Medical Terminology: Musculoskeletal System & Orthotics

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Delve into the world of medical terminology related to the musculoskeletal system, orthotics, and prosthetics. Explore prefixes, suffixes, roots/stems for bones, joints, muscles, and nerves. Enhance your understanding through self-assessments and additional learning resources provided in this educational presentation.

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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY UNDERSTANDING MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM SPECIAL ORTHOTICS AND PROSTHETICS SECTION To take full advantage of the learning opportunities presented in this resource, Internet access is recommended. Also, view the presentation in Slide Show mode. Click on the Slide Show tab in your Microsoft PowerPoint tool bar, then click on the From the Beginning tab. As an alternative, you may press the F5 key as a shortcut to begin the presentation.

HOPE CAREERS CONSORTIUM HOPE Careers Consortium is a partnership of five institutions of higher education that is building exciting new programs that will provide valuable career education and training in the Orthotics, Prosthetics, and Pedorthics (O&P) sector. The five institutions are: Baker College Flint, Michigan Century College White Bear Lake, Minnesota Oklahoma State University Institute of Technology Okmulgee, Oklahoma Spokane Falls Community College Spokane, Washington St. Petersburg College St. Petersburg, Florida The length of time it will take a learner to complete this self-study resource depends greatly on the learner s style and pace of learning as well as his / her current understanding of the subject matter. However, an estimate has been made that a learner could thoroughly read and review this material, as well as participate in all self-assessment opportunities, in approximately four hours.

COURSE CONTENT This course is divided into four key sections: Commonly Used Prefixes; Commonly Used Suffixes; Commonly Used Roots / Stems: Roots / Stems: Bones; Roots / Stems: Joints; Roots / Stems: Muscles; Roots / Stems: Nerves; and Orthotic and Prosthetic Terms. Self-assessments are provided throughout. Additional learning resources are provided at the conclusion of the course.

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Understanding Medical Terminology Related to the Musculoskeletal System: Special Orthotics and Prosthetics Section The terminology features a specialized language used by health care professionals. Most words have a Greek or Latin origin. Words are easier to understand by dividing them into three parts: Prefix added to the beginning of a word to modify the central meaning; Suffix added to the end of a word to modify the central meaning; and Root / Stem basic or core part of the word that holds the central meaning. NAVIGATION, FEATURES, and OPTIONS At the conclusion of each section (Prefix, Suffix, Root/Stem, and Orthotic and Prosthetic Terms), two options for self-assessment are provided. The first option is available on Quizlet. Quizlet is a fun and easy online learning resource featuring STUDY tools and PLAY tools. Visit this site to further your understanding of the medical terminology presented here. The second option is to take the self-assessment that follows each section. The Review section at the end of this presentation features a self-assessment comprised of multiple- choice questions and includes content from all sections, providing an additional way to test and apply your knowledge. The Review section also includes links to additional learning resources specifically, interactive and visual dictionaries. These resources can enhance the way you learn medical terminology. This Open Educational Resource (OER) seeks to foster an analytical attitude in the learner. As you review the various categories presented, become aware of the structural design of the words. Notice the recurrence of common prefixes, suffixes, and roots / stems. Upon successful completion of this Open Educational Resource presentation, you will be able to: Define the meaning of prefixes, suffixes, and roots/stems used in words that describe the musculoskeletal system; Analyze medical terms in the musculoskeletal system by their component parts roots, suffixes, and prefixes; and Define commonly used orthotic and prosthetic terms.

COMMONLY USED PREFIXES PREFIX, ROOT/STEM, SUFFIX. The Prefix section is divided into the following categories: Prefixes indicating number, size, and magnitude; Prefixes with a negative meaning; Prefixes indicating location and direction; and Prefixes that don t fall into the above categories but are commonly used in medical terminology. For enhanced learning, each category provides the prefix and its meaning as well as a sample word and its definition.

