Rediscovering Missional Identity: A Biblical Perspective

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For the Sake of the World: Getting Our
Missional Identity Straight
 
Michael Goheen
Trinity Western University, Langley, B.C.
 
Traditional Understanding of Mission
 
Geographical expansion
From Christian West to non-Christian non-West
(mission field)
 
Problem with Traditional
Understanding
 
Growth of the Third World church: Numbers,
vitality, missions
Decline of Western church: Numbers, vitality,
missions
Too narrow
New Understanding of Mission Today
 
God’s mission: Long-term purpose to restore
creation
Church’s mission: Participation at God’s
invitation and command in His mission
Sender (Jesus); Sent (whole church)
Mission is 
to
, 
from
, and 
in
 all six continents
Mission not one activity of church but 
identity
of church
 
Missio Dei
 
 
‘Bible renders to us the story of God’s mission
through God’s people in their engagement with
God’s world for the sake of the whole of God’s
creation.’
 
 
‘Fundamentally, our mission (if it is biblically
informed and validated) means our committed
participation as God’s people, at God’s invitation
and command, in God’s own mission, within the
history of God’s world for the redemption of God’s
creation.’
 (Chris Wright)
 
Bible as One True Story
 
Bible as true story of the world
Role of God’s people in this story
 
 
“The whole point of Christianity is that it
offers a story which is the story of the
whole world.  It is public truth” (N.T.
Wright).”
 
Role of church in story of Bible
 
What is the role of the church in this story?
Old Testament people of God:
Abraham: Chosen to be a channel of blessing to
the nations (Gen 12.1-3)
Sinai: A light to the nations (Ex 19.3-6)
On display in the land
Failure and scattering
Prophetic promise
 
Prophetic Promise
 
Coming of the kingdom
Gathering of Israel
Purification of Israel (e.g., Ezek. 36.24-27)
Gathering in of all nations
Growing hope in intertestamental period
 
Starting point: Gospel of Kingdom
 
Jesus announces that the kingdom has come
(Mark 1.15-16)
“God is acting in power and love through
Jesus and by the Spirit to restore all of human
life and all of the creation to again live under
God’s loving rule.”
Already
 here but 
not yet 
arrived
Spirit   Messiah
Spirit   Messiah
Sin
Death
Evil
Satan
Knowledge
of God
Love
Joy
Justice
AGE TO COME
Prophetic Expectation
Prophetic Expectation
OLD AGE
Powers of
        sin
   death
       evil
     Satan
Power of
 Spirit’s
 renewing
work
AGE TO COME
OLD AGE
New Testament Fulfillment
New Testament Fulfillment
 
Why the overlap?
 
 
The meaning of this ‘overlap of the ages’ in which we live,
the time between the coming of Christ and His coming
again, is that it is the time given for the witness of the
apostolic Church to the ends of the earth. The end of all
things, which has been revealed in Christ, is—so to say—
held back until the witness has been borne to the whole
world concerning the judgment and salvation revealed in
Christ. The implication of a true eschatological perspective
will be missionary obedience, and the eschatology which
does not issue in such obedience is a false eschatology.
(Newbigin)
 
Already-not yet: Time of gathering
 
Parable of the Great Banquet (Lk. 14.15-24)
Delay in coming of the end
Gathering of the lost sheep of Israel (Jesus)
Gathering of the nations
 
Gathering, Purified, Sent on a Mission
 
Jesus gathers the lost sheep of Israel (Matt.
15.24)
Jesus purifies gathered community and gives
Spirit and new heart: Death, resurrection,
Spirit
Sent on a mission (John 20.21)
 
Era of Witness
 
Making known kingdom
 
Accomplishing kingdom
 
Continuing kingdom mission
 
Making Known the Kingdom
Jesus:
 
Announced the kingdom with his words
Demonstrated the kingdom with his deeds
Embodied the kingdom with his life
Prayed for the coming of the kingdom
Struggled against opposition to kingdom
Formed kingdom community
 
