Parts of Speech in English Grammar

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UNIT 1 & BAD BOY
 
By Walter Dean Myers
 
Chapters 1 and 2:  Annotations
 
What am I looking for? 
    
How do I annotate it?
Definitions 
      
Def. * [ ]
Lists, features, causes, effects, 
    
1. (done in the text/margin)
characteristics, reasons 
    
2.
Names, dates, events that are key 
   
Underline or (circle)
Examples of main idea 
    
ex (in the margin)
Good summary of the passage
    
 { (in the margin)
Good test questions of the passage 
   
T.Q. (in the margin)
Something you didn’t understand 
   
?? (in the margin or the text)
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PARTS OF SPEECH
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Noun
 
A 
noun
 names a person, place, thing, or idea. Whatever exists
can be named, and that name is a noun.
girl, dog, house, car, school, classroom
The 
dog 
was fat.
The 
house
 
caught on fire.
 
A 
proper noun 
names a specific person, place, or thing
Carlos, Queen Marguerite, Middle East, Jerusalem, Malaysia,
Presbyterianism, Spanish, the Republican Party
 is almost
always capitalized.
You are attending 
Lone Star Middle School
.
Olivia
 loves to sleep all day.
 
 
Verbs
carries the idea of being or action in the sentence
 
Action verbs:
Words that tell what the noun does
 
The students 
passed 
all their courses.
Josie 
jumped
 over the fence.
She 
runs 
out on the field when she 
plays
 soccer
.
Sally 
ran
 across the road.
 
State of being verbs:
 
Linking Verbs:
Words that show that the noun exists and link them to the rest of the sentence
 
I 
am
 a student.
They 
are
 happy when he 
is 
outside.
 
Helping Verbs (
auxiliary
)
:
Help show you the action (
will, shall, may, might, can, could, must, ought to, should, would, used to, need
 )
I 
have
 finished my dinner.
I 
might
 go to the movies.
 
Pronoun
 
refers to a noun, an individual or thing whose identity is
made clear earlier in the text. (the pronoun's antecedent)
Replaces a noun
 
He, she, it, they, we, them, your, which
 
Bob likes to eat chocolate. 
He
 also enjoys watermelon.
Jane and Dolly love to bake cakes. 
They 
enjoy baking lemon
the most.
 
Adjective
 
words that describe or modify the
noun or pronoun in a sentence
 
Blue
 car
Old 
tractor
Rusty
 sign
Small 
boat
 
 
The 
Articles
a, an
, and 
the
— are adjectives
 
the tall
 
professor
the small
 mouse
a solid
 
commitment
a month's
 
pay
a six-year-old
 child
the unhappiest, richest
 
man
 
Adverb
 
words that modify verbs or adjectives in a sentence
 
often tell when, where, why, or under what conditions something
happened.
Usually end in 
ly
 (most of the time, not always)
a 
verb
 (He drove 
slowly
. — How did he drive?)
an 
adjective
 (He drove a 
very
 fast car. — How fast was his car?)
an 
adverb 
(She moved 
quite
 slowly down the aisle. — How slowly did
she move?)
 
Cheerfully, lightly, beautifully, now, first, last, usually, always, today,
tomorrow, only
 
Interjection
 
words or phrases used to exclaim or protest or command
Express an emotion
Usually are followed by , 
or
 !
 
Wow, oh, hooray, excuse me, hey, shh, yes, duh,
 
Wow
! I won the lottery!
Excuse me
 class, be quiet!
Shh
, the boy is reading.
Hooray!
 We are out of school!
Congratulations
! You graduated from college!
 
Conjunction
 
Is a joiner, a word that 
connects
 (conjoins) parts of a sentence
And, but, or, so, for, nor, yet
 
Jacob likes to play basketball, 
yet
 his favorite sport is tennis.
Lone Star Middle School is the best middle school in Idaho, 
so
that is why I am attending school there.
I have an itch on my back, 
but
 I cannot reach it.
Sally loves to bake brownies with her mother, 
and
 sometimes
her little sister will help.
That is neither what I said 
nor
 what I meant.
 
