Overview of Mu2e Slow Extraction Workshop at Fermilab by Vladimir Nagaslaev

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This content discusses the Mu2e project at Fermilab, focusing on slow extraction techniques for beam delivery. It covers beam facilities, characteristics of Muon Campus, design requirements, beam losses, new MARS simulations, and losses in the extraction beam line. Details include beam kinetics, spill characteristics, and mitigation strategies for beam losses. The workshop emphasized efficient beam transport and highlighted key challenges and solutions in beam delivery for the Mu2e experiment.

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SX for Mu2e at Fermilab Vladimir Nagaslaev Slow Extraction Workshop, January 24, 2022 J-PARC - Virtual

Beam Facilities at Fermilab Ext. Beamlines Proton Source Muon Campus 120GeV transport Delivery Ring 8GeV transport Recycler Main Injector Muon Campus delivers beams for g-2 until Shutdown-2023 Mu2e commissioning will follow Mu2e 2 V.Nagaslaev - Slow Extraction for Mu2e 01/24/2022

Muon Campus Slow Extraction Mu2e Beam design figures Beam kinetic Energy 8GeV 1.69 sec Pulsed beam structure period #POT/year 1.2e20 Average beam power 8kW #spills in 1.4 sec MI cycle 8 Extinction (no beam outside bucket) <1e-10 Intensity per spill 1e12p Duty factor (time) 25% Spill length 43ms Reset time between spills 5ms Spill Duty Factor >60% Efficiency >98% 3 V.Nagaslaev - Slow Extraction for Mu2e 01/24/2022

Mu2e SX characteristics Delivery Ring: Circumference 505m (Tr=1.7usec) FODO lattice, max=15m Dispersion suppressed in SS Bunched beam, single bunch H=4 Extraction: 3rd integer, Qx=29/3- Quad driven squeeze Spill corrections: Quads + RFKO Spill time 43ms Beam abort in the end of spill 4 V.Nagaslaev - Slow Extraction for Mu2e 01/24/2022

Mu2e SX: beam losses Design requirement: <2% Limitations in the Ring design Design: Dynamic angle bump at septum Low Ring chromaticity ~1 (unnorm.) Tracking simulations: 1.5% is achievable (50u effective foil width) Service building 30 Parking Lot Indian road In-tunnel shielding at septum location 5 V.Nagaslaev - Slow Extraction for Mu2e 01/24/2022

Mu2e SX: New MARS simulations New effort of MARS simulations, extending to entire ring Detailed geometry description (ROOT) Integration with MADX tracking Goal: study most likely loss locations and mitigation options About 50% of losses happen in Extraction (0.8% of beam power) - 10m Losses along the ring (not final) 6 V.Nagaslaev - Slow Extraction for Mu2e 01/24/2022

Mu2e SX: Losses in the extraction beam line 0.3% of beam halo to be removed Up to 5R/hr on contact Shielding being designed Effective dose rate at contact with COL907 as a function of cooling time for various irradiation times 0.5 day 1 day 5 days 30 days 100 days 365 days 7300 days Beam 1.E+05 1.E+04 1.E+03 mrem/hr 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00 1.E-01 1.E-02 Halo Collimator COL907 1.E-03 0.00001 0.001 0.1 10 1000 100000 Cooling Time (days) Entrance part of the M4/M5 beam lines 7 V.Nagaslaev - Slow Extraction for Mu2e 01/24/2022

Mu2e SX: ways to further reduce beam losses ESS1 design incorporates the 30cm diffuser space US the septum Studying the feasibility of crystal collimation implementation Careful control on septum plane Critical angle @ 8 GeV ~60 rad CH = 300 rad MCS ~ 55 rad if L < 200 m Old MARS simulations with the diffuser Up to 40% improvement in efficiency Total losses vs beam angle (MARS), normal red, w/diffuser - green Computed PDFs L.Esposito, CERN, 11-2021 8 V.Nagaslaev - Slow Extraction for Mu2e 01/24/2022

Mu2e SX: ways to further reduce beam losses Careful control of the septum plane [mm] 1mm Optical Laser-head foil profilometer ( a la J-PARC) 30 m 9 V.Nagaslaev - Slow Extraction for Mu2e 01/24/2022

Spill Quality Originally the experiment requested variations below 50% Working closely with the experiment since WS-2019 Accelerator requirement relaxed to SDF>60% Clear understanding this does not satisfy Mu2e Mutual effort with Mu2e to evaluate impacts of the spill ripples Great input from the SX workshops Exploring new methods and techniques to improve the spill quality Working with the EE support/PS group Collaborate with BNL and J-PARC Looking for new inputs/collaborations 10 V.Nagaslaev - Slow Extraction for Mu2e 01/24/2022

Spill Regulation Ref RFKO Power PID Controllers (feedback) Spill & Ripple Monitoring Ripple FFT analysis (feedforward) Learning spill controller (feedforward) Squeeze waveform Ref All tasks in one board Aria10 SOM board: in development now Slow learning for spill profile FF corrections Semi-slow phase-locked ripple FF tracking 10kHz fast PID FB regulation Room to accommodate ML client Stay tuned for the ML presentation later Aria10 Carrier board 11 V.Nagaslaev - Slow Extraction for Mu2e 01/24/2022

Recent developments towards Slow Extraction The full scale ESS prototype was commissioned in 2020 Production of the final septa is in progress SX magnets and magnet PSs fully commissioned There were several opportunities to reconfigure the DR to 8GeV and perform some beam studies for the Mu2e A lot more machine time is needed to fully prepare machine for the Mu2e operation 12 V.Nagaslaev - Slow Extraction for Mu2e 01/24/2022