Research Interpretation and Report Writing in Management Studies
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Research Methods in Management
P16MBA12
Unit V
Interpretation and Report writing
Meaning of Interpretation
Interpretation refers to the task of drawing
inferences from the collected facts after an
analytical and/or experimental study. In
fact, it is a search for broader meaning of
research findings.
Techniques of interpretation
Generalisation made; Concepts
formulated
Irrelevant information must also be
considered
Consulting someone having insight into
the study will result in correct
interpretation
The researcher should not be hurry while
interpreting the results
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Definition
Research report is a condensed form or a
brief description of the research work done
by the researcher. It involves several steps to
present the report in the form of thesis or
dissertation
Significance of Report writing
•
It is considered a major component of the
research study
•
It should give complete picture of problem
under investigation
•
Writing reports need skills
•
Reports discloses unknown information
•
A good report is one which is drafted in
simple and clear language
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L
ogical analysis of the subject matter
Preparation of the final outline
Preparation of the rough draft
Rewriting and polishing
Preparation of the final bibliography
writing the final draft
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The layout of the research report should
comprise
1) The Introductory section
2) The main body of the report
3)The reference section
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Types of Reports
Technical Report
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Where policy recommendations are indicated by
project results, the oral presentation is effective
The oral presentation should be supplemented by
visual devices
The merit of this approach is that it provides an
opportunity for give and take decisions
The lack of permanent record is its demerit
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:
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Un ruled paper 8.5”x11”
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Black or Blue ink
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Margins
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Double spaced on one side of the page
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Various steps in writing report should be strictly adhered
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Well thought and appropriate
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Objectives and nature of the problems to be considered
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Quotation marks
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Double spaced
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If it is more than 4 or 5 lines, single spaced
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F
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Placed at the bottom of the page
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Numbered consecutively
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Single spaced
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a) Regarding the single volume reference
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Author’s name in normal order
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Title of the work underlined to indicate in italics
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Place and date of publication
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The page number
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Author’s name in the normal order
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Title of work, underlined to indicate italics
•
Place and date of publication
•
Number of volume
•
The page number
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No pagination is needed
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Name of the author in normal order
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Title of the article in quotation marks
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Name of periodicals, underlined to indicate italics
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Volume number
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Date of issuance
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Pagination
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P
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Author’s name should be followed by comma
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First word, proper nouns and adjectives should be
capitalised
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Title is followed by comma
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Place of publication may be mentioned in abbreviated
form
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Statistics presented in the form of tables, charts, bars and
line graphs and pictograms
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The presentation should be neat and attractive
9
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Revising and rewriting the rough draft of the repot
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Are the sentences clear?
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Grammatically correct?
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Whether it is logical?
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It is prepared and appended to the research report
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It is a good guide for the report
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Prepared in two ways: subject index and author index
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Always arranged alphabetically
Precautions of writing Research
Reports
It should be long enough to cover the subject but short
enough to maintain interest
It should sustain reader’s interest
It should be written in simple language
It must provide a ready availability of findings
The report should be free from grammatical mistakes
It should show originality
Appendices should be enlisted in respect of all the
technical data
Report must be attractive in appearance, neat and clean
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The computers assist the researcher throughout
different phases of reaserch process.
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Computers help for searching the literature and
bibliographic references stored in the electronic
database of the world wide webs.
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Several softwares are available to calculate the sample size
required for a proposed study. NCSS – PASS – GESS is such
software
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Computers help in data entry, data editing, data management
including follow up actions.
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Softwares like SPSS, NCSS – PASS, STATA and Sysat are used to
perform the mathematical part of the research process
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The research article is typed in word format and converted to
portable data format (PDF) and stored and/ or published in the
World Wide Web
Interpretation in research involves drawing inferences from collected facts to find broader meanings of findings. Techniques such as generalization, concept formulation, and consulting experts help ensure correct interpretation. Writing research reports is a crucial component, requiring logical analysis, drafting outlines, polishing, and clear language. The report layout typically includes introductory, main body, and reference sections, while the research report itself provides a condensed description of the research work done. Proper report writing skills are essential to disclose unknown information effectively and present a complete picture of the problem under investigation.
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Presentation Transcript
Dr. A. DIRAVIAM Dept. of Management Studies Bharathidasan University Constituent Arts & Science College Nannilam
Research Methods in Management P16MBA12 Unit V Interpretation and Report writing
Meaning of Interpretation Interpretation refers to the task of drawing inferences from the collected facts after an analytical and/or experimental study. In fact, it is a search for broader meaning of research findings.
