Motion: Speed vs. Velocity in Physics
Review
Review
Choose A = Speed
Choose A = Speed
B = Velocity
B = Velocity
•
Magnitude and direction
•
Scalar
•
Vector
•
Magnitude only
What is a motion map?
•
A motion map represents
the position,
velocity, and acceleration of an object at
various clock readings.
•
Represents
position and velocity only.
•
It’s like
taking a snapshot photo of a
moving object.
•
Each image reveals the position of the
object at
one-second intervals.
Review
How fast an object
changes
is its
velocity
velocity
.
Three ways for Acceleration to occur:
1. Object
1. Object
Speeds up
Speeds up
,
,
+
+
acceleration)
acceleration)
2. Object
2. Object
Slows down
Slows down
,
,
-
-
acceleration)
acceleration)
3. Object
3. Object
Changes direction
Changes direction
Is the slope of a velocity vs. time graph
The unit for acceleration is calculated
by dividing the unit for velocity (m/s)
by the unit for time (s)
You get
m/s
/
s
, we write m/s
2
we say meters per second squared
A force that pulls us
downward
downward
toward the
center of the Earth.
Falling objects accelerate
Falling objects accelerate
DOWNWARD
DOWNWARD
at the rate of
at the rate of
gravity, or
gravity, or
9.8 m/s
9.8 m/s
2
2
.
.
In distance vs. time graphs, acceleration is
In distance vs. time graphs, acceleration is
displayed with a
displayed with a
curve
curve
, because it is
, because it is
gradual
gradual
.
.
+ or –acceleration?
+ or - acceleration
D
D
t
t
Practice Problems
Practice Problems
B. What is the acceleration of a bus
B. What is the acceleration of a bus
that increases its speed by 14m/s in
that increases its speed by 14m/s in
4 seconds?
4 seconds?
A. If an object starts from rest and
A. If an object starts from rest and
accelerates to 60 m/s in 10 seconds,
accelerates to 60 m/s in 10 seconds,
what was the acceleration?
what was the acceleration?
Practice Problems
Practice Problems
C. A biker starting from rest reaches a
C. A biker starting from rest reaches a
final speed of 3.0 m/s in 3 seconds.
final speed of 3.0 m/s in 3 seconds.
What is the acceleration of the biker?
What is the acceleration of the biker?
D. The fastest land mammal, the
D. The fastest land mammal, the
cheetah, can accelerate at a rate of 30
cheetah, can accelerate at a rate of 30
m/s/s. How fast will the cheetah be
m/s/s. How fast will the cheetah be
going after 2 seconds if the cheetah
going after 2 seconds if the cheetah
started from rest?
started from rest?
E. A rocket ship is traveling at 18,000 m/s
when it turns on its rocket thrusters. After
50 seconds the space ship has reached a
speed of 28,000 m/s. What is the ship’s
acceleration?
F. A roller coaster has a velocity of 40 mi/hr
at the bottom of the hill. It slows to a
velocity of 12 mi/hr during the 7 seconds it
takes to reach the top of the next hill. What
is its acceleration?
Practice Problems
Practice Problems
Differences between speed and velocity in physics, focusing on magnitude and direction. Learn about motion maps, acceleration, forces at play, and practice problems to enhance your understanding of these important concepts in physics.
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Presentation Transcript
Review Choose A = Speed B = Velocity Magnitude and direction Scalar Vector Magnitude only
What is a motion map? A motion map represents the position, velocity, and acceleration of an object at various clock readings. Represents position and velocity only. It s like taking a snapshot photo of a moving object. Each image reveals the position of the object at one-second intervals.
How fast an object changes is its velocity. Three ways for Acceleration to occur: 1. Object Speeds up , + acceleration) 2. Object Slows down, - acceleration) 3. Object Changes direction Is the slope of a velocity vs. time graph
Vf - Vi time The unit for acceleration is calculated by dividing the unit for velocity (m/s) by the unit for time (s) You get m/s/s , we write m/s2 we say meters per second squared
A force that pulls us downward toward the center of the Earth. Falling objects accelerate DOWNWARD at the rate of gravity, or 9.8 m/s2.
In distance vs. time graphs, acceleration is displayed with a curve, because it is gradual. D D t t + or - acceleration + or acceleration?
Practice Problems A. If an object starts from rest and accelerates to 60 m/s in 10 seconds, what was the acceleration? B. What is the acceleration of a bus that increases its speed by 14m/s in 4 seconds?
Practice Problems C. A biker starting from rest reaches a final speed of 3.0 m/s in 3 seconds. What is the acceleration of the biker? D. The fastest land mammal, the cheetah, can accelerate at a rate of 30 m/s/s. How fast will the cheetah be going after 2 seconds if the cheetah started from rest?
Practice Problems E. A rocket ship is traveling at 18,000 m/s when it turns on its rocket thrusters. After 50 seconds the space ship has reached a speed of 28,000 m/s. What is the ship s acceleration? F. A roller coaster has a velocity of 40 mi/hr at the bottom of the hill. It slows to a velocity of 12 mi/hr during the 7 seconds it takes to reach the top of the next hill. What is its acceleration?