PREFIXES INDICATING NUMBER, SIZE, AND MAGNITUDE Prefix: HYPER. Prefix Meanings: Too many, excessive. Sample Word and Definition: Hyperactivity: Excessive activity. Prefix: UNI. Prefix Meaning: One. Sample Word and Definition: Uniarticular: Pertaining to one joint. Prefix: HYPO. Prefix: MONO. Prefix Meanings: Less, deficient. Sample Word and Definition: Hypoplastic: Deficient development. Prefix Meaning: One. Sample Word and Definition: Monoplegia: Paralysis of one part. Prefix: MACRO. Prefix: BI. Prefix Meanings: Large, excessively large or big. Sample Word and Definition: Macrocephalic: Abnormal largeness of the head. Prefix Meaning: Two. Sample Word and Definition: Biceps: A muscle with two heads. Prefix: TRI. Prefix: MICRO. Prefix Meaning: Three. Sample Word and Definition: Triceps: A muscle with three heads. Prefix Meanings: Small, abnormally small. Sample Word and Definition: Microcephalic: Abnormal smallness of the head. Prefix: QUADRI. Prefix Meaning: Four. Sample Word and Definition: Quadriceps: A muscle with four heads. Prefix: HEMI. Prefix Meaning: Half. Sample Word and Definition: Hemiplegia: Paralysis affecting only one side of the body.

PREFIXES INDICATING A NEGATIVE MEANING Prefixes: A and AN. Prefixes: IM and IN. Prefix Meaning: Not. Prefix Meaning: Without. Sample Words and Definitions: Immobility: Not movable; Infirm: Not strong. Sample Words and Definitions: Atrophy: Without nutrition; Anesthesia: Without sensation.

PREFIXES INDICATING LOCATION AND DIRECTION Prefixes: EXTRA, EXO, and EX. Prefixes: PERI and CIRCUM. Prefix Meanings: Outside, beyond the scope, in addition, out from. Sample Words and Definitions: Extraarticular: Outside of a joint; Exoskeleton: Hard, protective structure formed on the outside of the body of many animals; Exostosis: An outgrowth of cartilaginous tissue on a bone. Prefix Meaning: Around. Sample Words and Definitions: Periosteum: A fibrous vascular membrane that covers bones; Circumduction: Circular movement of a limb or of the eye. Prefix: AB. Prefix Meanings: From, away from. Sample Word and Definition: Abductor muscle: Any muscle used to pull a body part away from the midline of the body. Prefixes: ENDO and INTRA. Prefix Meanings: Within, inner, absorbing, containing. Sample Words and Definitions: Endoskeleton: Inner skeleton; Endoscope: Implement used in minimally invasive surgery; Intramedullary: Within the bone marrow, the spinal cord, the medulla oblongata. Prefix: AD. Prefix Meanings: To, near, toward. Sample Word and Definition: Adduction: Movement of a body part toward midline. Prefix: INTER. Prefix: TRANS. Prefix Meaning: Between. Sample Word and Definition: Intertrochanteric: Between the greater and lesser trochanters of the femur. Prefix Meaning: Across. Sample Word and Definition: Transplant: Move or transfer something to another place.

PREFIXES INDICATING LOCATION AND DIRECTION, continued Prefixes: DIA, DI, and DIS. Prefixes: INFRA and SUB. Prefix Meaning: Apart from. Sample Words and Definitions: Diastasis: Separation of adjacent bones without fracture; Disarticulation: Separation of two bones at their joint. Prefix Meaning: Under. Sample Words and Definitions: Infrapatellar: Below or beneath the patella; Subtalar: Situated or occurring beneath the talus. Prefixes: SYM and SYN. Prefix: RE. Prefix Meanings: With, together. Sample Words and Definitions: Symphysis: A growing together of parts or structures; Synostosis: A fusion of two bones without fracture. Prefix Meanings: Back, backward, again, contrary. Sample Word and Definition: Recurvatum: To bend back; backward thrust or bending; for example, of the knee caused by weakness of the quadriceps or a joint disorder. Prefixes: IM and IN. Prefix: SUPRA. Prefix Meaning: In. Sample Words and Definitions: Impacted: Pressed firmly together; Injection: Forcing a liquid into a part. Prefix Meaning: Above. Sample Word and Definition: Supraspinous: Above any spine, especially above one or more of the vertebral spines. Prefix: PARA. Prefix Meaning: Beside. Sample Word and Definition: Paravertebral: Beside the vertebral column.