Sending of the church
 
‘As the Father has sent me, I am sending you.’
‘Jesus has not left us with a rigid model for action;
rather he inspired his disciples to prolong the logic
of his own action in a creative way amid the new
and different historical circumstances in which the
community would have to proclaim the gospel.’
(Bosch).
Need to accomplish kingdom: cross, resurrection,
ascension, Pentecost
 
A Witnessing Community (Acts 1.6-8)
 
Now you’re going to restore the kingdom,
right? (1.6)
Not for you to know when (1.7)
Until then you are a witnessing community
starting here to the ends of the earth (1.8)
You’ll need the Spirit (1.8)
 
Spirit, foretaste, and preview
 
Spirit gives a 
foretaste 
of the kingdom
Foretaste is real taste now
Complete meal coming in the future
Constitutes church as 
previews
 of kingdom
Preview is real footage of coming
movie/kingdom
Designed to interest viewer in coming
movie/kingdom
Church in midst of world as picture of
salvation that is coming
 
Three Marks of Church: Acts 2:42-47
 
Devotion to apostles’ teaching, fellowship,
breaking of bread, and prayer: Celebrating
and nourishing kingdom life (v. 42)
Life of kingdom manifested: Attractive ‘good
news people’ (v. 43- 47)
Lord adds to number (v. 47)
 
Church as Missionary Community: Nearby
and Far Away
 
   
Pattern in Antioch (Acts 11, 13)
 
‘Evidence of the grace of God’ (11.23)
‘Great number of people were brought to the
Lord’ (11.24)
Sent Paul and Barnabas to establish
witnessing communities in areas where there
was none (13.1-3)
 
Paul’s Pattern
 
Pioneer church planting (Rom. 15:23)
Three missionary journeys
Build them up for faithful witness
Visits on journeys
Letters
Ending of Acts: 28 and 29?
 
Why so abrupt?  Loose ends?
Story of Acts has not ended
Continues today until Christ returns
 
. . . the ending of Acts is truly an opening to the
continuing life of the messianic people,
as it continues to preach the kingdom and
teach the things concerning Jesus both
boldly and without hindrance (Johnson).
 
Mission of the church today
 
Being a light to the nations: Continuing the
mission of Israel (Ex 19.3-6 cf. 1 Pet 2.9)
Making known the kingdom: Continuing the
mission of Jesus (John 20.21)
Bearing faithful witness: Continuing the
mission of the early church
 
Lesslie Newbigin: Missionary nature
of the church
 
 
‘ “
As the Father has sent me, so I send you” defines the very
being of the Church as mission. In this sense everything that the
Church is and does can be and should be part of mission.’
 
 
Esse
 of the church not the 
bene esse
 
‘Without mission, the Church simply falls to the ground. We
must say bluntly that when the Church ceases to be a mission,
then she ceases to have any right to the titles by which she is
adorned in the New Testament.’
      
(Lesslie Newbigin)
 
For the sake of the world
 
 
‘The church does not exist for itself or for
what it can offer its members. When the
church tries to order its life simply in relation
to its own concerns and for the purposes of its
own continued existence, it is untrue to its
proper nature.’ (Newbigin)
 
Church as sign, instrument, firstfruit (or
foretaste) of the kingdom
 
 
The business of this 7 percent [church in Madras]
is to be an effective sign, instrument, and firstfruit
of God’s purpose for the whole city. Each of those
three words is important. They are to be a 
sign
,
pointing men to something that is beyond their
present horizon but can give guidance and hope
now; an 
instrument
 (not the only one) that God can
use for his work of healing, liberating, and
blessing; and a 
firstfruit—
a place where men and
women can have a real taste now of the joy and
freedom God intends for all. (Newbigin)
 
Mission
 
First order of business: Getting our missional
identity straight
Activities and commitments that flow from
this identity
undefined
 
For the Sake of the World:
Living as God’s Missionary
People
 
Knox Presbyterian Church, Toronto, ON
Mission Conference
 
Michael Goheen
Trinity Western University, Langley, B.C.
 
