Methyl Bromide Usage Recommendations and Reporting Summary

The Methyl Bromide Technical Options Committee (MBTOC) provides final recommendations on the usage of methyl bromide for different sectors and countries based on reported stocks and proposed quantities for various commodities. The recommendations emphasize the importance of justifying the critical need for methyl bromide usage in sectors where viable alternatives are not yet effective on a commercial scale. Parties are reminded to report on stocks when applying for future Critical Use Nominations (CUNs). The report also highlights interim recommendations and promising alternatives identified through research for specific sectors like US Dry Cure Pork and soil uses in various countries.

• MBTOC
• Methyl Bromide
• Recommendations
• Critical Use Nominations

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1. Methyl Bromide CUE: Final Recommendations MBTOC Cochairs: Mohammed Besri Marta Pizano Ian Porter M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l 26th MOP, 17-21 November 2 0 14, Paris

2. MB Usage in Non-A5 and A5 Parties 60,000 50,000 Baseline non-A5 Methyl Bromide (mt) 40,000 Baseline A 5 30,000 Consumption non-A5 Consumption A5 20,000 10,000 0 Year

3. Reporting of Stocks (Dec IX/6 1,bii) MB stocks (t) reported at end of: 2005 0 3.7 48.1 10,417.0 10,592.7 2013 0 1.4 0.3 357.0 Australia Canada Japan USA Total 358.7 CUE recommendations are not adjusted to account for stocks A5 Parties need to be aware that they need to report on stocks if applying for future CUNs 3

4. Issues MBTOC refers to Decision IX/6, whereby a use of methyl bromide should qualify as "critical" only if there are no technically and economically feasible alternatives (or substitutes) available to the user, or suitable to the crops and circumstances of the nomination. This requires Parties to provide technical data to justify the lack of effectiveness of key alternatives in a particular sector. This is particularly important as new CUNs from A5 sectors generally report target pathogens which are generally similar to those in non A5 sectors. M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l 26th MOP, 17-21 November 2 0 14, Paris

5. Final CUE Recommendation for MB use (tonnes) for Commodities - US Dry Cure Pork in 2016 Sector CUN Request for 2016 3.240 t Final Recommendation for 2016 (tonnes) 3.240 t US Dry Cure Pork No change to the interim recommendation Research has identified several promising chemical and non chemical alternatives (phosphine, insecticides and sulfuryl fluoride with heat), but Party has justified that these are not yet effective on a commercial scale.

6. Final CUE Recommendations for Soil Uses of MB (t) Country and Sector Article 5 Parties Nomination for 2015 Non A5 Parties Nomination for 2016 Interim Rec. for 2015 Interim Rec. for 2016 Australia Strawberry runners Canada Strawberry runners USA Strawberry fruit Argentina Tomato and pepper Strawberry fruit China Ginger, open field Ginger, protected Mexico Strawberry runners Raspberry runners 29.760 [29.760] 5.261 [5.261] [231.540] 231.540 145 100 [0] [0] 90 30 [90] [24] 70 70 [43.539] [41.418] TOTAL 505 [198.957] 266.561 [266.561]

7. Final CUE Recommendation for MB use (tonnes) in 2016 for Australian Strawberry Runners Sector CUN for 2015 29.760 t Final Recommendation for 2016 29.760 t Strawberry runners MBTOC Final Assessment for 2016 No change to the interim recommendation No technical alternatives available for bulking stages of runner multiplication in soil. Party substantiated that substrates were not economically feasible. The Party provided an update of the active research program during the 34th OEWG, and is required to provide an update to the 36th OEWG.

8. Final CUE Recommendation for MB use (tonnes) in 2016 for Canadian Strawberry Runners Sector CUN for 2015 5.261 t Final Recommendation for 2016 5.261 t Strawberry runners MBTOC Final Assessment for 2016 No change to the interim recommendation Micropropagated plants have been adopted to replace MB for early multiplication stages and the Party has substantiated that substrate technology is not economically feasible for the final stages of multiplication. MBTOC is unclear whether important groundwater studies will proceed at Prince Edward Island and remind the Party that an update is required for the 36th OEWG as per Dec XXV/4.

9. Final CUE Recommendation for MB use (tonnes) in 2016 for US Strawberry fruit Sector CUN for 2015 231.540 t Final Recommendation for 2016 231.540 t Strawberry Fruit MBTOC Final Assessment for 2016: US Strawberry Fruit No change to the interim recommendation 3000 Methyl bromide (metric tonnes) 2500 2000 The Party has indicated that even though restrictions have affected uptake of key alternatives, this is the final nomination for this sector. 1500 1000 500 0 200 5 200 6 200 7 200 8 200 9 201 0 201 1 201 2 201 3 201 4 201 5 201 6 CUN 2469 1918 1734 1605 1337 1103 1023 754 532 415 374 232 CUE 2053 1731 1476 1350 1269 1007 813 678 415 415 374

10. Final CUE Recommendation for MB use (tonnes) in 2015 for Argentina Sector CUN for 2015 145 100 Final Recommendation for 2015 0 0 Tomato and pepper Strawberry fruit MBTOC Final Assessment for 2015: Despite new information provided after the OEWG, the submission did not provide suitable specific data that supported the ineffectiveness of alternatives registered and available in Argentina, and thus the need for methyl bromide was not supported as per Decision IX/6. Specific data from within Argentina is particularly important as these sectors have effective alternatives in many other countries and no other CUN requests exist.

11. Final CUE Recommendation for MB use (tonnes) in 2015 for China Sector CUN for 2015 90 Final Recommendation for 2015 Ginger, open field 90 Ginger, protected 30 24 MBTOC Final Assessment for 2015: The Party identified that their situation had unique pathogens and weeds compared to non A5 sectors that have phased out MB (i.e. Japan). Results show chloropicrin is promising. MBTOC maintains the interim recommendation showing a reduction of 6 t for protected ginger crops to align with the dosage rate used for outdoor ginger in China as 40 g/m2 of MB which is considered suitable for control of the target pathogens and weeds.

12. Final CUE Recommendation for MB use (tonnes) in 2015 for Mexico Sector CUN for 2015 70 70 Final Recommendation for 2015 43.539 41.418 Strawberry runners Raspberry runners MBTOC Final Assessment for 2015: After the OEWG, the Party provided additional information showing promising results with key alternatives, but no request was made for reassessment and the Party accepted the interim recommendations. MBTOC notes that trials with alternatives in these sectors only commenced in 2012.