Preposition
 
Word used to show a relationship between a noun or pronoun and
some other word in a sentence
Specify a place, direction, or time something happened.
telling when or where or under what conditions something happened.
 
On, above, across, beneath, outside, toward, below, by, during, onto,
under, within, without, between, down, from, in, throughout, at
 
The book was 
under
 the desk. (shows relationship between book and
desk)
The boy fell 
in
 the lake 
without 
a life jacket.
Christine walked 
toward
 the school building.
I had to crawl 
beneath
 the old dirty house.
 
Prepositional Phrase
 
Consists of a preposition, its object, and any modifiers of the
object.
The 
object of the preposition
 is the noun or pronoun following the
preposition.
 
People communicate 
in
 many 
ways
.
Preposition: in
Object: ways
Prepositional phrase: in many ways
.
 
The children laughed at the clown.
People enjoy talking with one another.
 
Chapter #3
Let's Hear it for the First Grade
 
Now that you learned the parts of speech you need to identify them within your
reading: list the page number in which it was found in parenthesis ( ).
Ex: pronoun:  us (1)
 
Identify the following in the chapter:
4 nouns
4 verbs
4  pronouns
3 conjunctions
2 prepositions
4 adjectives
2 adverbs
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SENTENCES AND
PUNCTUATION
 
Clauses
 
A group of words that contain both a subject and a verb
 
Independent:
 
expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a
sentence. (main clause)
 
- contains
 
subject
 
and
 
verb
 
The
 gardener
 
calculated
 
the total area.
Dependent: 
contains a
 
subject
 
and
 
verb
, but does not express a complete
thought.
 
after 
she
 
measured 
the plot carefully
 
Simple Sentence
 
 
Has one independent clause and no dependent clause.
 
The fish swam.
The little girl danced.
The boy and girl walked to school.
The boy loves to play basketball and baseball.
 
Compound Sentence
consists of two or more independent clauses joined
together, but no dependent clause. May be joined by a
coordinating conjunction or a semicolon
.
 
Susie loves to go to the store by herself,
but she would rather have someone go
with her.
The dog barked; the cat screeched.
 
The girl didn’t want to go to the water
park, so she decided to stay home.
 
Coordinating
conjunctions:
 
for
and
nor
but
or
yet
so
 
FANBOYS
 
Complex sentence
 
consists of one independent clause and one 
dependent clause
- Introduced with a subordinating conjunction
 
 
The dog barked 
although he was well fed
.
 
The boy cried 
because he lost his tooth
.
The squirrel jumped out of the tree when he saw a cat climbing it.
 
Although every sport involves some risk, people who take part in
extreme sports face a higher-than-average level of risk.
 
Subordinating conjunctions:
 
after
although
as
as soon as
because
before
even though
if
since
than
though
unless
until
when
whenever
Wherever
which
while
 
Compound-Complex sentence
 
 
 has two or more independent clauses and one or more 
dependent
clauses.
 
Many people claimed 
that they had seen ghosts in the windows
, and
others believed them.
 
As soon as the duck quacked, the frog jumped on the lily pad,  and the
rooster crowed.
 
Punctuation
 
Interrogative:
 (?)  asks a  direct question or requests information
Where did the dog hide his bone?
 
Exclamatory: 
(!) shows a strong emotion  
(interjection)
Wow! You are an awesome teacher!
 
Imperative:
 (.) gives a command or ask someone to do something
 
Clear the table for dinner.
 
Declarative:
 (.) declares a statement or states a fact
 
The bus was late to school.
 
Chapter #4 Arithmetic Summer
 
Identify the following in the chapter and write the page number in which it was found.
(focus on key examples from the text)
Ex: Simple sentence:   “Each of us is born with a history already in place” (1).
 
