Overview of Nemathelminthes: Salient Characters and General Characteristics
Nemathelminthes, a phylum of eukaryotic organisms, include parasites such as helminths. This summary covers the salient characters and general characteristics of Nemathelminthes, focusing on the classes within this phylum, like Nematoda. The description highlights key features like body shape, presence of body cavity, sucker, and alimentary canal.
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Salient Characters Salient Characters of of Phylum: Phylum: Nemathelminthes Nemathelminthes Bihar Animal Sciences University | Dr. AJIT KUMAR Dr. AJIT KUMAR Department of Veterinary Parasitology Department of Veterinary Parasitology Bihar Veterinary College Bihar Veterinary College Bihar Animal Sciences University Bihar Animal Sciences University Patna Patna- -800014 800014 Image source: Google image
Salient Characters of Salient Characters of Phylum: Phylum: Nemathelminthes Nemathelminthes o Parasites Parasites are are eukaryotic eukaryotic organisms organisms. . Parasites Protozoa Protozoa (Unicellular) (Unicellular) Arthropods Arthropods (Metazoa- Multicellular) Helminth Helminths s ( (Metazoa Metazoa- - Multicellular) Multicellular) Phylum: Phylum:- - Platyhelminthes Platyhelminthes Phylum: Phylum:- - Acanthocephala Acanthocephala Phylum: Phylum:- - Nemathelminthes Nemathelminthes
Salient Characters of Salient Characters of Phylum: Phylum: Nemathelminthes Nemathelminthes Helminth Helminth word word has has been been derived derived from from a a Greek Greek word word helmins helmins or or helminthos helminthos which which means means a a worm worm. . Helminths Helminths (worms) (worms) are are mainly mainly endoparasites endoparasites. . Helminths Platyhelminthe Platyhelminthes s Nemathelminthes Nemathelminthes Acanthocephala Acanthocephala
Salient Characters of Salient Characters of Phylum: Phylum: Nemathelminthes Nemathelminthes Class: Nematoda Class: Nematoda General Characters: General Characters: o Commonly Commonly called o Body Body is is generally generally cylindrical o Body Body is is round round in called called as as roundworms roundworms. . called nematodes nematodes ( ( Roundworms) cylindrical with in cross cross section section and Roundworms). . with pointed pointed ends and hence ends. . hence they they are are Cuticle of Nematodes is rich in collagen and a carbohydrate-protein polymer called chitin. o Image source: Google image
Salient Characters of Salient Characters of Phylum: Phylum: Nemathelminthes Nemathelminthes General Characters: General Characters: Body cavity cavity present Body segmentation segmentation absent Sucker absent absent. . Complete alimentary alimentary canal o Body present ( (Pseudocoelomate Pseudocoelomate) ). . absent. . o Body o Sucker o Complete canal is is present present. . Image source: Google image
Salient Characters of Salient Characters of Phylum: Phylum: Nemathelminthes Nemathelminthes General Characters: General Characters: Unisexual Unisexual (dioecious) Females Females are are longer Excretory Excretory organs (dioecious) longer than organs are o than male are lateral lateral canals male. . o canals o Image source: Google image
Salient Characters of Salient Characters of Phylum: Phylum: Nemathelminthes Nemathelminthes General Characters: General Characters: o Life-cycle includes eggs and five larval stages and mature adult worm. o Larval stages are designated as 1st, 2nd 3rd, 4th and 5th stage larva i.e. L1, L2, L3 ,L4 and L5 ( Immature adult) . o Molting or ecdysis i.e. shedding of cuticular sheath takes places between two larval stages . o Four molting occur in the life-cycle of nematodes. Image source: Google image
Salient Characters of Salient Characters of Phylum: Phylum: Nemathelminthes Nemathelminthes General Characters: General Characters: Infective stage: Generally 3 o Infective stage: Generally 3rd rd stage larva ( L3) stage larva ( L3) Exception: Exception: o In Ascarid worms: In Ascarid worms: Egg containing 2 stage. stage. Egg containing 2nd nd stage larva is infective stage larva is infective o In In Trichuris Trichuris spp. (Whip worm): spp. (Whip worm): Embryonated eggs Embryonated eggs Life-cycle of Dictyocaulus viviparous ( Lung worm) Image source: Google image
Salient Characters of Salient Characters of Phylum: Phylum: Nemathelminthes Nemathelminthes General Characters: General Characters: In Ascarid worms: Egg containing 2 o In Ascarid worms: Egg containing 2nd nd stage larva is infective stage stage larva is infective stage Image source: Google image
Salient Characters of Salient Characters of Phylum: Phylum: Nemathelminthes Nemathelminthes General Characters: General Characters: o In In Trichuris Trichuris spp. (Whip worm): spp. (Whip worm): Infective stage is embryonated eggs stage is embryonated eggs Infective Image source: Google image
Salient Characters of Salient Characters of Phylum: Phylum: Nemathelminthes Nemathelminthes General Characters: General Characters: Life Life- -cycle cycle : : Direct Direct. . Image source: Google image
Salient Characters of Salient Characters of Phylum: Phylum: Nemathelminthes Nemathelminthes General Characters: General Characters: Life Life- -cycle cycle : : Indirect Indirect. . Image source: Google image
Phylum Phylum- - Nemathelminthes Nemathelminthes Class: Class:- - Nematoda ( Roundworms) Nematoda ( Roundworms) Toxocara Toxocara vitulorum vitulorum Haemonchus Haemonchus contortus ( Stomach worm) contortus Ancylostoma caninum ( Hook worm of dog) Trichuris sp. ( Whip worm) Dioctophyma renale ( Kidney worm of dog Image source: Google image Ascaridia galli
Salient Characters of Salient Characters of Phylum: Phylum: Nemathelminthes Nemathelminthes Nematodes ( Roundworms) Nematodes Nematodes Common Name Common Name Haemonchus Haemonchus contortus contortus Stomach Stomach worm worm Dictyocaulus Dictyocaulus viviparous Oesophagostomum Oesophagostomum spp. viviparous Lung Lung worm of cattle worm of cattle Nodular worms Nodular worms spp. Stephanurus Stephanurus dentatus Ostertagia Ostertagia spp. dentatus spp. Kidney Kidney worm of pig worm of pig Brown stomach worms Brown stomach worms Syngamus Syngamus trachea trachea Gape Gape worm worm Dirofilaria Dirofilaria immitis immitis Heart Heart worm of dog worm of dog Thelazia Thelazia callipaeda callipaeda Eye worm Eye worm of dog of dog Strongylus Strongylus spp. Spirocerca Spirocerca lupi spp. lupi Pallisade Pallisade worm or red worms worm or red worms Oesophageal Oesophageal tumour tumour worm of dog dog Pin worm of equines worm of Oxyuris Oxyuris equi equi
