Resolution in Crystallography

Acknowledgements
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The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division, of the US
Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Robert Stroud      James Fraser 
Nick Sauter   John Tainer                        
Aina Cohen   Ana Gonzalez
http://bl831.als.lbl.gov/~jamesh/powerpoint/
ACA_resolution_2017.pptx
https://www.berstructuralbioportal.org/ssrl/
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o
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a
l
 
What is “resolution” ?
 
1.
Where do I cut my data?
2.
What do I give to refinement?
3.
What can I claim in my paper?
What is “resolution” ?
1.
Where do I cut my data?
2.
What do I give to refinement?
3.
What can I claim in my paper?
 
CC
1/2
→ 0
 
R
merge
 meaningless as I
obs
 
→ 0
 
Karplus-Diederichs paired refinement
report “R1”
 
“Straighten” Wilson Plot for maps?
 
Stick with tradition! I/
σ
 = 3
Report “3
σ
 resolution” for model?
 
σ
(F) only matters for phasing
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
 
o
u
t
e
r
-
s
h
e
l
l
 
R
m
e
r
g
e
R
merge
 at the resolution limit
Y
e
a
r
Expected R
merge 
as 
I
obs
 
→ 0
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
 
v
a
l
u
e
Averaging Gaussian error
N
u
m
b
e
r
 
o
f
 
s
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p
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e
s
 
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
d
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
 
v
a
l
u
e
Averaging Gauss/Gauss error
N
u
m
b
e
r
 
o
f
 
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
 
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
d
Take-home lesson:
 
R factors are
undefined
as 
I
obs
 → 0
 
Report as “ – “ in outer bin
 
R1 < 2*R
sigma
 
Publication criterion for chemical crystallography:
 
R1 
  
= F
o
 vs F
c
 for I/
σ
(I) > 3
R
sigma
 
 
= <
σ
(I)>/<I>
 
T
h
e
r
e
 
a
r
e
 
n
o
 
P
D
B
 
e
n
t
r
i
e
s
 
t
h
a
t
 
p
a
s
s
 
t
h
i
s
 
t
e
s
t
!
Wisdom of our ancestors
Where do I cut my data?
 
Too optimistic: add nothing but noise
Too pessimistic: series-termination error
Happy medium?
Simulate:
Random atoms, compute F
2
Add Gaussian noise, RMS = 1
Truncate
Calculate map with perfect phases
Subtract “right” map, RMS difference
R
e
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
 
c
u
t
o
f
f
 
(
Å
)
E
r
r
o
r
 
i
n
 
m
a
p
 
(
r
m
s
 
e
-
)
Optimal resolution cutoff
R
e
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
 
c
u
t
o
f
f
 
(
Å
)
C
o
r
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a
t
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C
o
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f
f
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t
Optimal resolution cutoff
R
e
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
 
c
u
t
o
f
f
 
(
Å
)
C
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
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C
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
Optimal resolution cutoff
R
e
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
 
c
u
t
o
f
f
 
(
Å
)
E
r
r
o
r
 
i
n
 
m
a
p
 
(
r
m
s
 
e
-
)
Optimal resolution cutoff
l
o
g
(
 
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
 
)
Wilson Plot
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2
.
2
 
 
 
 
 
1
.
6
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
.
3
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
.
1
 
 
 
 
 
1
.
0
 
 
 
 
 
 
0
.
9
 
 
 
 
0
.
8
5
 
 
 
 
 
0
.
8
 
 
 
 
0
.
7
5
 
 
 
 
 
0
.
7
r
e
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
 
(
Å
)
8
2
Optimum resolution cutoff is:
 
0.0 Å
 
Practically: 
CC
1/2
→ 0
What can I claim in my paper?
 
RMS error in coordinate position?
 
L
u
z
z
a
t
i
 
(
1
9
5
2
)
.
 
A
c
t
a
 
C
r
y
s
t
.
 
5
,
 
8
0
2
-
1
0
 
B
r
i
c
o
g
n
e
 
(
1
9
8
8
)
.
 
A
c
t
a
 
C
r
y
s
t
.
 
