Prosocial Behavior and Well-Being: An Evolutionary Perspective

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History
What is it?
http://ppc.sas.upenn.edu/
 
Psychologically rich
life
Meaningful life
Happy life
Happiness:
SWLS:
http://labs.psychology.illinois.edu/~ediener/SWLS.
html
PA-NA:
https://ogg.osu.edu/media/documents/MB%20Stre
am/PANAS.pdf
Meaning:
http://www.michaelfsteger.com/wp-
content/uploads/2012/08/MLQ.pdf
Psychologically rich:
In article
https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-
rankings/happiest-countries-in-the-world
How does this differ from Oishi and Westgate’s
(2021) approach?
How do they define hedonic and eudaimonic?
What do they mean by “goal”?
What is the difference between personality
traits and characteristic adaptations, and why
does it matter?
What do you think of their definition of
psychopathology?
What should this type of well-being be
related to (personality, situation, etc.)?
How would you measure well-being using
this approach?
 
How would you increase well-being using
each approach?
Happiness
Meaning in life
Psychologically rich life
Cybernetic value fulfillment theory
What is prosocial behavior? Altruism?
Do animals show prosocial behavior?
Evolutionary roots
Kin selection
Reciprocal altruism
Signaling theory
Neuro structures
Neural structures, mirror systems, oxytocin
Genetic influences
Egoistic reasons
Negative state relief model (Cialdini et al., 1973)
Arousal: Cost-reward model (Piliavin et al., 1981)
Empathy-altruism model (Batson, 2011)
Paradigm
Manipulation of empathy
Costs and benefits of
altruism
Development
Temperament
Socialization
Social/cognitive development
Attachment/Relationships
Gender
Agreeableness (Graziano et al., 2007)
Penner Prosocial Personality Battery (Penner et
al., 1985)
Other oriented empathy
Social responsibility
Empathic concern
 (Davis, IRI)
Perspective taking
Other-oriented reasoning
Mutual-concern reasoning
Helpfulness
Personal distress
Self-reported helpfulness
Presence of others
Clarity of situation
Costs vs. rewards
What is the bystander effect?
Why do people think they’ll help more than
they do?
Why do people underestimate others’ effects
on their helping?
Social influence (pluralistic ignorance)
Audience inhibition
Diffusion of responsibility
Latané & Rodin results
               
 intervening
       
% pairs intervening
Alone
   
70
   
91
w/Confederate
 
7
   
14
Two strangers
  
23
   
40
 Two friend
  
45
   
70
Condition
                    
Process
                  
Help rate
(In %)
 Alone
   
None
    
95%
No contact
  
DR
  
 
  
84%
Seen by other
  
DR & AI
   
73%
See other person
 
DR & SI
   
73%
See and be seen
 
DR,AI,SI
   
50%
Latané, Harton, Bourgeois, Rockloff
 
Examples of other studies
What factors affecting helping?
What did they do in this study?
Do you agree or disagree with the tweet
below?
 
See Table 2, Levine et al., 2001:
http://www2.psych.ubc.ca/~ara/Manuscripts
/Levine%20et%20al%20helping.pdf
Why?
How does it differ from other types of
helping?
What leads people to volunteer?
Differences by country
http://heroicimagination.org/
Aggression and rejection
Chapter
Culture of honor
Gun violence
Ostracism
Then after Thanksgiving—presentations and
papers!
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Exploring the concepts of prosocial behavior, altruism, and well-being from an evolutionary standpoint, this content delves into the roots of these behaviors, genetic influences, and neurobiological structures associated with them. It also discusses ways to increase well-being using different approaches such as happiness, meaning in life, and psychologically rich life.

  • Prosocial Behavior
  • Well-Being
  • Evolutionary Perspective
  • Altruism
  • Neurobiology

Uploaded on Sep 26, 2024 | 0 Views


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  1. History http://ppc.sas.upenn.edu/ What is it?

  2. Happy life Meaningful life Psychologically rich life

  3. Happiness: SWLS: http://labs.psychology.illinois.edu/~ediener/SWLS. html PA-NA: https://ogg.osu.edu/media/documents/MB%20Stre am/PANAS.pdf Meaning: http://www.michaelfsteger.com/wp- content/uploads/2012/08/MLQ.pdf Psychologically rich: In article

  4. https://worldpopulationreview.com/country- rankings/happiest-countries-in-the-world

  5. How does this differ from Oishi and Westgates (2021) approach? How do they define hedonic and eudaimonic? What do they mean by goal ? What is the difference between personality traits and characteristic adaptations, and why does it matter?

  6. What do you think of their definition of psychopathology? What should this type of well-being be related to (personality, situation, etc.)? How would you measure well-being using this approach?

  7. How would you increase well-being using each approach? Happiness Meaning in life Psychologically rich life Cybernetic value fulfillment theory

  8. What is prosocial behavior? Altruism? Do animals show prosocial behavior?

  9. Evolutionary roots Kin selection Reciprocal altruism Signaling theory Neuro structures Neural structures, mirror systems, oxytocin Genetic influences

  10. Egoistic reasons Negative state relief model (Cialdini et al., 1973) Arousal: Cost-reward model (Piliavin et al., 1981) Empathy-altruism model (Batson, 2011) Paradigm Manipulation of empathy Costs and benefits of altruism 90 80 70 60 50 Series1 40 Series2 30 20 10 0 1 2

  11. Development Temperament Socialization Social/cognitive development Attachment/Relationships

  12. Gender Agreeableness (Graziano et al., 2007) Penner Prosocial Personality Battery (Penner et al., 1985) Other oriented empathy Social responsibility Empathic concern (Davis, IRI) Perspective taking Other-oriented reasoning Mutual-concern reasoning Helpfulness Personal distress Self-reported helpfulness

  13. Presence of others Clarity of situation Costs vs. rewards

  14. What is the bystander effect?

  15. Why do people think theyll help more than they do? Why do people underestimate others effects on their helping?

  16. Social influence (pluralistic ignorance) Audience inhibition Diffusion of responsibility

  17. Latan & Rodin results Alone w/Confederate Two strangers Two friend intervening % pairs intervening 70 7 23 45 91 14 40 70

  18. Condition (In %) Alone Process Help rate None 95% No contact DR 84% Seen by other DR & AI 73% See other person DR & SI 73% See and be seen DR,AI,SI 50%

  19. Latan, Harton, Bourgeois, Rockloff Condition Process Alone None Back to Back DR Participant faces the confederate s SI + DR back Confederate faces the participant s AI + DR back Face to face SI + AI + DR

  20. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5

  21. Examples of other studies What factors affecting helping? 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3

  22. What did they do in this study? Do you agree or disagree with the tweet below?

  23. See Table 2, Levine et al., 2001: http://www2.psych.ubc.ca/~ara/Manuscripts /Levine%20et%20al%20helping.pdf Why?

  24. How does it differ from other types of helping? What leads people to volunteer? Differences by country

  25. http://heroicimagination.org/

  26. Aggression and rejection Chapter Culture of honor Gun violence Ostracism Then after Thanksgiving presentations and papers!

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