Progress Update on EUROfusion Consortium's ADC Project

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The WPPWIE-ADC project within the EUROfusion Consortium is making significant strides in advancing divertor solutions for fusion reactors like DEMO. Key milestones include boundary code improvements, development of reduced models, and compatibility assessments with the DTT facility. The recent project meeting discussed critical tasks, uncertainties, and budget constraints for the upcoming phases, highlighting a transition from FP8 to FP9. The journey towards optimized plasma-wall interactions and exhaust systems is well underway, with a focus on defining tasks for the next two years and aligning with the project's funding outlook.

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WPPWIE-ADC 2021/22 final meetig: SP.F, G, H, I ad J reporting Giuseppe Calabr L. Aho-Mantila and F. Subba, T. Lunt, R. Ambrosino, P. Fanelli, P. Innocente This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium, funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme (Grant Agreement No 101052200 EUROfusion). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Commission. Neither the European Union nor the European Commission can be held responsible for them.

Next Project PWIE meeting, 6thFebruary 2023 (ADC part) G. Calabr | Final Meeting WPPWIE ADC | Zoom | 17.01.2023 | Page 2

Today: agenda Giuseppe Calabr | Final Meeting WPPWIE ADC | Zoom | 17.01.2023 | Page 3

WP MILESTONES (recent updated PMP) ADC 2021/22 target Sequential Related WP Milestone Title Due Date Related Criticality of Relation to the GA D/M (high/low) WP-M ID WM16* WBS ID SP ADC (F) [mm/yyyy] 31.12.2022 GA D/M No. PWIE.M.02 Boundary code improvement of detached regimes in ADCs, including the effects of kinetic neutrals and sensitivity studies for the most uncertain input parameters regarding e.g. plasma transport performed (DEMO+ITER) Development of a reduced model from ADC experiments/simulations to scaling laws applicable for DEMO size and comparison with scaling laws extracted from existing DEMO scale simulations completed (DEMO) Engineering compatibility assessment of potential best promising DEMO ADC solutions with the DTT facility completed (DEMO) Engineering DEMO evaluation of most favourable ADC solutions in terms of VDE and disruption events compatibility completed (DEMO) Assessment of the compatibility of different advanced divertor configurations in the DTT lower divertor with the aid of plasma boundary and divertor simulations completed (DEMO) WM17* SP ADC (G) 31.12.2022 PWIE.M.02 WM18* SP ADC (H) 31.12.2022 PWIE.M.02 WM19* SP ADC (I) 31.12.2022 PWIE.M.02 WM26 SP ADC (J) 30.06.2022 Grant Agreement (GA) Milestone PWIE.M.02: Comparative modelling of first set of revised advanced divertor solutions executed. G. Calabr | Final Meeting WPPWIE ADC | Zoom | 17.01.2023 | Page 4

Plasma-Wall Interactions and Exhaust ADC (21) Boundary (2021) conditions: starting point in the transition from FP8 to FP9: ADC studies both in FSD and FTD discussion on Fulvio s final report and how to proceed Strong budget constraints/limits (reduce by factor F 2) Uncertainties on UKAEA and SPC contributions G Tasks to be defined only for 2 years time no H funding beyond 2022 foreseen I DTT (SOL) modelling included as SP-ADC.J later in 2021 (joint task PWIE DIV) G. Calabr | Final Meeting WPPWIE ADC | Zoom | 17.01.2023 | Page 5

Plasma-Wall Interactions and Exhaust ADC (22) Boundary (2022) conditions: Confirmation: no funding beyond 2022 foreseen (see S. Brezinsek s contribution) Duty shift (coordination) in SP.F: from L. Manthila to F. Subba My personal familiar issues strongly impact on F 2-weekly monitoring G Discussion on (not official yet) delay on DTT H construction I Topic Effort Total resources Involved Beneficiary(ies) / Affiliated Entities [PM]* [k ] Advanced Divertor Solutions for Power Exhaust in DEMO Advanced Divertor Solutions for Power Exhaust in DEMO 61.00 457 CEA, ENEA, IPPLM, LPP-ERM-KMS, MPG, VTT, ENEA, EPFL PWIE-ADC 63 PWIE-ADC G. Calabr | Final Meeting WPPWIE ADC | Zoom | 17.01.2023 | Page 6

Description of Work (recent updated PMP) ADC The only major change in 2023 is the principle closure of SPs related to ADC for DTT and the engineering part of DEMO ADC solutions. Completion of the ADC assessment for DEMO requires minor additional new resources in order to cover delayed modelling output for the so-called hybrid plasma cases (see S. Brezinsek s contribution and F. Subba s one) G. Calabr | Final Meeting WPPWIE ADC | Zoom | 17.01.2023 | Page 7

