Marine Physics and Ocean Floor Features
Marine Physics
Preparation By Instructed
Bushra Majeed Issa
What is meaning of Marine Physics?
Marine Physics
is one of several sub-domains in
oceanography
and it is the study of physical
conditions and physical processes within the
ocean, especially the motions and physical
properties of ocean waters.
Features of the Ocean Floor
Continental shelf
:is the extended perimeter
of each continent and associated coastal plain,
and was part of the continent during the
glacial periods, but is undersea during
interglacial periods.
Continental slope:
the descending slope which
connects the sea floor to the
Continental shelf.
This is still considered to be part of the
Continent.
Continental rise:
a gentle slope with a
generally smooth surface, built up by the
shedding of sediments from the continental
block, and located between the continental
slope and the abyssal plain.
Guyot:
a
guyot also known as a tablemount,
is a flat-topped seamount. Their flatness is due
to erosion by waves, winds, and atmospheric
processes.
Sea Mount:
a seamount is a mountain rising
from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to
the water's surface (sea level), and thus is not
an island. These are typically formed from
extinct volcanoes, that rise abruptly.
Abyssal
hills:
Hills along the ocean floor.
Ranging in height and diameter, these hills are
much larger than the hills we see on land. 100-
2000 meters high and several KM across.
Abyssal plains:
are flat or very gently sloping
areas of the deep ocean basin floor. They
generally lie between the foot of a continental
rise and a mid-oceanic ridge.
Mid-Ocean ridge
: a
mid-ocean ridge is an
underwater mountain range, typically having a
valley known as a rift running along its spine,
formed by plate tectonics. It is usually an
oceanic spreading center, which is responsible
for seafloor spreading.
Trench:
t
he oceanic trenches are hemispheric-
scale (one hemisphere to another) long but
narrow topographic depressions of the sea
floor. They are also the deepest parts of the
ocean floor.
Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the
world's oceans, and the deepest location on
the surface of the Earth's crust. It has a
maximum depth of about 10.911meters, or
11 kilometers.
Oceanic
Island:
o
ne type of oceanic island is
found in a volcanic island arc. These islands
arise from volcanoes where the subduction of
one plate under another is occurring.
Hydrothermal Vents:
hot springs which occur
in the central rift valley, appearance depends
on temperature of water;
-Warm-water vents are below 30
o
C and are clear in color.
-White smokers are between 30
o
C and 350
o
C and are white
in color.
-Black smokers are above 350
o
C and are black in color.
Submarine canyons :
V-shaped valleys that
run across continental shelves and down
continental slopes.
Marine Physics is a sub-domain of oceanography focusing on physical conditions and processes in the ocean, including ocean waters' motions and properties. The ocean floor features various elements like the continental shelf, slope, rise, and abyssal plain. Sea mounts, guyots, abyssal hills, and mid-ocean ridges are also key components of the underwater landscape.
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Presentation Transcript
Marine Physics Preparation By Instructed Bushra Majeed Issa
What is meaning of Marine Physics? Marine Physics is one of several sub-domains in oceanography and it is the study of physical conditions and physical processes within the ocean, especially the motions and physical properties of ocean waters.
Continental shelf :is the extended perimeter of each continent and associated coastal plain, and was part of the continent during the glacial periods, but interglacial periods. is undersea during Continental slope:the descending slope which connects the sea floor to the Continental shelf. This is still considered to be part of the Continent.
Continental rise: a gentle slope with a generally smooth surface, built up by the shedding of sediments from the continental block, and located between the continental slope and the abyssal plain. Guyot: a guyot also known as a tablemount, is a flat-topped seamount. Their flatness is due to erosion by waves, winds, and atmospheric processes. File:Guyot.jpg
Sea Mount: a seamount is a mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface (sea level), and thus is not an island. These are typically formed from extinct volcanoes, that rise abruptly.
Abyssal hills: Hills along the ocean floor. Ranging in height and diameter, these hills are much larger than the hills we see on land. 100- 2000 meters high and several KM across. Abyssal plains: are flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. They generally lie between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-oceanic ridge.
Mid-Ocean ridge: a mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain range, typically having a valley known as a rift running along its spine, formed by plate tectonics. It is usually an oceanic spreading center, which is responsible for seafloor spreading. File:Ridge render.jpg
Trench: the oceanic trenches are hemispheric- scale (one hemisphere to another) long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are also the deepest parts of the ocean floor.
Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans, and the deepest location on the surface of the Earth's crust. It has a maximum depth of about 10.911meters, or 11 kilometers.
Oceanic Island: one type of oceanic island is found in a volcanic island arc. These islands arise from volcanoes where the subduction of one plate under another is occurring. File:Hawai'i.jpg
Hydrothermal Vents: hot springs which occur in the central rift valley, appearance depends on temperature of water; -Warm-water vents are below 30oC and are clear in color. -White smokers are between 30oC and 350oC and are white in color. -Black smokers are above 350oC and are black in color.
Submarine canyons : V-shaped valleys that run across continental shelves and down continental slopes.
