Overview of ICT Development and Telecom Sector in Sudan
4
Flag, Emblem, and National Anthem
ن
ح
ن
ج
ن
د
الله
-
-
-
-
-
-
ج
ن
د
ا
ل
و
ط
ن
(We Are the Army of God,
the Army of the MotherLand)
Sudan Demographics
Profile 2012 (2011 est.)
1)
Population
:
2
5,946,220
.
2)
Age
s
tructure
:
(
0
–
1
4
)
y
ears
=
4
2.1
%
(
a
s
f
ollows
)
:
#(
Males
=
9,696,726
)
,
(
Females
=
9,286,894
).
(
1
5
–
6
4
)
y
ears
=
5
5.2
%
(
a
s
f
ollows
)
:
#
(
Males
=
12,282,082
)
,
(
Females
=
12,571,424
).
65
y
ears
a
nd
o
ver
=
2
.7
%
(
a
s
f
ollows
)
:
#
(
Males
=
613,817
)
,
(
Females
=
596,559
)
Religions:
* Sunni Muslim, small Christian minority.
Languages
:
*Arabic (official),
* English (Second language),
* Nubian, Bedawie, Fur
Urbanization
*Urban population:
40%
of total population (
2010
).
*Rate of urbanization:
3.7%
annual rate of change
(2010-15 est.)
...Continued …Sudan Demographics
8
1859
–
T
elecommunications
i
ntroduced
i
n
S
udan
:
*
First
telegraph
link
between
Cairo
&
Sawaken
.
1871
–
1873
T
elegraph
l
ine
r
eached
K
hartoum
(
S
mall
u
nit
f
or
P
ost
&
T
elegraph
)
.
1892
-
1
903
F
irst
T
elephone
e
xchange
i
n
S
udan
(
E
ldaba
&
K
hartoum
)
.
1910
-
1
971
T
he
s
ervice
w
as
r
un
b
y
a
g
overnment
b
ody
k
nown
a
s
P
osts
&
T
elegraphs
(
P
&
T
)
1971
-
1
978
T
elecommunication
w
as
s
eparated
f
rom
t
he
P
ost
s
ervice
a
nd
r
un
a
s
a
g
overnmental
Department
.
1978
–
9
3
S
udan
T
elecommunications
P
ublic
Corporation
(
STPC
)
formed
and
operated
.
10
10
April1993
:
p
rivatization
o
f
t
he
t
elecom
s
ector
&
t
he
e
stablishment
o
f
t
he
S
udan
T
elecommunications
C
ompany
(
S
udatel
)
,
a
F
ixed
w
ire-line
p
hone
s
ervice
.
1994
:
S
udatel
s
tarts
c
ommercial
o
peration
.
1996
:
T
he
f
irst
m
obile
p
hone
s
ystem
,
a
G
SM
l
icense
,
i
s
a
warded
t
o
t
he
S
udanese
M
obile
T
elecommunications
C
ompany
(
M
obitel
)
.
1997
:
S
udan’s
f
irst
I
SP
(
S
udanet
)
s
tarts
c
ommercial
operation
,
with
128Kbps
Bandwidth
capacity
.
1997
:
S
udan’s
f
irst
G
SM
s
ystem
o
perator
,
M
obitel
,
starts
commercial
operation
.
11
11
2001
:
E
stablishment
o
f
t
he
N
ational
T
elecommunications
C
orporation
(
N
TC
)
,
a
n
ew
r
egulatory
b
ody
f
or
t
elecom
.
2003
:
A
s
econd
m
obile-phone
(
G
SM
)
l
icense
i
s
a
warded
t
o
B
ashair
(
M
TN
)
.
2004
:
A
s
econd
f
ixed-wireless
p
hone
(
C
DMA
)
l
icense
i
s
a
warded
t
o
C
anarTel
.
2005
:
I
nternational
g
ateways
a
re
o
pened
f
or
a
ll
o
perators
(
t
elecom
s
ector
f
ully
d
eregulated
)
.
2006
:
A
t
hird
m
obile-phone
(
C
DMA
)
l
icense
i
s
a
warded
t
o
S
udani
,
a
n
a
ffiliate
o
f
S
udatel
.
