Promoting Government Use of Evaluations: The Bhutan Case
Explores the concerted efforts in Bhutan to incorporate evaluations into government decision-making processes, with key milestones, an M&E framework, and directives on evaluation formalization. The case study showcases the importance of monitoring and evaluating initiatives for effective governance and policy implementation.
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Promoting the Use of Evaluations by Government The Case of Bhutan Tashi Duba Sr. Researcher/Board Member Office of the Primte Minister and Cabinet /EAB 28th October 2022
Important Milestones in M&E 1961 1981 1991 First FYP started District Development Committee Block Development Committee Gross National Happiness embedded in plans 1999 5thNPS recognized establishment of standardized National M&E system Vision 2020 developed 2006 2008 National M&E Manual developed as a standardized M&E system Constitution enacted Democratic Constitutional Monarchy formed 10thFYP (RBM based planning) 2009 2014-17 2019-2022 Rolled out ABSD/PlaMS results based indicators Evaluation Policy & Protocol developed GPMS launched Revised policy presented to the GNH Commission and the Cabinet Revised the policy based on the Cabinet s directive 10/28/2022 2
M&E Framework INSTITUTIONAL ROLES OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS RESULTS LEVEL Mid-term Review [Evaluation] of FYPs OCASC Terminal Evaluation of FYPs - OCASC and re-prioritization- Result Monitoring System Next FYP - OCASC Impact [Example - NKRA]: NKRA 2 - Economic Diversification Program redesign Results Update RESULTS EVALUATION OCASC NKRA/AKRA/ Programs and Activities OCASC Outcome [Example - AKRA/LGKRA]: AKRA - Ease of Doing Business and Enabling Environment for economic activities improved Impact Evaluation - OCASC Integration and collaboration Real Time Monitoring Systems IMPLEMENTATION Output [Example - Programs]: Program - Enhancing Economic growth through sector diversification Activity Progress Update MONITORING Sectors/LGs - Monitor Activities Progress Financial readjustment GPMS Annual Plans and Activities Program redesign and Project/Program/AP re-prioritization- A Evaluation OCASC - MoF Releases based on activity progress Activities: Financial Progress Update Sectors/LGs - Monitor Financial Progress ePEMS Release and expenditure BMT/ MYRB Budgeting based on APA Example: Development of Industrial Parks Agencies (supervisors) to monitor HR MaX - IWP Supervisor submits feedback 10/28/2022 3
Evaluation Framework Directives from Parliament/Cabinet/OPMC /GNHC Proponents Formalization of Evaluation Topic - GNHCS Proposals GNHCS/OCASC Development Partner Proposals - Agencies Joint Evaluation - Agency, DP & GNHC/OCASC Commission Evaluation Agency Collaborators Commission Evaluation GNHCS/OCASC GNH Commission- Recommendations and directives Relevant Sectors and LGs OPMC 10/28/2022 4
Protocol for Policy Development Reviewing Body (OCASC) Origination of policies Cabinet, Parliament, and Sectors Submission of proposals Two stages: Stage 1: Conception phase Stage 2: Formulation & approval phase Ex-ante and ex-post evaluation Letter of approval (Cabinet) (Sector/ proponent) GNH Screening tool Best practices and lessons Exceptions: Royal Command National Exigencies Feedback & Comments (OCASC) Incorporation of feedback (OCASC) 10/28/2022 5
Benefits of evaluations for public policy and planning Guides in realignment and prioritization of plans and programs (e.g., annual, mid-term, and terminal evaluations). Promotes evidence based policy and decision making (e.g., national policy for the persons with disabilities, national policy for senior citizens). Provides best alternatives for and/or recommendations on the plan or program being implemented (e.g., Direct employment scheme, Industrial development grant scheme 2021). Supports easier, quicker, and better decision making for the government. 10/28/2022 6
Issues and Challenges in Implementing Evaluation 1. Gap between benefits and practice/implementation 2. Limited expertise or capacity on evaluation 3. Resources to support commissioning/conducting evaluations 4. Human resources 10/28/2022 7
Moving forward 1. Promote evaluation as a priority 2. Strengthen evaluation institutions in the country 3. Invest in capacity development 4. Mandatory evaluations of large and resource intensive projects (agencies and LGs or government and donor funded) 5. Foster networking and strengthen existing linkages 10/28/2022 8
THANK YOU 10/28/2022 9