A
4
4
,
 
5
1
7
-
4
5
R
e
a
d
 
(
1
9
9
0
)
.
 
A
c
t
a
 
C
r
y
s
t
.
 
A
4
6
,
 
9
0
0
-
1
2
 
Fun fact:  
σ
(F) are 
NOT
 used in maximum-likelihood refinement
Resolution limits                    =     55.556     1.640
Number of used reflections           =      13592
Percentage observed                  =    96.6545
Percentage of free reflections       =     5.1500
Overall R factor                     =     0.2078
Free R factor                        =     0.2622
Overall weighted R factor            =     0.2006
Free weighted R factor               =     0.2470
Overall correlation coefficient      =     0.9358
Free correlation coefficient         =     0.8989
Cruickshanks DPI for coordinate error=     0.1281
DPI based on free R factor           =     0.1305
Overall figure of merit              =     0.8292
ML based su of positional parameters =     0.0800
ML based su of thermal parameters    =     2.2731
It’s in the REFMAC log!
|--(resolution: 1.53 - 38.61 A, n_refl.=31822 (all), 4.94  % free)------------|
|                                                                             |
| r_work= 0.2205 r_free= 0.2135 coordinate error (max.-lik. estimate): 0.02 A |
|                                                                             |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 4.834539                   |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
It’s in the phenix log!
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
 
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
 
(
e
-
/
Å
)
optical definition of resolution
P
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
 
(
Å
)
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
 
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
 
(
e
-
/
Å
)
optical definition of resolution
P
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
 
(
Å
)
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
 
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
 
(
e
-
/
Å
)
optical definition of resolution
P
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
 
(
Å
)
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
 
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
 
(
e
-
/
Å
)
optical definition of resolution
P
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
 
(
Å
)
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
 
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
 
(
e
-
/
Å
)
optical definition of resolution
P
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
 
(
Å
)
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
 
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
 
(
e
-
/
Å
)
optical definition of resolution
P
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
 
(
Å
)
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
 
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
 
(
e
-
/
Å
)
optical definition of resolution
P
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
 
(
Å
)
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
 
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
 
(
e
-
/
Å
)
optical definition of resolution
P
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
 
(
Å
)
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
 
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
 
(
e
-
/
Å
)
optical definition of resolution
P
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
 
(
Å
)
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
 
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
 
(
e
-
/
Å
)
optical definition of resolution
map sharpening
P
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
 
(
Å
)
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
 
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
 
(
e
-
/
Å
)
optical definition of resolution
realistic
map sharpening
P
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
 
(
Å
)
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
 
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
 
(
e
-
/
Å
)
optical definition of resolution
P
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
 
(
Å
)
"error bar" for electron density
fractional coordinate
electron density (e
-
/
Å
3
)
R
efinement
A
gainst
P
erturbed
I
nput
D
ata
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
Histogram of electron density error
(485 PDBs)
Electron Number Density (e
-
/
Å
3
)
normalized counts
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
Map error vs RMS F
o
-F
c
E
m
p
i
r
i
c
a
l
 