S
udani
l
ater
o
n
b
uilt
a
n
G
SM
n
etwork
.
12
12
2
)
Fixed
phone
system
Subscribers
=
467,541
.
1
)
Mobile
phone
system
Subscribers
=
26,370,531
.
6
)
Geographical
coverage
=
35
%
.
5
)
Phone
density
=
70
%
.
7
)
Population
coverage
=
88
%
.
3
)
Internet
users
=
11
millions
.
4
)
Internet
Broadband
users
>=
1
millions
.
Total Subscribers: 26,956,164
Total Subscribers: 26,956,164
17
#
ICT
provides
numerous
benefits
&
a
dvantages
resulting
in
considerably
better
:
Time
,
e
ffort
&
c
ost
u
tilization
&
s
aving
,
Financial
l
everaging
,
Human
c
apacity
t
raining
,
a
llocation
&
r
e-
organization
,
Safety
m
easures
s
tandardization
,
&
i
mplementation
,
a
nd
Environment
p
rotection
&
p
reservation
18
18
The VoIP Case
19
19
Q. What is
VoIP
(Voice over internet protocol)?
(
1
) The routing of a voice conversation over the
internet or through an IP based network.
(
2
) “
VoIP Services
” cover a range of services:
1)
Voice over broadband
(VoB), i.e. international
private lease circuits.
2)
Voice over digital subscriber loop
(
DSL
).
3) Voice over
Wireless Local Area Network
(
WLAN
).
4) IP telephony or voice over
IP-based networks
.
(
3
) VoIP is also integrated with other services
(
data
,
video
) that are available on the internet.
20
20
(
1
)
A
number
of
presentations
were
given
highlighting
the
Regulatory
and
Technical
aspects
of
voice
over
internet
protocol
(
VoIP
)
at
the
NTC
quarters
.
(
2
)
A
set
of
amendments
was
proposed
to
the
Law
&
Regulation
of
telecom
services
,
to
include
VoIP
,
and
to
be
“
formulated
textually
”
and
put
to
open
&
comprehensive
discussion
.
(
3
)
A
“
public
consultancy
”
was
formulated
and
presented
to
interested
parties
,
post
approval
from
the
NTC
Consultancy
Council
.
(
4
)
Responses
were
received
some
Operators
,
while
others
asked
for
an
extension
of
the
period
.
21
21
5. Documents Currently available are:-
VoIP
Signaling Protocol
,
Regulating telephone calls
over Internet Protocol
Operators’
Responses
.
Public Consultancy
“Regulations of telephone-
call services over Internet
Protocol
”(Arabic/English).
22
22
2 Fixed-phone Operators(
Sudatel
&
CanarTel
).
3 Mobile-telephone Operators(
Zain
,
MTN
,
Sudani
)
2 ISP
(Vision Valley
,
Suddern
)
VoIP is not officially Regulated.
Current policy does not officially ban VOIP in Operators’
core networks.
Permitted in private networks.
Wide-spread gray market.
23
23
Appreciable international traffic volume routed via VOIP.
Telecom sector income (hard cash) drops significantly.
International calls Prices are low compared to legacy
calls, depriving the national economy from sizable hard-
currency revenues.
Presumably will have an affect on NTC reputation in
local, regional and international organizations and
institutions.
24
24
Recommendations
25
25
1
)
Issue
2
types
of
licenses
for
VoIP
Gateways
:-
Intra-gateway
(
I
ndividual-authorization
l
icense
)
,
a
nd
Inter-gateway
(
G
eneral-authorization
l
icense
.
2
)
Intra-gateway
to
be
licensed
only
to
ISP’s
with
proven
record
of
adherence
to
NTC
laws
&
regulations
.
3
)
VoIP
QoS
to
be
specified
in
comparison
with
toll
quality
.
4
)
VoIP
Tariff
to
be
specified
for
both
toll
quality
and
below
toll
quality
.
5
)
All
agreements
between
Operators
&
ISP’s
to
be
under
supervision
of
NTC
.
26
26
1) Terms of Reference(
TOR
) for
General Authorization
and
Individual Authorization
be clearly stated &
immediately issued.