Living as God’s Missionary People:
Five Characteristics
 
Lifestyle: Live as a contrast community
Live out a missionary encounter in their
callings
Involved in social needs of neighbourhood
and world
Evangelistic
Take part in missions
 
 
 
A Contrast Community
 
People of love and truth over against
pluralism and relativism
People of selfless giving over against a
culture of selfishness
People of justice over against economic and
ecological injustice
People of hope over against despair and
consumer satiation
 
Missionary Encounter in Our Callings
 
 
“A missionary encounter with the West will have to be
primarily a ministry of the laity.” (Bosch)
 
 
. . . There is a “deep-seated and persistent failure of the
churches to recognize that the primary witness to the
sovereignty of Christ must be given, and can only be given,
in the ordinary secular work of lay men and women in
business, in politics, in professional work, as farmer,
factory workers and so on.”
 
 
“ . . . the enormous preponderance of the Church’s witness
is the witness of the thousands of its members who work in
field, home, office, mill, or law court.” (Newbigin)
 
Need for community
 
A fellowship that nourishes the life of Christ through
the Word and sacraments.
A fellowship that supports: encouragement, prayer,
financial support, and insight.
Structures that equip: study of culture, sharing of
struggles, professional gatherings, small groups,
frontier groups (groups of Christians working in the
same sectors of public life, meeting to thrash out the
controversial issues of their business or profession in
the light of their faith).
A leadership that enables.
 
Social involvement
 
Jesus’ ministry of justice and mercy
Global need
 
Global Crises and Social Need
 
Environmental degradation
Worldwide arms race/nuclear threat
Crippling ideologies
Hunger scandal
Inappropriate food/agricultural policies worldwide and Family
farm crisis
Unemployment
Increasing gap between rich + poor
Population explosion
Colonial legacy
Multinational corporations + 3rd world leaders
AIDS
Third world debt
 
Social involvement
 
Jesus’ ministry of justice and mercy
Global need
Good news in your own neighbourhood
 
Neighbourhood involvement
 
A church that exists for itself?
Or “a community that does not live for itself
but is deeply involved in the concerns of its
neighbourhood.”
Opportunities . . .
Opportunity blindness
 
Evangelism
 
Indispensible part of church’s mission
Only effective if church is attractive
demonstration of kingdom
Good news of the kingdom
Invitation
Sales pitch or good news
Relating good news to all of life
 
Organic or Methodological
Evangelism
 
 
One of the fundamental laws of all presentation of
the Christian truth everywhere in the world is that
this truth is vitally related to all spheres and
problems of life, the most common and trivial as
well as the most elevated. . . . The radically religious
view of life as embodied in Biblical realism is of the
same vital significance to man’s relation to his friend
or fellow-villager, or to the way in which he spends
his money or works his fields or accepts his material
successes or adversities, as to the nurture of his
spiritual life or to his religious needs and experiences
in the more restricted sense of the word (Kraemer).
 
Missions
 
One part of task of mission
Establish a gospel witness where there is none
or where it is weak
Will sometimes be overseas/cross- cultural
but not always
 
Missions
 
“And this gospel of the kingdom will be
preached in the whole world as a testimony to
all nations, and then the end will come
(Matthew 24:14).
Missions: 
Important part
 of mission of church
Missions: 
Horizon
 of church’s mission
 
Why is this distinction important?
 
“The scandal of the disproportionate
allocation of missionary resources” (Myer)
In the unevangelized part of God’s world…
About 5.6% of income to Christians went to
foreign missions. Only 0.36% of this went to
sharing the gospel with the 1.2 billion people in
the least-evangelized world.
 
 
 
World Need
 
Unreached people groups: 11874 ethno-
linguistic groups in the world; 3915
unreached
10-40 Window
 
10-40 Window
 
In 10-40 Window we find . . .
 
Half the world’s population
 The 55 least evangelized countries in the world;
97% of people in least evangelized countries
 The heart of Islam
 The three main religious blocks--Islam, Buddhist,
and Hindu
 80% of the poorest of the poor live there
 Less that 10% of missionaries there
 
10-40 Window
 
In the least-evangelized part of God’s
world…
 
Live 86% of the world’s people groups, of
which less than 2% are Christian.
Live over 80% of the world’s poorest people.
There are 34 Muslim countries, 7 Buddhist
nations, 3 Marxist nations and 2 Hindu
countries.
 