Proposal for Final WP-ADC 21-21 Report Structure Introduction Motivations (starting from Fulvio s final results) Summarize PWIE-ADC results by through 2 spider plots: DEMO (SP-ADC.F, G, I) DTT (SP-ADC.J and H) SP.F, G, H, I, J results 5 sub-sections Conclusions G. Calabr | Final Meeting WPPWIE ADC | Zoom | 17.01.2023 | Page 8

Spider plot: DTT (coming from SP.H and SP.J results, wip) Guidelines: Compare the merits of different ADC solutions to show a gain vs. reference SND for I- DTT facility by a clear set of criterions (in case of modelling available) Identify most critical physics and engineeringquantities Comparison: always reference to SND, direct comparison between ADCs G. Calabr | Final Meeting WPPWIE ADC | Zoom | 17.01.2023 | Page 9

DTT divertor shape selection and configurations Narrow Wide See Paolo s presentation Giuseppe Calabr | Final Meeting WPPWIE ADC | Zoom | 17.01.2023 | Page 10

On criteria and modelling See Paolo and Roberto (Emilio/Riccardo) presentations Giuseppe Calabr | Final Meeting WPPWIE ADC | Zoom | 17.01.2023 | Page 11

Assumptions on spider legs Note on physics "legs": they are based on the results of modeling for DTT. The numbers do not necessarily derive from an analytical calculation but we have tried to relate them to each other by assigning the maximum value (1) to the best situation and then reducing the other values in relation to the results of the simulations, trying to weigh the results a little bit. Note on engineering "legs": they are based on the results of modeling for DTT (equilibria and control simulations). As the physics legs, have tried to relate them to each other by assigning the maximum value (1) to the best situation. Giuseppe Calabr | Final Meeting WPPWIE ADC | Zoom | 17.01.2023 | Page 12

Wide Divertor: SND Vs XD WIDE DIVERTOR Controllability of the vertical unstable mode 1 Controllability of the plasma shape Peak Divertor Heat Load 0.9 0.8 0.7 Controllability of the plasma divertor region 0.6 Peak Divertor Temperature 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 Possibility to control with only out-vessel coils Impurity Concentration 0.1 0 Cor/Sol radiation ratio or Divertor radiation fraction Max Plasma Current Stability of detachment Plasma Volume Divertor neutral pressure Divertor structures volume SND XD Giuseppe Calabr | PWIE-ADC: DTT | Zoom | 23.06.2022 | Page 13

Wide Divertor: SN vs SXD WIDE DIVERTOR SND SXD Controllability of the vertical unstable mode 1 Controllability of the plasma shape Peak Divertor Heat Load 0.8 Controllability of the plasma divertor region 0.6 Peak Divertor Temperature 0.4 Possibility to control with only out-vessel coils 0.2 Impurity Concentration 0 Cor/Sol radiation ratio or Divertor radiation fraction Max Plasma Current Stability of detachment Plasma Volume Divertor neutral pressure Divertor structures volume Giuseppe Calabr | Meeting | venue | Jun 23, 2022 | Page 14

Wide Divertor: SN vs Long-SN WIDE DIVERTOR Controllability of the vertical unstable mode 1 Controllability of the plasma shape Peak Divertor Heat Load 0.8 Controllability of the plasma divertor region 0.6 Peak Divertor Temperature 0.4 Possibility to control with only out-vessel coils 0.2 Impurity Concentration 0 Cor/Sol radiation ratio or Divertor radiation fraction Max Plasma Current Stability of detachment Plasma Volume Divertor neutral pressure Divertor structures volume SND Long-SN Giuseppe Calabr | Meeting | venue | Jun 23, 2022 | Page 15

Narrow Divertor: SND Vs XD NARROW DIVERTOR SND XD Controllability of the vertical unstable mode 1 Peak Divertor Heat Load Controllability of the plasma shape 0.9 0.8 0.7 Controllability of the plasma divertor region 0.6 Peak Divertor Temperature 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 Possibility to control with only out- vessel coils Impurity Concentration 0.1 0 Cor/Sol radiation ratio or Divertor radiation fraction Max Plasma Current Stability of detachment Plasma Volume Divertor neutral pressure Divertor structures volume Giuseppe Calabr | Final Meeting WPPWIE ADC | Zoom | 17.01.2023 | Page 16