2 compound-complex sentences
2 compound sentences
2 complex sentences
2 nouns
2 verbs
2  pronouns
2 conjunctions
2 adjectives
2 adverbs
2 prepositions
Explain a time in your life when you had surgery or when someone you know had surgery. How
did you feel? What did you go through? (answer using and underlining at least 1 compound-
complex sentence, 1 complex sentence, and 1 compound sentence)
 
Chapter #5  Bad Boy
 
 
1. On page 35-36, Walter takes a step back from his own life to give a description of
    the broader political and cultural climate of 1947. Is this good for someone to do
    when writing a memoir? Explain in 4-5 sentences why or why not?
2. Why does Walter prefer his name to be Walter Myers?
3. In this chapter we are introduced to Walter’s “bad” behaviors. What “bad” behaviors
did he do, and do you think he understood the seriousness of his actions? Do you think
he should have been more severely punished for these behaviors?
4. In what ways is Walter’s community sensitive to racial differences? In what ways is it
insensitive to racial differences?
5. Who is the subject of Walter’s first published poem?
6. Describe in 2-3 sentences (underline 1 compound-complex) how bullying can
negatively impact the person who is being bullied.
 
Chapter #6  Mr. Irwin Lasher
 
In Mr. Lasher’s sixth-grade class, Walter’s grades and behavior improved. Why
do you think Walter does better in this class than in previous classes?
 
Why do you think Walter tells his father that his mother beat him rather than
admitting the truth-that he was injured trying to hitch a ride on a taxi? Do you
think Walter’s lie is justifiable and why?
 
(Explain each question in 4-5 sentences; underline 1 compound, 1 complex sentence)
 
Chapter #6  Mr. Irwin Lasher
 
 
What makes a good
teacher?
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TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
AND IN-TEXT
CITATIONS:
 
Why do you need to cite
information?
 
When you are writing a paper that
includes information from a source,
you must give credit to the person
who wrote it.
 
 
There is 
3
 ways to cite information
 
Quoting:
Writing a direct line from a text
 
Paraphrasing:
Writing information from a text in your own words
 
Summarizing:
Writing a summary on an entire text in your own words
 
NO matter which way you cite your information, you
must give credit to the author who originally wrote it
 
 
Quoting: 
the use of direct words that is identical to the
original, therefore matching the source document word
for word.
 
“quotation marks” (author’s last name page number).
“Each of us is born with a history already in place. There
are physical aspects that make us brown-eyed or blue-
eyed, that make us tall or not so tall, or give us curly or
straight hair” (Myers 1).
According to Myers, “Each of us is born with a history
already in place” (1).
 
 
 
Paraphrasing: 
the use of a passage from the
source document into your own words,
therefore it usually is shorter than the original
passage, taking a somewhat broader
segment of the source and condensing it
slightly.
    Paraphrase (page number).
 
Everyone is unique in their own way, whether
it’s how we look or how we act, we are each
born with a history all ready in line for us
(Myers 1).
 
Summarizing: 
the use of putting the main idea(s) into
your own words, which includes only the main point(s).
Like a paraphrase it will be significantly shorter than the
original document; takes a broader overview.
 
Walter Dean Myers faced many obstacles his life, but
racial discrimination in the biggest obstacle he faced.
After reading the book Bad Boy, I was able to see how
he struggled growing up. Even though he made some
bad decisions, he never let himself see his skin color,
nor did that stop him from following his dream to
become a writer.
 
Chapter #7 I Am Not the Center of the
Universe
 
After you and finished annotating, answer questions the questions below in 
3 or
more complete sentences
. To support your answers for questions 1 and 3, cite
textual evidence (quotation) and use an in-text citation.
Ex: “Each of us is born with a history already in place” (Myers 1).
 
1. What challenges did Walter go through to help him grow/mature to discover a
new identity for himself? (quote three examples)
 
2. Does it always take extreme circumstances to overcome a challenge? Explain
why or why not?
 
3. What role did self reflection play in Walter’s personal growth? (one quote
example)
undefined
 
POINT OF VIEW
 
 
Point of view
 
Who is telling the story/ How the story is being told
 
First person: 
shows the action through the eyes of one of the characters.
This character, narrator, uses the pronouns I, me, my, our, and us.
 