Source: 
World Christian Encyclopedia, 
2001
 
 
World Need
 
Unreached people groups: 11874 ethno-
linguistic groups in the world; 3915
unreached
10-40 Window
Asia
 
Need in Asia
 
Over half of the world’s population
 6 countries less than .1% Christian
 15 of 26 countries have less than 1%
Christian
 2658 ethno-linguistic groups; 1600 not
evangelized
 
Need in Asia Slums
 
Most unreached
Fastest growing
Most responsive
Least targeted!
 
Questions for churches and Christians
 
What is your role in the mission of the
church?
 How can you contribute to the task of
missions?
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Embracing a new understanding of mission rooted in God's redemptive purpose for creation, this content challenges the traditional missionary approaches and highlights the vital role of the Church in participating in God's ongoing mission. Through insightful reflections on Missio Dei and the Bible as the true story of the world, it calls believers to align their mission with the biblical narrative of redemption and restoration.

  • Missional Identity
  • Missionary Approaches
  • Churchs Role
  • Biblical Perspective
  • Redemption

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  1. For the Sake of the World: Getting Our Missional Identity Straight Michael Goheen Trinity Western University, Langley, B.C.

  2. Traditional Understanding of Mission Geographical expansion From Christian West to non-Christian non-West (mission field)

  3. Problem with Traditional Understanding Growth of the Third World church: Numbers, vitality, missions Decline of Western church: Numbers, vitality, missions Too narrow

  4. New Understanding of Mission Today God s mission: Long-term purpose to restore creation Church s mission: Participation at God s invitation and command in His mission Sender (Jesus); Sent (whole church) Mission is to, from, and in all six continents Mission not one activity of church but identity of church

  5. Missio Dei Bible renders to us the story of God s mission through God s people in their engagement with God s world for the sake of the whole of God s creation. Fundamentally, our mission (if it is biblically informed and validated) means our committed participation as God s people, at God s invitation and command, in God s own mission, within the history of God s world for the redemption of God s creation. (Chris Wright)

  6. Bible as One True Story Bible as true story of the world Role of God s people in this story The whole point of Christianity is that it offers a story which is the story of the whole world. It is public truth (N.T. Wright).

  7. Role of church in story of Bible What is the role of the church in this story? Old Testament people of God: Abraham: Chosen to be a channel of blessing to the nations (Gen 12.1-3) Sinai: A light to the nations (Ex 19.3-6) On display in the land Failure and scattering Prophetic promise

  8. Prophetic Promise Coming of the kingdom Gathering of Israel Purification of Israel (e.g., Ezek. 36.24-27) Gathering in of all nations Growing hope in intertestamental period

  9. Starting point: Gospel of Kingdom Jesus announces that the kingdom has come (Mark 1.15-16) God is acting in power and love through Jesus and by the Spirit to restore all of human life and all of the creation to again live under God s loving rule. Already here but not yet arrived

  10. Prophetic Expectation Spirit Messiah Knowledge of God Love Joy Justice Sin Death Evil Satan OLD AGE AGE TO COME

  11. New Testament Fulfillment Powers of sin death evil Satan Power of Spirit s renewing work OLD AGE AGE TO COME

  12. Why the overlap? The meaning of this overlap of the ages in which we live, the time between the coming of Christ and His coming again, is that it is the time given for the witness of the apostolic Church to the ends of the earth. The end of all things, which has been revealed in Christ, is so to say held back until the witness has been borne to the whole world concerning the judgment and salvation revealed in Christ. The implication of a true eschatological perspective will be missionary obedience, and the eschatology which does not issue in such obedience is a false eschatology. (Newbigin)

  13. Already-not yet: Time of gathering Parable of the Great Banquet (Lk. 14.15-24) Delay in coming of the end Gathering of the lost sheep of Israel (Jesus) Gathering of the nations

  14. Gathering, Purified, Sent on a Mission Jesus gathers the lost sheep of Israel (Matt. 15.24) Jesus purifies gathered community and gives Spirit and new heart: Death, resurrection, Spirit Sent on a mission (John 20.21)