2
)
VoIP
license
should
be
restricted
to
ISP’s
only
.
3)
Intra-gateway
license
should not
be awarded to Mobile
& Fixed phone operators, to ensure government attains
its full share of telecom revenues.
4)
Inter-gateway
license may be awarded to Mobile &
Fixed phone operators, to access international VoIP
gateways via their own networks. This allows their
customers the use of their own devices to make low-
rate VoIP ILD calls.
# Regulating phone calls via Internet protocol (VoIP)
requires concerted, relentless efforts by all stakeholders.
# A few steps to be taken are below:
1.
1
st
B
rain
S
torming
m
eeting
:
(
N
TC
S
taff
)
.
2.
2
nd
B
rain
S
torming
m
eeting
:
(
O
perators
,
I
SP’s
,
…).
3.
Assistance
r
equest
:
(
I
TU
,
A
TU
,
V
oIP
e
xperts
)
.
4
.
VoIP
Regulatory
commission
:
Experts
in
Law
,
Economics
&
Eng
.,
5
.
VoIP
commission
mission
is
as
follows
:
*
Device
a
VoIP
Regulatory
Framework
.
*
Put
clear
rules
for
VoIP
Interconnection
.
*
Recommend
a
globally-proven
Tariff
Model
.
#
Indicators
for
evaluating
“
VoIP
Status
”
must
be
periodically
gathered
,
analyzed
and
recommendations
forwarded
about
them
to
NTC
Directorate
.
28
28
1.
Institute
n
eutral
c
onsortia
f
or
V
oIP
d
evelopment
.
2.
Clearly
d
efine
V
oIP
s
ervice
&
s
ervice
m
odels
.
3.
Measure
t
he
i
mpact
o
f
g
rey
t
raffic
.
4.
Determine
d
esired
m
arket
o
utcome
.
5.
Develop
p
olicy
.
6.
Enforce
p
olicy
.
# IP technology will become the future
network architecture. All proper
measures must be taken for the
benefit of all stakeholders.
29
29
Conclusion
(1)
Regulating the internet, especially
voice
calls
transported via the internet,
# The key regulatory challenges include:-
(2) defining a
minimum criterion
for legal
VoIP for equivalence to traditional voice,
(3) measuring the
financial
and
social
impact of illegal VoIP traffic on licensed
telecoms operators and economies in
general.
Explore the ICT market development and impacts on VoIP in Sudan, along with the country's profile, demographics, and milestones in the telecom sector. Discover key information about Sudan's population, age structure, religions, languages, urbanization rate, and historical milestones in telecommunications from the introduction of telegraph services to the privatization of the telecom sector. Delve into the country's journey in adopting modern technologies and expanding its communication infrastructure.
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Presentation Transcript
Sudanese ICT Market Development Impacts on VoIP: The Sudanese Case
Where is Sudan? North Eastof African (1500 N, 3000 E)
Flag, Emblem, and National Anthem http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:r0gE4MuAoJXBvM:http://www.supportourpeople.com/images/flags/600/sudan_coa_n7058.png Go to fullsize image (We Are the Army of God, the Army of the MotherLand) ------
Sudan Demographics Profile 2012 (2011 est.) 1) Population: 25,946,220. 2) Age structure: (0 14) years = 42.1% (as follows): #(Males= 9,696,726) , (Females=9,286,894). (15 64) years= 55.2% (as follows): # (Males = 12,282,082) , (Females = 12,571,424). 65 years and over = 2.7% (as follows): # (Males = 613,817) , (Females = 596,559)
...Continued Sudan Demographics Religions: * Sunni Muslim, small Christian minority. Languages: *Arabic (official), * English (Second language), * Nubian, Bedawie, Fur Urbanization *Urban population: 40% of total population (2010). *Rate of urbanization: 3.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Telecom Sector Milestones 1859 Telecommunications introduced in Sudan: * First telegraph link between Cairo & Sawaken. 1871 1873 Telegraph line reached Khartoum (Small unit for Post & Telegraph). 1892 - 1903 First Telephone exchange in Sudan (Eldaba & Khartoum). 1910 -1971 Theservice was run byagovernment body known as Posts & Telegraphs (P&T) 1971 - 1978 Telecommunication was separated from the Post service and run asagovernmental Department. 1978 93 Sudan Telecommunications Public Corporation (STPC) formed and operated.