e
r
r
o
r
 
(
R
M
S
 
e
-
/
Å
3
)
R
M
S
 
v
a
l
u
e
 
o
f
 
m
F
o
-
D
F
c
 
m
a
p
 
(
e
-
/
Å
3
)
A
t
o
m
i
c
 
R
e
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
 
(
Å
)
“3
σ
 resolution” of model from map
r
e
f
i
n
e
d
 
a
t
o
m
i
c
 
B
 
f
a
c
t
o
r
 
(
8
π
u
x
2
)
R
M
S
 
m
a
p
e
r
r
o
r
 
(
e
-
/
Å
3
)
Number of columns, rows, sections ...............  160  132  264
Map mode ........................................    2
Start and stop points on columns, rows, sections     0  159    0
131    0  263
Grid sampling on x, y, z ........................  132  160  264
Cell dimensions .................................   43.0000
52.6100    89.1200    90.0000    90.0000    90.0000
Fast, medium, slow axes .........................    Y    X    Z
Minimum density .................................    -0.09104
Maximum density .................................     0.35006
Mean density ....................................     0.00000
Rms deviation from mean density .................     0.01954
Space-group .....................................   19
Number of titles ................................    1
It’s in the FFT log!
echo labin F1=FOFCWT PHI=PHFOFCWT | fft hklin refine_out.mtz 
ATOM    122  N   LEU A  13      -3.244  25.808  19.998  1.00 16.96           N
ATOM    123  CA  LEU A  13      -2.877  25.448  21.355  1.00 15.29           C
ATOM    124  C   LEU A  13      -2.792  23.966  21.561  1.00 17.54           C
ATOM    125  O   LEU A  13      -1.814  23.493  22.143  1.00 16.35           O
ATOM    126  CB  LEU A  13      -3.907  26.164  22.268  1.00 18.72           C
ATOM    127  CG  LEU A  13      -3.577  25.982  23.738  1.00 21.19           C
ATOM    128  CD1 LEU A  13      -2.283  26.820  24.019  1.00 19.43           C
ATOM    129  CD2 LEU A  13      -4.702  26.474  24.639  1.00 24.65           C
ATOM    130  N   SER A  14      -3.677  23.149  20.979  1.00 15.96           N
ATOM    131  CA  SER A  14      -3.646  21.711  21.061  1.00 18.26           C
ATOM    132  C   SER A  14      -2.373  21.203  20.360  1.00 18.71           C
ATOM    133  O   SER A  14      -1.747  20.315  20.930  1.00 17.47           O
ATOM    134  CB  SER A  14      -4.875  21.077  20.419  1.00 17.62           C
ATOM    135  OG ASER A  14      -4.825  19.665  20.388  0.50 20.89           O
ATOM    136  OG BSER A  14      -6.027  21.408  21.164  0.50 18.67           O
ATOM    137  N   LYS A  15      -2.045  21.772  19.215  1.00 18.03           N
ATOM    138  CA  LYS A  15      -0.799  21.361  18.555  1.00 18.12           C
ATOM    139  C   LYS A  15       0.446  21.707  19.351  1.00 18.81           C
ATOM    140  O   LYS A  15       1.400  20.948  19.411  1.00 17.77           O
ATOM    141  CB  LYS A  15      -0.700  22.034  17.177  1.00 14.49           C
ATOM    142  CG  LYS A  15      -1.727  21.368  16.256  1.00 16.12           C
ATOM    143  CD  LYS A  15      -1.663  22.147  14.936  1.00 19.40           C
ATOM    144  CE ALYS A  15      -2.725  21.614  13.986  0.50 17.42           C
ATOM    145  CE BLYS A  15      -1.750  21.211  13.750  0.50 17.01           C
ATOM    146  NZ ALYS A  15      -2.346  21.674  12.559  0.50 18.61           N
ATOM    147  NZ BLYS A  15      -3.052  20.513  13.741  0.50 18.76           N
B factors are in the PDB file
What is “resolution” ?
1.
Where do I cut my data?
2.
What do I give to refinement?
3.
What can I claim in my paper?
 
CC
1/2
→ 0
 
R
merge
 meaningless as I
obs
 
→ 0
 
Karplus-Diederichs paired refinement
report “R1”
 
“Straighten” Wilson Plot for maps?
 
Retain historical relevance? I/
σ
 = 3
Report “3
σ
 resolution” for model?
 
