Overview of ICT Development and Telecom Sector in Sudan
Explore the ICT market development and impacts on VoIP in Sudan, along with the country's profile, demographics, and milestones in the telecom sector. Discover key information about Sudan's population, age structure, religions, languages, urbanization rate, and historical milestones in telecommunications from the introduction of telegraph services to the privatization of the telecom sector. Delve into the country's journey in adopting modern technologies and expanding its communication infrastructure.
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Sudanese ICT Market Development Impacts on VoIP: The Sudanese Case
Where is Sudan? North Eastof African (1500 N, 3000 E)
Flag, Emblem, and National Anthem http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:r0gE4MuAoJXBvM:http://www.supportourpeople.com/images/flags/600/sudan_coa_n7058.png Go to fullsize image (We Are the Army of God, the Army of the MotherLand) ------
Sudan Demographics Profile 2012 (2011 est.) 1) Population: 25,946,220. 2) Age structure: (0 14) years = 42.1% (as follows): #(Males= 9,696,726) , (Females=9,286,894). (15 64) years= 55.2% (as follows): # (Males = 12,282,082) , (Females = 12,571,424). 65 years and over = 2.7% (as follows): # (Males = 613,817) , (Females = 596,559)
...Continued Sudan Demographics Religions: * Sunni Muslim, small Christian minority. Languages: *Arabic (official), * English (Second language), * Nubian, Bedawie, Fur Urbanization *Urban population: 40% of total population (2010). *Rate of urbanization: 3.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Telecom Sector Milestones 1859 Telecommunications introduced in Sudan: * First telegraph link between Cairo & Sawaken. 1871 1873 Telegraph line reached Khartoum (Small unit for Post & Telegraph). 1892 - 1903 First Telephone exchange in Sudan (Eldaba & Khartoum). 1910 -1971 Theservice was run byagovernment body known as Posts & Telegraphs (P&T) 1971 - 1978 Telecommunication was separated from the Post service and run asagovernmental Department. 1978 93 Sudan Telecommunications Public Corporation (STPC) formed and operated.
Continued Telecom Sector Milestones(2) April1993: privatization of the telecom sector & the establishment of the Sudan Telecommunications Company(Sudatel), a Fixed wire-line phone service. 1994: Sudatel starts commercial operation. 1996: The first mobile phone system, a GSM license, is awarded to the Sudanese Mobile Telecommunications Company(Mobitel). 1997: Sudan s first ISP(Sudanet) starts commercial operation, with 128Kbps Bandwidth capacity. 1997: Sudan s first GSM system operator, Mobitel, starts commercial operation. 10
Continued Telecom Sector Milestones(3) 2001: Establishment of the National Telecommunications Corporation(NTC), a new regulatory body for telecom. 2003: A second mobile-phone (GSM) license is awarded to Bashair(MTN). 2004 : A second fixed-wireless phone(CDMA) license is awarded to CanarTel. 2005: International gateways are opened for all operators(telecom sector fully deregulated). 2006: A third mobile-phone (CDMA) license is awarded to Sudani, an affiliate of Sudatel. Sudani later on built an GSM network. 11
# Telecom Sector Statistics(Q2, 2012) 1) Mobile phone system Subscribers = 26,370,531. 2) Fixed phone system Subscribers = 467,541. 3) Internet users = 11 millions. 4) Internet Broadband users >= 1 millions. 5) Phone density = 70%. 6) Geographical coverage= 35%. 7) Population coverage= 88%. 12
Subscribers Growth: Fixed & Mobile (Q1,2012) 13,309,486 6,349,356 6,426,493 314,959 160,469 26,560,763 (Q2, 2012) 12,611,642 6,920,560 6,838,329 330,725 136,816 26,838,072 Zain(Mobile) MTN(Mobile) Sudani(Mobile) Canar( Fixed Wireless) Thabit(Fixed Wireline) Total Fixed & Mobile Subscribers (2012) 14,000,000 12,000,000 12,611,642 13,309,486 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,838,329 6,426,493 6,920,560 6,349,356 6,000,000 330,725 314,959 136,816 160,469 4,000,000 2,000,000 0 Zain(Mobile) MTN(Mobile) Sudani(Mobile) Canar( Fixed Wireless) Thabit(Fixed Wireline) (Q1,2012) (Q2, 2012)
Telecom Operators' Market Share:- Coverage: Geographic coverage:35% Population coverage:88% Coverage: Geographic coverage: 31% Technology: CDMA 1x EV-DO Technology: GPSR, HSPA Subscribers: 6,975,145 Subscribers: 12,697,024 Coverage: Geographic coverage:33% Population coverage:28% Coverage: Geographic coverage:8.5% Population coverage:55.1% Technology: WLL CDMA Technology: GSM / UMTS Subscribers: 314,976 26,956,164 Subscribers: 6,969,019 Total Subscribers: Total Subscribers: 26,956,164
Traffic(Q1 & Q2, 2012):- Item/Period Local Traffic(Off net) International Incoming traffic (Q1,2012) 849,641,316 365,732,201 (Q2, 2012) 843,185,127 453,662,775 International Outgoing traffic 164,280,214 205,908,763 Total(minutes) 1,379,653,731 1,502,756,665 Traffic(2012) in minutes 900,000,000 800,000,000 843,185,127 849,641,316 205,908,763 700,000,000 600,000,000 164,280,214 500,000,000 453,662,775 365,732,201 400,000,000 300,000,000 200,000,000 100,000,000 0 Local Traffic(Off net) International Incoming traffic (Q1,2012) International Outcoming traffic (Q2, 2012)