  15. Era of Witness Spirit Salvation Judgment Kingdom mission of Jesus to Israel death resurrection exaltation Pentecost Kingdom mission of church to nations Accomplishing kingdom Making known kingdom Continuing kingdom mission

  16. Making Known the Kingdom Jesus: Announced the kingdom with his words Demonstrated the kingdom with his deeds Embodied the kingdom with his life Prayed for the coming of the kingdom Struggled against opposition to kingdom Formed kingdom community

  17. Sending of the church As the Father has sent me, I am sending you. Jesus has not left us with a rigid model for action; rather he inspired his disciples to prolong the logic of his own action in a creative way amid the new and different historical circumstances in which the community would have to proclaim the gospel. (Bosch). Need to accomplish kingdom: cross, resurrection, ascension, Pentecost

  18. A Witnessing Community (Acts 1.6-8) Now you re going to restore the kingdom, right? (1.6) Not for you to know when (1.7) Until then you are a witnessing community starting here to the ends of the earth (1.8) You ll need the Spirit (1.8)

  19. Spirit, foretaste, and preview Spirit gives a foretaste of the kingdom Foretaste is real taste now Complete meal coming in the future Constitutes church as previews of kingdom Preview is real footage of coming movie/kingdom Designed to interest viewer in coming movie/kingdom Church in midst of world as picture of salvation that is coming

  20. Three Marks of Church: Acts 2:42-47 Devotion to apostles teaching, fellowship, breaking of bread, and prayer: Celebrating and nourishing kingdom life (v. 42) Life of kingdom manifested: Attractive good news people (v. 43- 47) Lord adds to number (v. 47)

  21. Church as Missionary Community: Nearby and Far Away Pattern in Antioch (Acts 11, 13) Evidence of the grace of God (11.23) Great number of people were brought to the Lord (11.24) Sent Paul and Barnabas to establish witnessing communities in areas where there was none (13.1-3)

  22. Pauls Pattern Pioneer church planting (Rom. 15:23) Three missionary journeys Build them up for faithful witness Visits on journeys Letters

  23. Ending of Acts: 28 and 29? Why so abrupt? Loose ends? Story of Acts has not ended Continues today until Christ returns . . . the ending of Acts is truly an opening to the continuing life of the messianic people, as it continues to preach the kingdom and teach the things concerning Jesus both boldly and without hindrance (Johnson).

  24. Mission of the church today Being a light to the nations: Continuing the mission of Israel (Ex 19.3-6 cf. 1 Pet 2.9) Making known the kingdom: Continuing the mission of Jesus (John 20.21) Bearing faithful witness: Continuing the mission of the early church

  25. Lesslie Newbigin: Missionary nature of the church As the Father has sent me, so I send you defines the very being of the Church as mission. In this sense everything that the Church is and does can be and should be part of mission. Esse of the church not the bene esse Without mission, the Church simply falls to the ground. We must say bluntly that when the Church ceases to be a mission, then she ceases to have any right to the titles by which she is adorned in the New Testament. (Lesslie Newbigin)

  26. For the sake of the world The church does not exist for itself or for what it can offer its members. When the church tries to order its life simply in relation to its own concerns and for the purposes of its own continued existence, it is untrue to its proper nature. (Newbigin)

  27. Church as sign, instrument, firstfruit (or foretaste) of the kingdom The business of this 7 percent [church in Madras] is to be an effective sign, instrument, and firstfruit of God s purpose for the whole city. Each of those three words is important. They are to be a sign, pointing men to something that is beyond their present horizon but can give guidance and hope now; an instrument (not the only one) that God can use for his work of healing, liberating, and blessing; and a firstfruit a place where men and women can have a real taste now of the joy and freedom God intends for all. (Newbigin)

  28. Mission First order of business: Getting our missional identity straight Activities and commitments that flow from this identity

  29. For the Sake of the World: Living as God s Missionary People Knox Presbyterian Church, Toronto, ON Mission Conference Michael Goheen Trinity Western University, Langley, B.C.