σ
(F) only matters for phasing
Resolution vs RMS F
o
-F
c
M
a
p
 
e
r
r
o
r
 
(
R
M
S
 
e
-
/
Å
)
R
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
 
R
e
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
 
(
Å
)
"error bar" for electron density
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
"error bar" for electron density
structure factor (e
-
/cell)
spot index
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
"error bar" for electron density
structure factor (e
-
/cell)
spot index
fractional coordinate
electron density (e
-
/
Å
3
)
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
"error bar" for electron density
structure factor (e
-
/cell)
spot index
fractional coordinate
electron density (e
-
/
Å
3
)
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
"error bar" for electron density
structure factor (e
-
/cell)
spot index
fractional coordinate
electron density (e
-
/
Å
3
)
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
"error bar" for electron density
structure factor (e
-
/cell)
spot index
fractional coordinate
electron density (e
-
/
Å
3
)
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
"error bar" for electron density
structure factor (e
-
/cell)
spot index
fractional coordinate
electron density (e
-
/
Å
3
)
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
"error bar" for electron density
structure factor (e
-
/cell)
spot index
fractional coordinate
electron density (e
-
/
Å
3
)
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
"error bar" for electron density
structure factor (e
-
/cell)
spot index
fractional coordinate
electron density (e
-
/
Å
3
)
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
"error bar" for electron density
structure factor (e
-
/cell)
spot index
fractional coordinate
electron density (e
-
/
Å
3
)
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
"error bar" for electron density
structure factor (e
-
/cell)
spot index
fractional coordinate
electron density (e
-
/
Å
3
)
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
"error bar" for electron density
structure factor (e
-
/cell)
spot index
fractional coordinate
electron density (e
-
/
Å
3
)
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
"error bar" for electron density
fractional coordinate
electron density (e
-
/
Å
3
)
R
efinement
A
gainst
P
erturbed
I
nput
D
ata
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
How does the “error” compare to “sigma”?
Electron Number Density (e
-
/
Å
3
)
normalized counts
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
How does the “error” compare to “sigma”?
Electron Number Density (e
-
/
Å
3
)
normalized counts
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
How does the “error” compare to “sigma”?
Electron Number Density (e
-
/
Å
3
)
normalized counts
0
.
1
2
5
 
e
-
/
Å
3
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
What is the “error” in 2Fo-Fc “sigma” units?
traditional “sigma” units (
multples of rms(
-

) relative to 

)
normalized counts
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
What is the “error” in Fo-Fc “sigma” units?
traditional “sigma” units (
multples of rms(
-

) relative to 

)
normalized counts
L
a
n
g
 
e
t
 
a
l
.
 
(
2
0
1
4
)
 
P
N
A
S
 
U
S
A
 
1
1
1
,
 
2
3
7
-
2
4
2
.
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Explore the intricacies of crystallography resolution, data cutting strategies, and publication criteria in chemical crystallography. Learn about R factors, Gaussian error averaging, and the importance of accurate data reporting. Discover the wisdom of our ancestors in crystallography research.

  • Crystallography
  • Resolution
  • R Factors
  • Data Analysis
  • Publication Criteria

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  1. http://bl831.als.lbl.gov/~jamesh/powerpoint/ACA_resolution_2017.pptxhttp://bl831.als.lbl.gov/~jamesh/powerpoint/ACA_resolution_2017.pptx Acknowledgements Robert Stroud James Fraser Nick Sauter John Tainer Aina Cohen Ana Gonzalez UCSF LBNL SLAC ALS 8.3.1 creator: Tom Alber UC Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives (MRPI) UCSF Program for Breakthrough Biomedical Research (PBBR) one-time NIH-DOE Inter-agency agreement (IAA) GM117126 to Sauter (DIALS) Integrated Diffraction Analysis Technologies (IDAT) Plexxikon, Inc. Synchrotron Radiation Structural Biology Resource (SLAC) The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division, of the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

  2. DOE BER Structural Biology Portal https://www.berstructuralbioportal.org/ssrl/

  3. What is resolution ? 1. Where do I cut my data? 2. What do I give to refinement? 3. What can I claim in my paper?

  4. Rmerge at the resolution limit 0.6 Average outer-shell Rmerge 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1993 1995 1998 2001 2004 2006 2009 2012 2014 2017 Year

  5. Expected Rmerge as Iobs 0 obs I I = R merge obs I

  6. Averaging Gaussian error 0.5 0.4 average 0.3 Average value 0.2 0.1 0 0.45 -0.1 histogram 0.4 0.35 gaussian 0.3 -0.2 0.25 0.2 0.15 -0.3 0.1 0.05 0 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -0.4 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Number of samples averaged

  7. Averaging Gauss/Gauss error 3 average 2 1 Average value 0 -1 -2 0.45 0.4 histogram 0.35 gaussian 0.3 -3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 -4 0.05 0 -0.05 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -5 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 Number of samples averaged

  8. Take-home lesson: R factors are undefined as Iobs 0 Report as in outer bin

  9. Wisdom of our ancestors Publication criterion for chemical crystallography: R1 < 2*Rsigma R1 Rsigma = < (I)>/<I> = Fo vs Fc for I/ (I) > 3 There are no PDB entries that pass this test!