# ICT provides numerous benefits & advantages resulting in considerably better: Time, effort & cost utilization &saving, Financial leveraging, Human capacity training, allocation & re- organization, Safety measures standardization, & implementation, and Environment protection & preservation 17
Q. What is VoIP(Voice over internet protocol)? (1) The routing of a voice conversation over the internet or through an IP based network. (2) VoIP Services cover a range of services: 1) Voice over broadband (VoB), i.e. international private lease circuits. 2) Voice over digital subscriber loop (DSL). 3) Voice over Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). 4) IP telephony or voice over IP-based networks. (3) VoIP is also integrated with other services ( data, video) that are available on the internet. 19
VoIP Regulation Status: the Sudan (1) A number of presentations were given highlighting the Regulatory and Technical aspects of voice over internet protocol(VoIP) at the NTC quarters. (2)A set of amendments was proposed to the Law & Regulation of telecom services , to include VoIP , and to be formulated textually and put to open & comprehensive discussion . (3)A public consultancy was formulated and presented to interested parties, post approval from the NTC Consultancy Council. (4) Responses were received some Operators, while others asked for an extension of the period. 20
Continued VoIP Regulation Status: the Sudan 5. Documents Currently available are:- VoIP Signaling Protocol, Regulating telephone calls over Internet Protocol Public Consultancy Regulations of telephone- call services over Internet Protocol (Arabic/English). Operators Responses. 21
Telecom Sector Overview 1) Operators & ISP s:- 2 Fixed-phone Operators(Sudatel &CanarTel). 3 Mobile-telephone Operators(Zain, MTN, Sudani) 2 ISP(Vision Valley, Suddern) 2) VoIP Status:- VoIP is not officially Regulated. Current policy does not officially ban VOIP in Operators core networks. Permitted in private networks. Wide-spread gray market. 22
Telecom Sector Overview 1) Problem of Grey Market:- Appreciable international traffic volume routed via VOIP. Telecom sector income (hard cash) drops significantly. International calls Prices are low compared to legacy calls, depriving the national economy from sizable hard- currency revenues. Presumably will have an affect on NTC reputation in local, regional and international organizations and institutions. 23
VoIP Policy/regulation for Sudan # The Proposal:- 1) Issue 2 types of licenses for VoIP Gateways:- Intra-gateway(Individual-authorization license), and Inter-gateway(General-authorization license. 2) Intra-gateway to be licensed only to ISP s with proven record of adherence to NTC laws & regulations. 3) VoIP QoS to be specified in comparison with toll quality. 4) VoIP Tariff to be specified for both toll quality and below toll quality. 5) All agreements between Operators & ISP s to be under supervision of NTC. 25
ContinuedVoIP Policy/regulation for Sudan:- # Recommendations:- 1) Terms of Reference(TOR) for General Authorization and Individual Authorization be clearly stated & immediately issued. 2) VoIP license should be restricted to ISP s only. 3) Intra-gateway license should not be awarded to Mobile & Fixed phone operators, to ensure government attains its full share of telecom revenues. 4) Inter-gateway license may be awarded to Mobile & Fixed phone operators, to access international VoIP gateways via their own networks. This allows their customers the use of their own devices to make low- rate VoIP ILD calls. 26
Actions to be Taken: # Regulating phone calls via Internet protocol (VoIP) requires concerted, relentless efforts by all stakeholders. # A few steps to be taken are below: 1. 1stBrain Storming meeting:(NTC Staff). 2. 2ndBrain Storming meeting :(Operators, ISP s, ). 3. Assistance request: (ITU, ATU,VoIP experts). 4. VoIP Regulatory commission: Experts in Law, Economics& Eng., 5.VoIP commission mission is as follows: * Device a VoIP Regulatory Framework. * Put clear rules for VoIP Interconnection. * Recommend a globally-proven Tariff Model. # Indicators for evaluating VoIP Status must be periodically gathered, analyzed and recommendations forwarded about them to NTC Directorate.
Actions to be Taken: 1. Institute neutral consortia for VoIP development. 2. Clearly define VoIP service & service models. 3. Measure the impact of grey traffic. 4. Determine desired market outcome. 5. Develop policy. 6. Enforce policy. # IP technology will become the future network architecture. All proper measures must be taken for the benefit of all stakeholders. 28
Conclusion 29
# The key regulatory challenges include:- (1)Regulating the internet, especially voice calls transported via the internet, (2) defining a minimum criterion for legal VoIP for equivalence to traditional voice, (3) measuring the financial and social impact of illegal VoIP traffic on licensed telecoms operators and economies in general.