Second person: 
has a narrator who uses the pronoun you to address the
reader directly
 
Third person: 
has a narrator who does not take part in the action of the
story and who uses the pronouns he, she, him, her, they and them when
describing the characters.
Omniscient: 
a method of storytelling in which the narrator knows the
thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in the story
Limited: 
the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings to one
character's perspective.
undefined
 
STYLE AND PURPOSE
 
 
Author’s style
 
How something is said or written  (not what is said)
 
When thinking about style, first consider the clothes people
wear, like we looked at with labels. Whatever they wear,
people choose clothes to express themselves and their own
personal style.
 
Authors have style too, but it's not a clothing style, it’s called
literary style. Writers express their ideas in specific ways by using
just the right word and putting it in just the right place. A literary
style reflects the author's personality and the purpose for their
writing. It’s not what they are saying, but how they are saying it.
 
Style
 
How something is said or written  (not what is said)
 
Word choice
 
Sentence length
 
Figurative language
 
Tone
 
Author’s Purpose
 
An author’s purpose is the reason an author decides to write about
a specific topic.
 
Persuade
 
Inform
 
Entertain
 
Explain (gives ideas to the reader)
 
Chapter #10 Heady Days at
Stuyvesant High
 
In  3-4 paragraphs re-write an event in this chapter from another
character’s (Florence Dean, William Dean, or Herbert Dean)
perspective or point of view.
 
How does POV change the overall feel of the story? Is the story
being told differently than how Walter is telling it? How so?
 
Describe, in 2-3 sentences, Walter’s writing style in this chapter.
 
Chapter #10 Heady Days at Stuyvesant High
In  3-4 paragraphs re-write an event in this chapter from another
character’s (Florence Dean, William Dean, or Herbert Dean)
perspective or point of view.
How does point of view change the overall feel of the story? Is the
story being told differently than how Walter is telling it? How so?
Chapter #11 The Garment Center
1. Write a summary for this chapter. 
(make sure to introduce the author)
2. Describe, in 2-3 sentences, Walter’s writing style in this chapter.
3. Cite two pieces of textual evidence to support why Walter was
doing “bad” in school. Remember to use a direct quotation and
an in-text citation to support your answer. Also, support your
textual evidence with 2 sentences explaining how Walter was
doing bad.
undefined
 
THEME
 
Theme
 
Is the meaning, moral, or message about life that the writer conveys to the
reader
“universal truth”- valid all time/places
complete sentence
 
Are usually not relevant in the story, but are relevant by:
Title, setting, or characters
Important phrases or statements
The ways the characters change and the lessons they learn about life
undefined
 
DENOTATION AND
CONNOTATION
 
 
Denotation
 
The strict dictionary definition
 
May be found in:
Dictionary
Glossaries
Thesaurus
 
 
 
Connotation
 
The attitudes, emotions and feelings associated with the word
 
May be positive or negative
 
undefined
 
PLOT
 
The pattern of events in a narrative or drama.
 
What a Plot does
 
It introduces you to the people you’ve never met
 
It puts them in interesting or problematic situations
 
It makes them move around to different locations
 
It makes them question their own thoughts or actions
 
And in the end it makes them better people
undefined
 
What do these mean in a plot map?
They are the sequence of related events that make up a story
 
Exposition (Beginning): 
introduces the characters, setting, and conflicts.
Characters: Who is in the story
Setting: where the story is taking place (time and place or
location)
Conflict: the issues happening in the story
 
Rising action: 
characters engage in conflict
 
Climax: 
the turning point to where major conflicts erupt
 
Falling action: 
Things happening after climax or consequences after the conflicts erupts
 
Resolution (End): 
part of the plot that occurs when conflicts are resolved and loose ends are tied
up. The closure to the story.
 
Chapter #18 Sweet Sixteen  
and
Chapter #19 The Typist
 
Using the Bad Boy vocabulary terms below: state the denotation
and connotation for each word
Lynching
Tenement
Minority
Impediment
Racism
Disability
 
Create a plot map for Bad Boy
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Learn about nouns, verbs, and their types in English grammar, with explanations and examples. Enhance your understanding of identifying and using different parts of speech effectively in sentences.