  10. Where do I cut my data? Too optimistic: add nothing but noise Too pessimistic: series-termination error Happy medium? Simulate: Random atoms, compute F2 Add Gaussian noise, RMS = 1 Truncate Calculate map with perfect phases Subtract right map, RMS difference

  11. Optimal resolution cutoff 0.02 total error series termination noise in data 0.018 0.016 Error in map (rms e-) 0.014 0.012 0.01 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 Resolution cutoff ( )

  12. Optimal resolution cutoff 0.19 total error CC1/2 CCtrue Correlation Coefficient 0.14 0.09 0.04 -0.01 0.8 0.9 Resolution cutoff ( ) 1 1.1

  13. Optimal resolution cutoff 0.19 total error CC1/2 CCtrue CC* Correlation Coefficient 0.14 0.09 0.04 -0.01 0.8 0.9 Resolution cutoff ( ) 1 1.1

  14. Wilson Plot 100000 2 True F xdsconv truncate 10000 1000 log( intensity ) 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001 0.000001 2.2 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.75 0.7 8 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 resolution ( )

  15. Optimum resolution cutoff is: 0.0 Practically: CC1/2 0

  16. What can I claim in my paper? RMS error in coordinate position? Fun fact: (F) are NOT used in maximum-likelihood refinement Bricogne (1988). Acta Cryst. A44, 517-45 Read (1990). Acta Cryst. A46, 900-12 Luzzati (1952). Acta Cryst. 5, 802-10

  17. Its in the REFMAC log! Resolution limits = 55.556 1.640 Number of used reflections = 13592 Percentage observed = 96.6545 Percentage of free reflections = 5.1500 Overall R factor = 0.2078 Free R factor = 0.2622 Overall weighted R factor = 0.2006 Free weighted R factor = 0.2470 Overall correlation coefficient = 0.9358 Free correlation coefficient = 0.8989 Cruickshanks DPI for coordinate error= 0.1281 DPI based on free R factor = 0.1305 Overall figure of merit = 0.8292 ML based su of positional parameters = 0.0800 ML based su of thermal parameters = 2.2731

  18. Its in the phenix log! |--(resolution: 1.53 - 38.61 A, n_refl.=31822 (all), 4.94 % free)------------| | | | r_work= 0.2205 r_free= 0.2135 coordinate error (max.-lik. estimate): 0.02 A | | | | x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 4.834539 | |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|

  19. optical definition of resolution 1.4 atom1 atom2 sum 1.2 Electron density (e-/ ) 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Position ( )

  20. optical definition of resolution 1.4 atom1 atom2 sum 1.2 Electron density (e-/ ) 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Position ( )

  21. optical definition of resolution 1.4 atom1 atom2 sum 1.2 Electron density (e-/ ) 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Position ( )

  22. optical definition of resolution 1.4 atom1 atom2 sum 1.2 Electron density (e-/ ) 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Position ( )

  23. optical definition of resolution 1.4 atom1 atom2 sum 1.2 Electron density (e-/ ) 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Position ( )

  24. optical definition of resolution 1.4 atom1 atom2 sum 1.2 Electron density (e-/ ) 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Position ( )

  25. optical definition of resolution 1.4 atom1 atom2 sum 1.2 Electron density (e-/ ) 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Position ( )

  26. optical definition of resolution 1.4 atom1 atom2 sum 1.2 Electron density (e-/ ) 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Position ( )

  27. optical definition of resolution 1.4 atom1 atom2 sum 1.2 Electron density (e-/ ) 0.849 FWHM 1 0.8 0.6 FWHM 0.4 0.2 0 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Position ( )

  28. optical definition of resolution 12 atom1 atom2 sum 10 Electron density (e-/ ) map sharpening 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Position ( )

  29. optical definition of resolution 13 atom1 atom2 sum 11 realistic 9 Electron density (e-/ ) map sharpening 7 5 3 1 -1 -3 -5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Position ( )

  30. optical definition of resolution 0.8 electron density error bar 0.7 Electron density (e-/ ) 0.6 0.5 84% 0.4 98% 0.3 99.9% 0.2 0.1 0 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 Position ( )

  31. "error bar" for electron density Refinement Against Perturbed Input Data 1.1 2Fo-Fc 1 sigma(2Fo-Fc) 0.9 0.8 electron density (e-/ 3) 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 fractional coordinate Lang et al. (2014) PNAS USA111, 237-242.

