sum Responded Company Total Owned Vehicle Number 159 98 49 307 about 10,200 about 5,800 about 1,900 about 2,500 How many vehicle does your company have? 9 JRCA JTA NBA
What is a major vehicle type at your workplace? Japan Trucking Association (JTA) & Japan Road Contractors Association (JRCA) No. of cases. (%) JTA JRCA Tractors Heavy duty Medium duty Small duty Mltiple category 15 (9.4) 62 (39.0) 54 (34.0) 5 (3.1) 23 (14.5) 2 (2.0) 45 (45.9) 24 (24.5) 5 (5.1) 22 (22.5) Nihon Bus Association (NBA) No. of cases. (%) NBA Large buses Medium buses Large & Medium 41 (83.7) 2 (4.1) 6 (12.2) 10
Are your Main owned Vehicles Equipped with Reversing Alarms? NBA (n=45) JRCA (n=95) JTA (n=157) Almost all companies own vehicles equipped with reversing alarms. One bus company answered "None", however all the buses owned by the company are equipped with reversing camera. 11
Do you think motor vehicles need reversing alarms? No. of cases. (%) JTA JRCA NBA Necessary for all motor vehicles Necessary for certain types of motor vehicles Not necessary for any motor vehicles 141 (88.7) 91 (92.9) 43 (87.8) 11 (6.9) 5 (5.1) 2 (4.1) 3 (1.9) 1 (1.0) 2 (4.1) Others 2 (1.3) 1 (1.0) 0 (0) No answer 2 (1.3) 0 (0) 2 (4.1) Total 159 (100) 98 (100) 49 (100) A lot of companies answered that reversing alarm is necessary for all motor vehicles. 5 of 6 companies who answered not necessary for any own vehicles equipped with reversing camera. 12
NBA n=41 Somewhat quiet Somewhat loud JRCA n=94 Daytime Just right Too quiet Too loud JTA n=145 NBA n=37 Somewhat quiet JRCA n=92 Night Just right Somewhat loud Too loud Too quiet JTA n=132 13
NBA n=6 JRCA n=31 Daytime Just right JTA n=41 NBA n=9 JRCA n=32 Night Just right Too loud JTA n=40 14
Have Local Residents Ever Complained About Reversing Alarms? NBA n=49 Don t Know Don t have any motor vehicles with reversing alarms Yes, but not in the last 12 month Yes JRCA n=97 Never in the last 12 month JTA n=157 NBA n=8 JRCA n=30 JTA n=36 15
To ensure safety while reversing the vehicle, do you use any equipment or take any measures other than reversing alarms? (Multiple answers allowed) JTA JRCA JBA Reversing cameras 82.9 52.7 100.0 Rear sonars 2.4 7.3 12.5 Directional microphones Someone guiding while reversing Others 0.0 0.0 50.0 19.5 47.3 18.8 2.4 10.9 0.0 Many companies use several equipment (especially reversing cameras) other than reversing alarms, to ensure safety while reversing the vehicle. 'Directional microphones' are used in Bus association only 16
Outline of the results of the survey All new motor vehicles sold in Japan of categories N2, N3, and M3 are equipped with reverse alarms (beep type), which are in fairly high demand from operation managers of automotive transport companies who own trucks and buses. - Though differing somewhat depending on the vehicle category, the sound level of reverse alarms commonly used in Japan is typically 60 78 dB (measured by the method proposed by Germany). - Most operation managers feel the sound level of reverse alarms (60 78 dB) is just right in the daytime, but a majority feel it is too loud at night. - Regarding the use of reverse alarms, roughly half of operation managers have received complaints from local residents. - In addition to reverse alarms, most motor vehicles of categories N2, N3, and M3 are equipped with reverse cameras to ensure safety while reversing. In some cases, even further measures are taken such as sonars, microphones, and someone guiding while reversing. 17