PREFIXES MISCELLANEOUS Prefix: IDIO. Prefix: PSEUDO. Prefix Meaning: One s own. Sample Word and Definition: Idiopathic: Any disease or condition that is of uncertain or unknown origin. Prefix Meaning: False. Sample Word and Definition: Pseudoarthrosis: A new, false joint arising at the site of an un-united fracture. Prefix: ISO. Prefix: EPI. Prefix Meaning: Equal. Sample Word and Definition: Isometric: Having equal dimensions. Prefix Meaning: Upon. Sample Word and Definition: Epicondyle: A rounded projection at the end of a bone, located on or above a condyle; usually serving as a place of attachment for ligaments and tendons. Prefix: HYDRO. Prefix Meaning: Water. Sample Word and Definition: Hydrocephalic: Enlargement of the skull and compression of the brain due to abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid. Prefix: NEO. Prefix Meaning: New. Sample Word and Definition: Neoplasm: New formation (growth). Prefix: ORTHO. Prefix: PAN. Prefix Meaning: Straight. Sample Word and Definition: Orthopedist: Branch of medicine that deals with the prevention or correction of injuries or disorders of the skeletal system and associated muscles, joints, and ligaments. Prefix Meaning: All. Sample Word and Definition: Pantalar fusion: A fusion of all the joints to which the talus contributes. Prefix: MORPHO. Prefix Meaning: Form. Sample Word and Definition: Morphology: The study of biological forms.

PREFIXES SELF-ASSESSMENT OPTIONS You have two options for self-assessment: Visit Quizlet to test your knowledge of medical terminology prefixes or take the multiple-choice quiz that follows. QUIZLET: Click on the following link: Link to Quizlet: Medical Terminology Prefixes. Once on the site, click on Test Your Knowledge: Medical Terminology Prefixes. You will see a list of prefixes and their associated meanings. Give the list a quick review. Choose any or all of the Study tools and Play tools listed at the top of the page. Test your knowledge in multiple ways, including flashcards, formal tests, spelling, and timed games. Note: With the test option, you can re-format in multiple ways and take as many times as you like. When finished, return to this presentation for more medical terminology information. QUIZ: Use the following quiz to test and apply your knowledge. Read the prefix provided and determine its correct meaning. Proceed to the next slide for the correct answer. This self-assessment consists of 15 questions.

Review Question 1 The prefix INFRA means: A. Under. B. Not. C. Form. D. Four.

Answer Question 1 The prefix INFRA means: The answer is A : Under.

Review Question 2 The prefix INTER means: A. Under. B. Above. C. Between. D. False.

Answer Question 2 The prefix INTER means: The answer is C : Between.

Review Question 3 The prefix HYPER means: A. Above. B. To, near, toward. C. With, together. D. Too many, excessive.

Answer Question 3 The prefix HYPER means: The answer is D : Too many, excessive.

Review Question 4 The prefix DIA means: A. Apart from. B. Not. C. Form. D. Under.

Answer Question 4 The prefix DIA means: The answer is A : Apart from.

Review Question 5 The prefix HYPO means: A. Less, deficient. B. Straight. C. Between. D. With, together.

Answer Question 5 The prefix HYPO means: The answer is A : Less, deficient.

Review Question 6 The prefix IM means: A. Form. B. Four. C. Not. D. All.

Answer Question 6 The prefix IM means: The answer is C : Not.

Review Question 7 The prefix PSEUDO means: A. False. B. All. C. Four. D. Above.

Answer Question 7 The prefix PSEUDO means: The answer is A : False.

Review Question 8 The prefix SYM means: A. Between. B. With, together. C. Four. D. Straight.

Answer Question 8 The prefix SYM means: The answer is B : With, together.

Review Question 9 The prefix AD means: A. To, near, toward. B. With, together. C. Between. D. Apart from.

Answer Question 9 The prefix AD means: The answer is A : To, near, toward.

Review Question 10 The prefix ORTHO means: A. Not. B. All. C. Form. D. Straight.

Answer Question 10 The prefix ORTHO means: The answer is D : Straight.

Review Question 11 The prefix PAN means: A. All. B. Not. C. False. D. Four.

Answer Question 11 The prefix PAN means: The answer is A : All.

Review Question 12 The prefix ENDO means: A. With, together. B. Less, deficient. C. Within, inner, absorbing, containing. D. To, near, toward.

Answer Question 12 The prefix ENDO means: The answer is C : Within, inner, absorbing, containing.

Review Question 13 The prefix SUPRA means: A. Above. B. All. C. Not. D. Four.

Answer Question 13 The prefix SUPRA means: The answer is A : Above.

Review Question 14 The prefix MORPHO means: A. Above. B. Four. C. Form. D. Not.

Answer Question 14 The prefix MORPHO means: The answer is C : Form.

Review Question 15 The prefix QUADRI means: A. Above. B. Not. C. Four. D. Form.

Answer Question 15 The prefix QUADRI means: The answer is C : Four. This concludes the Prefixes Self-Assessment.

COMMONLY USED SUFFIXES PREFIX, ROOT/STEM, SUFFIX. This section features suffixes commonly used in medical terminology. Unlike the prefix section, the suffix section is not divided into categories. For enhanced learning, the suffix and its meaning is provided, along with a sample word and its definition.