  32. Map error vs RMS Fo-Fc 0.3 pdb entries x=y 0.25 Empirical error (RMS e-/ 3) 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 RMS value of mFo-DFc map (e-/ 3)

  33. 3resolution of model from map 7 RMS map error (e-/ 3) Atomic Resolution ( ) 6 0.1 0.125 0.2 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 refined atomic B factor (8 ux2)

  34. Its in the FFT log! echo labin F1=FOFCWT PHI=PHFOFCWT | fft hklin refine_out.mtz Number of columns, rows, sections ............... 160 132 264 Map mode ........................................ 2 Start and stop points on columns, rows, sections 0 159 0 131 0 263 Grid sampling on x, y, z ........................ 132 160 264 Cell dimensions ................................. 43.0000 52.6100 89.1200 90.0000 90.0000 90.0000 Fast, medium, slow axes ......................... Y X Z Minimum density ................................. -0.09104 Maximum density ................................. 0.35006 Mean density .................................... 0.00000 Rms deviation from mean density ................. 0.01954 Space-group ..................................... 19 Number of titles ................................ 1

  35. B factors are in the PDB file ATOM 122 N LEU A 13 -3.244 25.808 19.998 1.00 16.96 N ATOM 123 CA LEU A 13 -2.877 25.448 21.355 1.00 15.29 C ATOM 124 C LEU A 13 -2.792 23.966 21.561 1.00 17.54 C ATOM 125 O LEU A 13 -1.814 23.493 22.143 1.00 16.35 O ATOM 126 CB LEU A 13 -3.907 26.164 22.268 1.00 18.72 C ATOM 127 CG LEU A 13 -3.577 25.982 23.738 1.00 21.19 C ATOM 128 CD1 LEU A 13 -2.283 26.820 24.019 1.00 19.43 C ATOM 129 CD2 LEU A 13 -4.702 26.474 24.639 1.00 24.65 C ATOM 130 N SER A 14 -3.677 23.149 20.979 1.00 15.96 N ATOM 131 CA SER A 14 -3.646 21.711 21.061 1.00 18.26 C ATOM 132 C SER A 14 -2.373 21.203 20.360 1.00 18.71 C ATOM 133 O SER A 14 -1.747 20.315 20.930 1.00 17.47 O ATOM 134 CB SER A 14 -4.875 21.077 20.419 1.00 17.62 C ATOM 135 OG ASER A 14 -4.825 19.665 20.388 0.50 20.89 O ATOM 136 OG BSER A 14 -6.027 21.408 21.164 0.50 18.67 O ATOM 137 N LYS A 15 -2.045 21.772 19.215 1.00 18.03 N ATOM 138 CA LYS A 15 -0.799 21.361 18.555 1.00 18.12 C ATOM 139 C LYS A 15 0.446 21.707 19.351 1.00 18.81 C ATOM 140 O LYS A 15 1.400 20.948 19.411 1.00 17.77 O ATOM 141 CB LYS A 15 -0.700 22.034 17.177 1.00 14.49 C ATOM 142 CG LYS A 15 -1.727 21.368 16.256 1.00 16.12 C ATOM 143 CD LYS A 15 -1.663 22.147 14.936 1.00 19.40 C ATOM 144 CE ALYS A 15 -2.725 21.614 13.986 0.50 17.42 C

  36. What is resolution ? CC1/2 0 1. Where do I cut my data? Rmerge meaningless as Iobs 0 Straighten Wilson Plot for maps? 2. What do I give to refinement? Karplus-Diederichs paired refinement report R1 (F) only matters for phasing 3. What can I claim in my paper? Retain historical relevance? I/ = 3 Report 3 resolution for model?

