Overview of Shock Classifications and Causes
Classification of shock
Hypovolemic shock
Cardiogenic shock
Obstructive shock
Distributive shock
Endocrine shock
Hypovolemic shock
•
may be due to hemorrhagic or non-hemorrhagic causes.
•
most common form of shock, and to some degree is a
component of all other forms of shock.
•
Non-hemorrhagic causes
•
dehydration
•
excessive fluid loss due
•
vomiting
•
diarrhea
•
urinary loss
•
evaporation
•
‘thirdspacing’ where fluid is
lost into the interstitial spaces
Cardiogenic shock
•
primary failure of the heart to pump blood to the tissues.
•
myocardial infarction, cardiac dysrhythmias, valvular heart
disease, blunt myocardial injury and cardiomyopathy.
Obstructive shock
•
reduction in preload due to mechanical obstruction of cardiac
filling.
•
cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, massive pulmonary
embolus or air embolus.
Distributive shock
•
septic shock, anaphylaxis and spinal cord injury (neurogenic
shock).
Inadequate organ perfusion is accompanied by
vascular
dilatation
with hypotension, low systemic vascular
resistance, inadequate afterload and a resulting abnormally
high cardiac output.
•
In anaphylaxis
, vasodilatation is due to histamine release
•
high spinal cord injury
there is failure of sympathetic outflow
and adequate vascular tone
•
in sepsis
is less clear but is related to the release of bacterial
product (endotoxin) and the activation of cellular and humoral
components of the immune system.
Endocrine shock
•
Causes of endocrine shock include hypo and hyperthyroidism
and adrenal insufficiency.
Hypothyroidism causes a shock state similar to that of
neurogenic shock due to disordered vascular and cardiac
responsiveness to circulating catecholamines.
Thyrotoxicosis may cause a high output cardiac failure.
Adrenal insufficiency leads to shock due to hypovolaemia and a poor
response to circulating and exogenous catecholamines. Adrenal
insufficiency may be due to preexisting Addison’s disease or be a
relative insufficiency due to a pathological disease state, such as
systemic sepsis.
Shock is classified into different types such as Hypovolemic, Cardiogenic, Obstructive, Distributive, and Endocrine shock. Hypovolemic shock results from fluid loss, while Cardiogenic shock is due to heart failure. Obstructive shock occurs from mechanical obstructions, whereas Distributive shock is related to inadequate organ perfusion. Endocrine shock can be caused by conditions like hypo/hyperthyroidism and adrenal insufficiency.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. Download presentation by click this link. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
Classification of shock Hypovolemic shock Cardiogenic shock Obstructive shock Distributive shock Endocrine shock
Hypovolemic shock may be due to hemorrhagic or non-hemorrhagic causes. most common form of shock, and to some degree is a component of all other forms of shock. Non-hemorrhagic causes dehydration excessive fluid loss due vomiting diarrhea thirdspacing where fluid is lost into the interstitial spaces urinary loss evaporation
Cardiogenic shock primary failure of the heart to pump blood to the tissues. myocardial infarction, cardiac dysrhythmias, valvular heart disease, blunt myocardial injury and cardiomyopathy.
Obstructive shock reduction in preload due to mechanical obstruction of cardiac filling. cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, massive pulmonary embolus or air embolus.
Distributive shock septic shock, anaphylaxis and spinal cord injury (neurogenic shock). Inadequate organ perfusion is accompanied by vascular dilatation with hypotension, low systemic vascular resistance, inadequate afterload and a resulting abnormally high cardiac output. In anaphylaxis, vasodilatation is due to histamine release high spinal cord injury there is failure of sympathetic outflow and adequate vascular tone in sepsis is less clear but is related to the release of bacterial product (endotoxin) and the activation of cellular and humoral components of the immune system.
Endocrine shock Causes of endocrine shock include hypo and hyperthyroidism and adrenal insufficiency. Hypothyroidism causes a shock state similar to that of neurogenic shock due to disordered vascular and cardiac responsiveness to circulating catecholamines. Thyrotoxicosis may cause a high output cardiac failure. Adrenal insufficiency leads to shock due to hypovolaemia and a poor response to circulating and exogenous catecholamines. Adrenal insufficiency may be due to preexisting Addison s disease or be a relative insufficiency due to a pathological disease state, such as systemic sepsis.