Continued Telecom Sector Milestones(2) April1993: privatization of the telecom sector & the establishment of the Sudan Telecommunications Company(Sudatel), a Fixed wire-line phone service. 1994: Sudatel starts commercial operation. 1996: The first mobile phone system, a GSM license, is awarded to the Sudanese Mobile Telecommunications Company(Mobitel). 1997: Sudan s first ISP(Sudanet) starts commercial operation, with 128Kbps Bandwidth capacity. 1997: Sudan s first GSM system operator, Mobitel, starts commercial operation. 10
Continued Telecom Sector Milestones(3) 2001: Establishment of the National Telecommunications Corporation(NTC), a new regulatory body for telecom. 2003: A second mobile-phone (GSM) license is awarded to Bashair(MTN). 2004 : A second fixed-wireless phone(CDMA) license is awarded to CanarTel. 2005: International gateways are opened for all operators(telecom sector fully deregulated). 2006: A third mobile-phone (CDMA) license is awarded to Sudani, an affiliate of Sudatel. Sudani later on built an GSM network. 11
# Telecom Sector Statistics(Q2, 2012) 1) Mobile phone system Subscribers = 26,370,531. 2) Fixed phone system Subscribers = 467,541. 3) Internet users = 11 millions. 4) Internet Broadband users >= 1 millions. 5) Phone density = 70%. 6) Geographical coverage= 35%. 7) Population coverage= 88%. 12
Subscribers Growth: Fixed & Mobile (Q1,2012) 13,309,486 6,349,356 6,426,493 314,959 160,469 26,560,763 (Q2, 2012) 12,611,642 6,920,560 6,838,329 330,725 136,816 26,838,072 Zain(Mobile) MTN(Mobile) Sudani(Mobile) Canar( Fixed Wireless) Thabit(Fixed Wireline) Total Fixed & Mobile Subscribers (2012) 14,000,000 12,000,000 12,611,642 13,309,486 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,838,329 6,426,493 6,920,560 6,349,356 6,000,000 330,725 314,959 136,816 160,469 4,000,000 2,000,000 0 Zain(Mobile) MTN(Mobile) Sudani(Mobile) Canar( Fixed Wireless) Thabit(Fixed Wireline) (Q1,2012) (Q2, 2012)
Telecom Operators' Market Share:- Coverage: Geographic coverage:35% Population coverage:88% Coverage: Geographic coverage: 31% Technology: CDMA 1x EV-DO Technology: GPSR, HSPA Subscribers: 6,975,145 Subscribers: 12,697,024 Coverage: Geographic coverage:33% Population coverage:28% Coverage: Geographic coverage:8.5% Population coverage:55.1% Technology: WLL CDMA Technology: GSM / UMTS Subscribers: 314,976 26,956,164 Subscribers: 6,969,019 Total Subscribers: Total Subscribers: 26,956,164
Traffic(Q1 & Q2, 2012):- Item/Period Local Traffic(Off net) International Incoming traffic (Q1,2012) 849,641,316 365,732,201 (Q2, 2012) 843,185,127 453,662,775 International Outgoing traffic 164,280,214 205,908,763 Total(minutes) 1,379,653,731 1,502,756,665 Traffic(2012) in minutes 900,000,000 800,000,000 843,185,127 849,641,316 205,908,763 700,000,000 600,000,000 164,280,214 500,000,000 453,662,775 365,732,201 400,000,000 300,000,000 200,000,000 100,000,000 0 Local Traffic(Off net) International Incoming traffic (Q1,2012) International Outcoming traffic (Q2, 2012)
# ICT provides numerous benefits & advantages resulting in considerably better: Time, effort & cost utilization &saving, Financial leveraging, Human capacity training, allocation & re- organization, Safety measures standardization, & implementation, and Environment protection & preservation 17
Q. What is VoIP(Voice over internet protocol)? (1) The routing of a voice conversation over the internet or through an IP based network. (2) VoIP Services cover a range of services: 1) Voice over broadband (VoB), i.e. international private lease circuits. 2) Voice over digital subscriber loop (DSL). 3) Voice over Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). 4) IP telephony or voice over IP-based networks. (3) VoIP is also integrated with other services ( data, video) that are available on the internet. 19