  37. Resolution vs RMS Fo-Fc 0.3 0.25 Map error (RMS e-/ ) 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Reported Resolution ( )

  38. "error bar" for electron density 0.4 Fobs 0.3 structure factor (e-/cell) 0.2 0.1 0 0 5 10 15 20 spot index Lang et al. (2014) PNAS USA111, 237-242.

  39. "error bar" for electron density 0.4 1.1 Fobs Fcalc 1 Fcalc 0.9 0.3 0.8 structure factor (e-/cell) electron density (e-/ 3) 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 -0.1 0 0 5 10 15 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 spot index fractional coordinate Lang et al. (2014) PNAS USA111, 237-242.

  40. "error bar" for electron density 0.4 1.1 Fcalc Fobs 1 Fcalc 2Fo-Fc 0.9 0.3 0.8 structure factor (e-/cell) electron density (e-/ 3) 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 -0.1 0 0 5 10 15 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 spot index fractional coordinate Lang et al. (2014) PNAS USA111, 237-242.

  41. "error bar" for electron density 0.4 1.1 Fkicked Fcalc 1 Fcalc 0.9 0.3 0.8 structure factor (e-/cell) electron density (e-/ 3) 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 -0.1 0 0 5 10 15 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 spot index fractional coordinate Lang et al. (2014) PNAS USA111, 237-242.

  42. "error bar" for electron density 0.4 1.1 Fkicked Fcalc 1 Fcalc 0.9 0.3 0.8 structure factor (e-/cell) electron density (e-/ 3) 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 -0.1 0 0 5 10 15 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 spot index fractional coordinate Lang et al. (2014) PNAS USA111, 237-242.

  43. "error bar" for electron density 0.4 1.1 Fkicked Fcalc 1 Fcalc 2Fo-Fc 0.9 0.3 0.8 structure factor (e-/cell) electron density (e-/ 3) 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 -0.1 0 0 5 10 15 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 spot index fractional coordinate Lang et al. (2014) PNAS USA111, 237-242.

  44. "error bar" for electron density 0.4 1.1 Fkicked Fcalc 1 Fcalc 2Fo-Fc 0.9 0.3 0.8 structure factor (e-/cell) electron density (e-/ 3) 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 -0.1 0 0 5 10 15 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 spot index fractional coordinate Lang et al. (2014) PNAS USA111, 237-242.

  45. "error bar" for electron density 0.4 1.1 Fkicked Fcalc 1 Fcalc 2Fo-Fc 0.9 0.3 0.8 structure factor (e-/cell) electron density (e-/ 3) 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 -0.1 0 0 5 10 15 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 spot index fractional coordinate Lang et al. (2014) PNAS USA111, 237-242.

  46. "error bar" for electron density 0.4 1.1 Fkicked Fcalc 1 Fcalc 2Fo-Fc 0.9 0.3 0.8 structure factor (e-/cell) electron density (e-/ 3) 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 -0.1 0 0 5 10 15 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 spot index fractional coordinate Lang et al. (2014) PNAS USA111, 237-242.

  47. "error bar" for electron density 0.4 1.1 Fkicked Fcalc 1 Fcalc 2Fo-Fc 0.9 0.3 0.8 structure factor (e-/cell) electron density (e-/ 3) 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 -0.1 0 0 5 10 15 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 spot index fractional coordinate Lang et al. (2014) PNAS USA111, 237-242.

  48. "error bar" for electron density 0.4 1.1 Fcalc Fobs 1 Fcalc 2Fo-Fc 0.9 0.3 0.8 structure factor (e-/cell) electron density (e-/ 3) 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 -0.1 0 0 5 10 15 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 spot index fractional coordinate Lang et al. (2014) PNAS USA111, 237-242.

  49. "error bar" for electron density 0.4 1.1 2Fo-Fc Fobs 1 sigma(2Fo-Fc) Fcalc 0.9 0.3 0.8 structure factor (e-/cell) electron density (e-/ 3) 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 -0.1 0 0 5 10 15 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 spot index fractional coordinate Lang et al. (2014) PNAS USA111, 237-242.

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