  • English grammar
  • parts of speech
  • nouns
  • verbs
  • language learning

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  1. UNIT 1 & BAD BOY By Walter Dean Myers

  2. Chapters 1 and 2: Annotations What am I looking for? Definitions Lists, features, causes, effects, characteristics, reasons Names, dates, events that are key Examples of main idea Good summary of the passage Good test questions of the passage Something you didn t understand How do I annotate it? Def. * [ ] 1. (done in the text/margin) 2. Underline or (circle) ex (in the margin) { (in the margin) T.Q. (in the margin) ?? (in the margin or the text)

  3. PARTS OF SPEECH

  4. Noun A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea. Whatever exists can be named, and that name is a noun. girl, dog, house, car, school, classroom The dog was fat. The house caught on fire. A proper noun names a specific person, place, or thing Carlos, Queen Marguerite, Middle East, Jerusalem, Malaysia, Presbyterianism, Spanish, the Republican Party is almost always capitalized. You are attending Lone Star Middle School. Olivia loves to sleep all day.

  5. Verbs carries the idea of being or action in the sentence Action verbs: Words that tell what the noun does The students passed all their courses. Josie jumped over the fence. She runs out on the field when she plays soccer. Sally ran across the road. State of being verbs: Linking Verbs: Words that show that the noun exists and link them to the rest of the sentence I am a student. They are happy when he is outside. Helping Verbs (auxiliary): Help show you the action (will, shall, may, might, can, could, must, ought to, should, would, used to, need ) I have finished my dinner. I might go to the movies.

  6. Pronoun refers to a noun, an individual or thing whose identity is made clear earlier in the text. (the pronoun's antecedent) Replaces a noun He, she, it, they, we, them, your, which Bob likes to eat chocolate. He also enjoys watermelon. Jane and Dolly love to bake cakes. They enjoy baking lemon the most.

  7. Adjective words that describe or modify the noun or pronoun in a sentence The Articles a, an, and the are adjectives Blue car Old tractor Rusty sign Small boat the tall professor the small mouse a solid commitment a month's pay a six-year-old child the unhappiest, richest man

  8. Adverb words that modify verbs or adjectives in a sentence often tell when, where, why, or under what conditions something happened. Usually end in ly (most of the time, not always) a verb (He drove slowly. How did he drive?) an adjective (He drove a very fast car. How fast was his car?) an adverb (She moved quite slowly down the aisle. How slowly did she move?) Cheerfully, lightly, beautifully, now, first, last, usually, always, today, tomorrow, only

  9. Interjection words or phrases used to exclaim or protest or command Express an emotion Usually are followed by , or ! Wow, oh, hooray, excuse me, hey, shh, yes, duh, Wow! I won the lottery! Excuse me class, be quiet! Shh, the boy is reading. Hooray! We are out of school! Congratulations! You graduated from college!

  10. Conjunction Is a joiner, a word that connects (conjoins) parts of a sentence And, but, or, so, for, nor, yet Jacob likes to play basketball, yet his favorite sport is tennis. Lone Star Middle School is the best middle school in Idaho, so that is why I am attending school there. I have an itch on my back, but I cannot reach it. Sally loves to bake brownies with her mother, and sometimes her little sister will help. That is neither what I said nor what I meant.

  11. Preposition Word used to show a relationship between a noun or pronoun and some other word in a sentence Specify a place, direction, or time something happened. telling when or where or under what conditions something happened. On, above, across, beneath, outside, toward, below, by, during, onto, under, within, without, between, down, from, in, throughout, at The book was under the desk. (shows relationship between book and desk) The boy fell in the lake without a life jacket. Christine walked toward the school building. I had to crawl beneath the old dirty house.

  12. Prepositional Phrase Consists of a preposition, its object, and any modifiers of the object. The object of the preposition is the noun or pronoun following the preposition. People communicate in many ways. Preposition: in Object: ways Prepositional phrase: in many ways. The children laughed at the clown. People enjoy talking with one another.