VoIP Regulation Status: the Sudan (1) A number of presentations were given highlighting the Regulatory and Technical aspects of voice over internet protocol(VoIP) at the NTC quarters. (2)A set of amendments was proposed to the Law & Regulation of telecom services , to include VoIP , and to be formulated textually and put to open & comprehensive discussion . (3)A public consultancy was formulated and presented to interested parties, post approval from the NTC Consultancy Council. (4) Responses were received some Operators, while others asked for an extension of the period. 20
Continued VoIP Regulation Status: the Sudan 5. Documents Currently available are:- VoIP Signaling Protocol, Regulating telephone calls over Internet Protocol Public Consultancy Regulations of telephone- call services over Internet Protocol (Arabic/English). Operators Responses. 21
Telecom Sector Overview 1) Operators & ISP s:- 2 Fixed-phone Operators(Sudatel &CanarTel). 3 Mobile-telephone Operators(Zain, MTN, Sudani) 2 ISP(Vision Valley, Suddern) 2) VoIP Status:- VoIP is not officially Regulated. Current policy does not officially ban VOIP in Operators core networks. Permitted in private networks. Wide-spread gray market. 22
Telecom Sector Overview 1) Problem of Grey Market:- Appreciable international traffic volume routed via VOIP. Telecom sector income (hard cash) drops significantly. International calls Prices are low compared to legacy calls, depriving the national economy from sizable hard- currency revenues. Presumably will have an affect on NTC reputation in local, regional and international organizations and institutions. 23
VoIP Policy/regulation for Sudan # The Proposal:- 1) Issue 2 types of licenses for VoIP Gateways:- Intra-gateway(Individual-authorization license), and Inter-gateway(General-authorization license. 2) Intra-gateway to be licensed only to ISP s with proven record of adherence to NTC laws & regulations. 3) VoIP QoS to be specified in comparison with toll quality. 4) VoIP Tariff to be specified for both toll quality and below toll quality. 5) All agreements between Operators & ISP s to be under supervision of NTC. 25
ContinuedVoIP Policy/regulation for Sudan:- # Recommendations:- 1) Terms of Reference(TOR) for General Authorization and Individual Authorization be clearly stated & immediately issued. 2) VoIP license should be restricted to ISP s only. 3) Intra-gateway license should not be awarded to Mobile & Fixed phone operators, to ensure government attains its full share of telecom revenues. 4) Inter-gateway license may be awarded to Mobile & Fixed phone operators, to access international VoIP gateways via their own networks. This allows their customers the use of their own devices to make low- rate VoIP ILD calls. 26
Actions to be Taken: # Regulating phone calls via Internet protocol (VoIP) requires concerted, relentless efforts by all stakeholders. # A few steps to be taken are below: 1. 1stBrain Storming meeting:(NTC Staff). 2. 2ndBrain Storming meeting :(Operators, ISP s, ). 3. Assistance request: (ITU, ATU,VoIP experts). 4. VoIP Regulatory commission: Experts in Law, Economics& Eng., 5.VoIP commission mission is as follows: * Device a VoIP Regulatory Framework. * Put clear rules for VoIP Interconnection. * Recommend a globally-proven Tariff Model. # Indicators for evaluating VoIP Status must be periodically gathered, analyzed and recommendations forwarded about them to NTC Directorate.
Actions to be Taken: 1. Institute neutral consortia for VoIP development. 2. Clearly define VoIP service & service models. 3. Measure the impact of grey traffic. 4. Determine desired market outcome. 5. Develop policy. 6. Enforce policy. # IP technology will become the future network architecture. All proper measures must be taken for the benefit of all stakeholders. 28
Conclusion 29
# The key regulatory challenges include:- (1)Regulating the internet, especially voice calls transported via the internet, (2) defining a minimum criterion for legal VoIP for equivalence to traditional voice, (3) measuring the financial and social impact of illegal VoIP traffic on licensed telecoms operators and economies in general.
