Molecular Biology Concepts Overview
Bellwork
•
Copy and complete the following Venn Diagram
Replication
Transcription
October 22 Bellwork
:
Copy the paragraph on a sheet of paper and fill in
the blanks using these words:
transcription, uracil, nucleus, DNA, RNA, U, ribose.
______________ is the process in which ____ is
used to make ______. This process occurs in
the ________ of the cell. RNA contains the
nitrogen base ________, also referred to as
___. RNA contains the sugar _______.
Bellwork: October 23
Write the paragraph below and fill in the blanks using
the following words:
identical, DNA, RNA, Replication, Transcription, protein,
Central Dogma
The ________ _______ states that _____ makes
RNA, which then makes _______. ____________
is the process that uses DNA to make an ________
copy of DNA. ______________ is the process in
which DNA is used to make _______.
Science Fact of the Day
•
The largest octopus is the
Enteroctopus dofleini
,
also known as the
giant Pacific octopus
or
North
Pacific giant octopus.
It has a 16 ft arm span and
weighs about 110 pounds.
CO:
I will understand and explain
the process and purpose of
translation.
LO:
I will write notes about
translation. I will play a BINGO
using a codon chart.
Central Dogma
DNA
Nucleus
Ribosome
Translation
Transcription
Protein
RNA
Copy and label the:
Transcription Review and
Translation Intro.
Remember our analogy from yesterday….
DNA = master copy of building plans
RNA= blueprint for one room of building
Protein= actual bricks that make up the building
Nucleus = boss’ office
Ribosome = assembly line (where the bricks are
laid and a wall is built)
•
The decoding of an
mRNA message
into a polypeptide
chain is known as
translation
.
•
Proteins are
assembled on a
ribosome
–
OUTSIDE of the
nucleus (in the
cytoplasm)
Steps of Translation (Overview)
1.
mRNA travels to the ribosome
2.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings the right amino
acid to the ribosome
3.
A polypeptide (protein) is formed
How does tRNA “know” what
amino acid to bring?
The genetic code (mRNA) is read
three
bases at a time.
Each three-letter “word” is known
as a
codon
.
tRNA “looks” for the codon that
pairs with its 3 nucleotide
sequence (called an anticodon).
When it connects the ribosome
attaches the amino acid that
tRNA was carrying to the
polypeptide chain
ORDER MATTERS!
Order of DNA bases
order of RNA bases
order of amino acids
what protein is made
tRNA
mRNA
Amino
acid
How to use the Codon Chart:
1.
Use the left side to find
the first letter in the
codon
2.
Use the top to find the
second letter in the
codon
3.
Use the right side to find
the third letter of the
codon
4.
Go to where ALL three
overlap on the chart
How to use the Codon Wheel:
1.
Begin in the middle
with the first letter of
the codon
2.
Go outward to the
second letter in the
codon
3.
Go outward again to
the third letter in the
codon.
Did you notice?: The codon “
AUG
” can specify
methionine
or serve as the “
start
” codon for protein synthesis.
What codon will tell the ribosome to quit putting
amino acids together? What letters code for this?
Codon Bingo!
Directions For Playing:
If a
codon
(example: AAG) is called
out, you must find the amino acid.
If an
amino acid
(example: serine) is
called out, you must find the codon.
Hint! When finding a codon, there
may be
more
than one answer…you
can count
all
possible answers on
your card!
Explore key concepts in molecular biology including DNA replication, transcription, translation, and the central dogma. Understand the roles of DNA, RNA, ribosomes, and proteins in genetic processes. Visual aids and analogies help simplify complex processes such as the decoding of mRNA messages and protein assembly. Dive into the fascinating world of genetics with informative content designed to enhance your understanding.
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Presentation Transcript
Bellwork Copy and complete the following Venn Diagram Replication Transcription
October 22 Bellwork: Copy the paragraph on a sheet of paper and fill in the blanks using these words: transcription, uracil, nucleus, DNA, RNA, U, ribose. ______________ is the process in which ____ is used to make ______. This process occurs in the ________ of the cell. RNA contains the nitrogen base ________, also referred to as ___. RNA contains the sugar _______.
Bellwork: October 23 Write the paragraph below and fill in the blanks using the following words: identical, DNA, RNA, Replication, Transcription, protein, Central Dogma The ________ _______ states that _____ makes RNA, which then makes _______. ____________ is the process that uses DNA to make an ________ copy of DNA. ______________ is the process in which DNA is used to make _______.
Science Fact of the Day The largest octopus is the Enteroctopus dofleini, also known as the giant Pacific octopus or North Pacific giant octopus. It has a 16 ft arm span and weighs about 110 pounds.
CO: I will understand and explain the process and purpose of translation. LO: I will write notes about translation. I will play a BINGO using a codon chart.
Copy and label the: Central Dogma DNA RNA Protein Transcription Translation Ribosome Nucleus
Transcription Review and Translation Intro.
Remember our analogy from yesterday. DNA = master copy of building plans RNA= blueprint for one room of building Protein= actual bricks that make up the building Nucleus = boss office Ribosome = assembly line (where the bricks are laid and a wall is built)
The decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide chain is known as translation. Proteins are assembled on a ribosome OUTSIDE of the nucleus (in the cytoplasm)
Steps of Translation (Overview) 1. mRNA travels to the ribosome 2. Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings the right amino acid to the ribosome 3. A polypeptide (protein) is formed
How does tRNA know what amino acid to bring?
The genetic code (mRNA) is read three bases at a time. Each three-letter word is known as a codon. tRNA looks for the codon that pairs with its 3 nucleotide sequence (called an anticodon). When it connects the ribosome attaches the amino acid that tRNA was carrying to the polypeptide chain
ORDER MATTERS! Order of DNA bases order of RNA bases order of amino acids what protein is made tRNA Amino acid mRNA
How to use the Codon Chart: 1. Use the left side to find the first letter in the codon 2. Use the top to find the second letter in the codon 3. Use the right side to find the third letter of the codon 4. Go to where ALL three overlap on the chart
How to use the Codon Wheel: 1. Begin in the middle with the first letter of the codon 2. Go outward to the second letter in the codon 3. Go outward again to the third letter in the codon.
Did you notice?: The codon AUG can specify methionine or serve as the start codon for protein synthesis.
What codon will tell the ribosome to quit putting amino acids together? What letters code for this?
Codon Bingo! Directions For Playing: If a codon (example: AAG) is called out, you must find the amino acid. If an amino acid (example: serine) is called out, you must find the codon. Hint! When finding a codon, there may be morethan one answer you can count all possible answers on your card!