  13. Chapter #3 Let's Hear it for the First Grade Now that you learned the parts of speech you need to identify them within your reading: list the page number in which it was found in parenthesis ( ). Ex: pronoun: us (1) Identify the following in the chapter: 4 nouns 4 verbs 4 pronouns 3 conjunctions 2 prepositions 4 adjectives 2 adverbs

  14. SENTENCES AND PUNCTUATION

  15. Clauses A group of words that contain both a subject and a verb Independent: expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. (main clause) - contains subject and verb The gardener calculated the total area. Dependent: contains a subject and verb, but does not express a complete thought. after she measured the plot carefully

  16. Simple Sentence Has one independent clause and no dependent clause. The fish swam. The little girl danced. The boy and girl walked to school. The boy loves to play basketball and baseball.

  17. Compound Sentence consists of two or more independent clauses joined together, but no dependent clause. May be joined by a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon. Coordinating conjunctions: Susie loves to go to the store by herself, but she would rather have someone go with her. The dog barked; the cat screeched. for and nor but or yet so The girl didn t want to go to the water park, so she decided to stay home. FANBOYS

  18. Complex sentence Subordinating conjunctions: consists of one independent clause and one dependent clause - Introduced with a subordinating conjunction after although as as soon as because before even though if since than though unless until when whenever Wherever which while The dog barked although he was well fed. The boy cried because he lost his tooth. The squirrel jumped out of the tree when he saw a cat climbing it. Although every sport involves some risk, people who take part in extreme sports face a higher-than-average level of risk.

  19. Compound-Complex sentence has two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. Many people claimed that they had seen ghosts in the windows, and others believed them. As soon as the duck quacked, the frog jumped on the lily pad, and the rooster crowed.

  20. Punctuation Interrogative: (?) asks a direct question or requests information Where did the dog hide his bone? Exclamatory: (!) shows a strong emotion (interjection) Wow! You are an awesome teacher! Imperative: (.) gives a command or ask someone to do something Clear the table for dinner. Declarative: (.) declares a statement or states a fact The bus was late to school.

  21. Chapter #4 Arithmetic Summer Identify the following in the chapter and write the page number in which it was found. (focus on key examples from the text) Ex: Simple sentence: Each of us is born with a history already in place (1). 2 compound-complex sentences 2 compound sentences 2 complex sentences 2 nouns 2 verbs 2 pronouns 2 conjunctions 2 adjectives 2 adverbs 2 prepositions Explain a time in your life when you had surgery or when someone you know had surgery. How did you feel? What did you go through? (answer using and underlining at least 1 compound- complex sentence, 1 complex sentence, and 1 compound sentence)

  22. Chapter #5 Bad Boy 1. On page 35-36, Walter takes a step back from his own life to give a description of the broader political and cultural climate of 1947. Is this good for someone to do when writing a memoir? Explain in 4-5 sentences why or why not? 2. Why does Walter prefer his name to be Walter Myers? 3. In this chapter we are introduced to Walter s bad behaviors. What bad behaviors did he do, and do you think he understood the seriousness of his actions? Do you think he should have been more severely punished for these behaviors? 4. In what ways is Walter s community sensitive to racial differences? In what ways is it insensitive to racial differences? 5. Who is the subject of Walter s first published poem? 6. Describe in 2-3 sentences (underline 1 compound-complex) how bullying can negatively impact the person who is being bullied.

  23. Chapter #6 Mr. Irwin Lasher In Mr. Lasher s sixth-grade class, Walter s grades and behavior improved. Why do you think Walter does better in this class than in previous classes? Why do you think Walter tells his father that his mother beat him rather than admitting the truth-that he was injured trying to hitch a ride on a taxi? Do you think Walter s lie is justifiable and why? (Explain each question in 4-5 sentences; underline 1 compound, 1 complex sentence)

  24. Chapter #6 Mr. Irwin Lasher What makes a good teacher?

  25. TEXTUAL EVIDENCE AND IN-TEXT CITATIONS:

  26. Why do you need to cite information? When you are writing a paper that includes information from a source, you must give credit to the person who wrote it.