  30. Living as Gods Missionary People: Five Characteristics Lifestyle: Live as a contrast community Live out a missionary encounter in their callings Involved in social needs of neighbourhood and world Evangelistic Take part in missions

  31. A Contrast Community People of love and truth over against pluralism and relativism People of selfless giving over against a culture of selfishness People of justice over against economic and ecological injustice People of hope over against despair and consumer satiation

  32. Missionary Encounter in Our Callings A missionary encounter with the West will have to be primarily a ministry of the laity. (Bosch) . . . There is a deep-seated and persistent failure of the churches to recognize that the primary witness to the sovereignty of Christ must be given, and can only be given, in the ordinary secular work of lay men and women in business, in politics, in professional work, as farmer, factory workers and so on. . . . the enormous preponderance of the Church s witness is the witness of the thousands of its members who work in field, home, office, mill, or law court. (Newbigin)

  33. Need for community A fellowship that nourishes the life of Christ through the Word and sacraments. A fellowship that supports: encouragement, prayer, financial support, and insight. Structures that equip: study of culture, sharing of struggles, professional gatherings, small groups, frontier groups (groups of Christians working in the same sectors of public life, meeting to thrash out the controversial issues of their business or profession in the light of their faith). A leadership that enables.

  34. Social involvement Jesus ministry of justice and mercy Global need

  35. Global Crises and Social Need Environmental degradation Worldwide arms race/nuclear threat Crippling ideologies Hunger scandal Inappropriate food/agricultural policies worldwide and Family farm crisis Unemployment Increasing gap between rich + poor Population explosion Colonial legacy Multinational corporations + 3rd world leaders AIDS Third world debt

  36. Social involvement Jesus ministry of justice and mercy Global need Good news in your own neighbourhood

  37. Neighbourhood involvement A church that exists for itself? Or a community that does not live for itself but is deeply involved in the concerns of its neighbourhood. Opportunities . . . Opportunity blindness

  38. Evangelism Indispensible part of church s mission Only effective if church is attractive demonstration of kingdom Good news of the kingdom Invitation Sales pitch or good news Relating good news to all of life

  39. Organic or Methodological Evangelism One of the fundamental laws of all presentation of the Christian truth everywhere in the world is that this truth is vitally related to all spheres and problems of life, the most common and trivial as well as the most elevated. . . . The radically religious view of life as embodied in Biblical realism is of the same vital significance to man s relation to his friend or fellow-villager, or to the way in which he spends his money or works his fields or accepts his material successes or adversities, as to the nurture of his spiritual life or to his religious needs and experiences in the more restricted sense of the word (Kraemer).

  40. Missions One part of task of mission Establish a gospel witness where there is none or where it is weak Will sometimes be overseas/cross- cultural but not always

  41. Missions And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in the whole world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will come (Matthew 24:14). Missions: Important part of mission of church Missions: Horizonof church s mission

  42. Why is this distinction important? The scandal of the disproportionate allocation of missionary resources (Myer) In the unevangelized part of God s world About 5.6% of income to Christians went to foreign missions. Only 0.36% of this went to sharing the gospel with the 1.2 billion people in the least-evangelized world.

  43. World Need Unreached people groups: 11874 ethno- linguistic groups in the world; 3915 unreached 10-40 Window

  44. 10-40 Window

  45. In 10-40 Window we find . . . Half the world s population The 55 least evangelized countries in the world; 97% of people in least evangelized countries The heart of Islam The three main religious blocks--Islam, Buddhist, and Hindu 80% of the poorest of the poor live there Less that 10% of missionaries there

  46. 10-40 Window

  47. In the least-evangelized part of Gods world Live 86% of the world s people groups, of which less than 2% are Christian. Live over 80% of the world s poorest people. There are 34 Muslim countries, 7 Buddhist nations, 3 Marxist nations and 2 Hindu countries. Source: World Christian Encyclopedia, 2001

  48. World Need Unreached people groups: 11874 ethno- linguistic groups in the world; 3915 unreached 10-40 Window Asia

  49. Need in Asia Over half of the world s population 6 countries less than .1% Christian 15 of 26 countries have less than 1% Christian 2658 ethno-linguistic groups; 1600 not evangelized

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