Techniques of interpretation Generalisation made; Concepts formulated Irrelevant information must also considered Consulting someone having insight into the study will result in correct interpretation The researcher should not be hurry while interpreting the results be
Research Report Definition Research report is a condensed form or a brief description of the research work done by the researcher. It involves several steps to present the report in the form of thesis or dissertation
Significance of Report writing It is considered a major component of the research study It should give complete picture of problem under investigation Writing reports need skills Reports discloses unknown information A good report is one which is drafted in simple and clear language
Different steps in writing report Logical analysis of the subject matter Preparation of the final outline Preparation of the rough draft Rewriting and polishing Preparation of the final bibliography writing the final draft
Layout of the Research Report The layout of the research report should comprise 1) The Introductory section 2) The main body of the report 3)The reference section
Title page Acknowledge ments Abstract The Introductory section List of figures Table of contents List of tables
The body of the report SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION DESIGN OF THE STUDY ANALYSIS OF DATA RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statement of the problem Description of Research Design and Sources of Data Tables Conclusion Major findings significance of the problem Figures Recommendat ions for further REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Purpose Investigation Sampling procedures statement of hypothesis Methods of data gathering Limitations Definition of important terms Statistical Treatment
The reference section References/ Bibliography Appendices
Types of Reports a) Technical Report b) Popular Report
Technical Report A technical report is a document that describes the process, progress or results of technical or scientific research
Outline of a Technical Report Summary of results Nature of the study Index Technical appendices Methods employed Data Bibliography Analysis of data and presentation of findings Conclusions
Popular Report The popular report is one which gives emphasis on simplicity and attractiveness
Outline of a Popular Report The findings and their implications Recommendations for action Objective of the study Methods employed Technical appendices Results
O R A L Where policy recommendations are indicated by project results, the oral presentation is effective P R E S E N T A T I O N The oral presentation should be supplemented by visual devices The merit of this approach is that it provides an opportunity for give and take decisions The lack of permanent record is its demerit
Mechanics of writing a Research Report 1. Size of physical design: Un ruled paper 8.5 x11 Black or Blue ink Margins Double spaced on one side of the page 2. Procedure Various steps in writing report should be strictly adhered 3. Layout Well thought and appropriate Objectives and nature of the problems to be considered
4. Treatment of quotations Quotation marks Double spaced If it is more than 4 or 5 lines, single spaced 5. Foot notes Placed at the bottom of the page Numbered consecutively Single spaced 6. Documentation style a) Regarding the single volume reference Author s name in normal order Title of the work underlined to indicate in italics Place and date of publication The page number
b) Regarding multi volumed reference Author s name in the normal order Title of work, underlined to indicate italics Place and date of publication Number of volume The page number c) Regarding works arranged alphabetically No pagination is needed d) Regarding periodicals reference Name of the author in normal order Title of the article in quotation marks Name of periodicals, underlined to indicate italics Volume number Date of issuance Pagination
7. Punctuation: Author s name should be followed by comma First word, proper nouns and adjectives should be capitalised Title is followed by comma Place of publication may be mentioned in abbreviated form 8. Use of statistics, charts and graphs Statistics presented in the form of tables, charts, bars and line graphs and pictograms The presentation should be neat and attractive
9. The final draft Revising and rewriting the rough draft of the repot Are the sentences clear? Grammatically correct? Whether it is logical? 10. Bibliography It is prepared and appended to the research report 11. Preparation of the index It is a good guide for the report Prepared in two ways: subject index and author index Always arranged alphabetically
Precautions of writing Research Reports It should be long enough to cover the subject but short enough to maintain interest It should sustain reader s interest It should be written in simple language It must provide a ready availability of findings The report should be free from grammatical mistakes It should show originality Appendices should be enlisted in respect of all the technical data Report must be attractive in appearance, neat and clean
Role of computers in Research The computers assist the researcher throughout different phases of reaserch process. Phases of Research process i) Role of computer in conceptual phase Computers help for searching the literature and bibliographic references stored in the electronic database of the world wide webs.
ii) Role of computers in design and planning phase Several softwares are available to calculate the sample size required for a proposed study. NCSS PASS GESS is such software iii) Role of computers in empirical phase Computers help in data entry, data editing, data management including follow up actions. iv) Role of computers in Data Analysis Softwares like SPSS, NCSS PASS, STATA and Sysat are used to perform the mathematical part of the research process v) Role of computers in Research Dissemination The research article is typed in word format and converted to portable data format (PDF) and stored and/ or published in the World Wide Web