  27. There is 3 ways to cite information Quoting: Writing a direct line from a text Paraphrasing: Writing information from a text in your own words Summarizing: Writing a summary on an entire text in your own words

  28. NO matter which way you cite your information, you must give credit to the author who originally wrote it Quoting: the use of direct words that is identical to the original, therefore matching the source document word for word. quotation marks (author s last name page number). Each of us is born with a history already in place. There are physical aspects that make us brown-eyed or blue- eyed, that make us tall or not so tall, or give us curly or straight hair (Myers 1). According to Myers, Each of us is born with a history already in place (1).

  29. Paraphrasing: the use of a passage from the source document into your own words, therefore it usually is shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly. Paraphrase (page number). Everyone is unique in their own way, whether it s how we look or how we act, we are each born with a history all ready in line for us (Myers 1).

  30. Summarizing: the use of putting the main idea(s) into your own words, which includes only the main point(s). Like a paraphrase it will be significantly shorter than the original document; takes a broader overview. Walter Dean Myers faced many obstacles his life, but racial discrimination in the biggest obstacle he faced. After reading the book Bad Boy, I was able to see how he struggled growing up. Even though he made some bad decisions, he never let himself see his skin color, nor did that stop him from following his dream to become a writer.

  31. Chapter #7 I Am Not the Center of the Universe After you and finished annotating, answer questions the questions below in 3 or more complete sentences. To support your answers for questions 1 and 3, cite textual evidence (quotation) and use an in-text citation. Ex: Each of us is born with a history already in place (Myers 1). 1. What challenges did Walter go through to help him grow/mature to discover a new identity for himself? (quote three examples) 2. Does it always take extreme circumstances to overcome a challenge? Explain why or why not? 3. What role did self reflection play in Walter s personal growth? (one quote example)

  32. POINT OF VIEW

  33. Point of view Who is telling the story/ How the story is being told First person: shows the action through the eyes of one of the characters. This character, narrator, uses the pronouns I, me, my, our, and us. Second person: has a narrator who uses the pronoun you to address the reader directly Third person: has a narrator who does not take part in the action of the story and who uses the pronouns he, she, him, her, they and them when describing the characters. Omniscient: a method of storytelling in which the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in the story Limited: the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings to one character's perspective.

  34. STYLE AND PURPOSE

  35. Authors style How something is said or written (not what is said) When thinking about style, first consider the clothes people wear, like we looked at with labels. Whatever they wear, people choose clothes to express themselves and their own personal style. Authors have style too, but it's not a clothing style, it s called literary style. Writers express their ideas in specific ways by using just the right word and putting it in just the right place. A literary style reflects the author's personality and the purpose for their writing. It s not what they are saying, but how they are saying it.

  36. Style How something is said or written (not what is said) Word choice Sentence length Figurative language Tone

  37. Authors Purpose An author s purpose is the reason an author decides to write about a specific topic. Persuade Inform Entertain Explain (gives ideas to the reader)

  38. Chapter #10 Heady Days at Stuyvesant High In 3-4 paragraphs re-write an event in this chapter from another character s (Florence Dean, William Dean, or Herbert Dean) perspective or point of view. How does POV change the overall feel of the story? Is the story being told differently than how Walter is telling it? How so? Describe, in 2-3 sentences, Walter s writing style in this chapter.

  39. Chapter #10 Heady Days at Stuyvesant High In 3-4 paragraphs re-write an event in this chapter from another character s (Florence Dean, William Dean, or Herbert Dean) perspective or point of view. How does point of view change the overall feel of the story? Is the story being told differently than how Walter is telling it? How so? Chapter #11 The Garment Center 1. Write a summary for this chapter. (make sure to introduce the author) 2. Describe, in 2-3 sentences, Walter s writing style in this chapter. 3. Cite two pieces of textual evidence to support why Walter was doing bad in school. Remember to use a direct quotation and an in-text citation to support your answer. Also, support your textual evidence with 2 sentences explaining how Walter was doing bad.

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