COMMONLY USED SUFFIXES, continued Suffixes: ABLE and IBLE. Suffixes: EAL, EOUS, OSE, and OUS. Suffix Meaning: Of that kind. Sample Words and Definitions: Osteal: Of the nature or quality of bone; Osseous: Consisting of or resembling bone; Adipose: Of a fat-like quality; Cartilaginous: Of the nature of cartilage. Suffix Meanings: Able, capable. Sample Words and Definitions: Viable: Capable of working successfully; Irreversible: Not able to be undone or altered. Suffixes: AL, AC, and IC. Suffix Meanings: Related to, characterized by. Sample Words and Definitions: Crural: Relating to the leg or thigh; Cardiac: Relating to the heart; Osteopathic: A system of medicine based on the theory that disturbances in the musculoskeletal system affect other bodily parts. Suffixes: IA, ID, and ISM. Suffix Meaning: Condition (usually morbid). Sample Words and Definitions: Malacia: The condition of being pathologically soft; Flaccid: The condition of lacking firmness; hanging limply; Mutism: The condition of being mute. Suffix: ITY. Suffix: IZE. Suffix Meaning: Quality. Sample Word and Definition: Porosity: The quality of being porous. Suffix Meaning: Act in a certain way. Sample Word and Definition: Osteotomize: To perform an osteotomy (surgical cutting or removal of a piece of bone).

COMMONLY USED SUFFIXES, continued. Suffixes: IST, OR, and ER. Suffix: ITIS. Suffix Meaning: One who practices, agent. Sample Words and Definitions: Orthopaedist: One who practices orthopaedics; Donor: One who donates; Examiner: One who examines. Suffix Meaning: Inflammation. Sample Word and Definition: Arthritis: Inflammation of a joint. Suffixes: ALGIA and DYNIA. Suffix Meaning: Pain. Sample Words and Definitions: Neuralgia: Nerve pain; Coccydynia: Coccygeal pain. Suffixes: CLE and CULE. Suffix Meaning: Diminutive. Sample Words and Definitions: Tubercle: A little knot or knob; Molecule: A small mass. Suffixes: OSIS and Y. Suffix Meaning: Condition (usually morbid). Sample Words and Definitions: Necrosis: The condition of dying; Apoplexy: The condition of having suffered a stroke. Suffix: OMA. Suffix Meaning: Tumor (new growth). Sample Word and Definition: Osteoma: A bone tumor.

COMMONLY USED SUFFIXES, continued Suffix: LOGY. Suffix: STASIS. Suffix Meaning: Study of. Sample Word and Definition: Pathology: The study of disease. Suffix Meaning: Position. Sample Word and Definition: Metastasis: Change of position. Suffix: PATHY. Suffix: THERAPY. Suffix Meaning: Disease. Sample Word and Definition: Achondropathy: A disease involving cartilage. Suffix Meaning: Treatment. Sample Word and Definition: Radiotherapy: Treatment by radium. Suffix: OTOMY. Suffix: PLASIA. Suffix Meaning: To cut into. Sample Word and Definition: Osteotomy: To cut into a bone. Suffix Meaning: Formation. Sample Word and Definition: Achondroplasia: Without formation of cartilage; a genetic disorder disturbing normal growth of cartilage. Suffix: ECTOMY. Suffix Meaning: To cut out. Sample Word and Definition: Patelliectomy: To cut out the patella (kneecap removal). Suffix: PTOSIS. Suffix Meaning: A falling. Sample Word and Definition: Gastroptosis: A falling or abnormal sagging of the stomach into the lower abdomen.

SUFFIXES SELF-ASSESSMENT OPTIONS You have two options for self-assessment: Visit Quizlet to test your knowledge of medical terminology suffixes or take the multiple-choice quiz that follows. QUIZLET: Click on the following link: Link to Quizlet: Medical Terminology Suffixes. Once on the site, click on Test Your Knowledge: Medical Terminology Suffixes. You will see a list of suffixes and their associated meanings. Give the list a quick review. Choose any or all of the Study tools and Play tools listed at the top of the page. Test your knowledge in multiple ways, including flashcards, formal tests, spelling, and timed games. Note: With the test option, you can re-format in multiple ways and take as many times as you like. When finished, return to this presentation for more medical terminology information. QUIZ: Use the following quiz to test and apply your knowledge. Read the suffix provided and determine its correct meaning. Proceed to the next slide for the correct answer. This self-assessment consists of 10 questions.