Local Government Structure and Functions in Georgia

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Local
Government
SSGC5: The student will analyze the role of local governments in
the state of Georgia
a.
a. Explain the origins, functions, purposes, and differences of
county ad city governments in Georgia.
b. Compare and contrast the weak mayor-council, the strong
mayor-council, and the council-manager forms of city government.
c. Describe the functions of special-purpose governments.
d. Evaluate the role of local government working with state
agencies to administer state programs.
Counties
Cities
Special Districts
The Three Forms
of Local Governments
Counties
Counties were created
by the state legislature
to serve a districts for
carrying out state laws
and programs.
The county government is led by its
county board of commissioners
Commissioners are elected by county
voters and serve 
4 year terms
County Governments are set up to
complete:
1.
County Policies
2.
Adopt county ordinances (laws)
3.
Determine the county’s budget and tax
rates
4.
Provide county services
The County Governing Body
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1.
The Sheriff
2.
The Tax Commissioner
3.
The Clerk of the Superior Court
4.
The Judge of the Probate Court
County voters also elect:
Paulding County’s Chairman
of the Board: David Austin
The County Commissioners
appoint a county
administrator, county
manager, or a 
Chairman of
the Board 
who will carry out
day-to-day operations of the
government.
City Governments
Cities are established by a
charter from the state
legislature because people living
in that area want certain
services that the county does
not provide such as:
Police protection
Business licenses
Street maintenance
Traffic control
Water and sewer systems
Municipality
-
A city operating
its own
government
Three Types of City Governments
Mayor-Council:
  Divides the power between an
elected city council 
and 
an elected mayor
Council
= 
Passes laws (city’s legislative branch)
Mayor
=
Enforces the laws passed by the council
and has the power of veto (city’s chief executive )
 
Strong-
Mayor-
Council
Weak-
Mayor-
Council
Council-
Manager
System
Three Types of City Government
Strong-Mayor-
Council
Mayor has a
great deal of
power and
influence over
the council
Council-Manager
Council makes laws and
policies
City manager (hired by
council) oversees day-
to-day city operations
and appoints heads of
city departments
Department heads
report to city manager
who reports to council
Weak-Mayor-
Council
Mayor’s powers
are 
very limited
Rarely 
gets
veto power
Mayor is more
of a 
figurehead
City and county governments are 
general-purpose 
forms
of local government meaning they exist for 
many
different reasons
.
Special Purpose
Districts
 The 3
rd
 type of
local government
Set up by the
legislature of a
city or county
ordinance for a
single purpose
There are two types of
Special Purpose
Districts
School
Districts
Special
Districts
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School Districts
State and federal governments provide money and make rules for
public education
Local school districts are in charge of the day-to-day responsibilities
for running the schools
Each school district has is own elected
   school board
 which decides:
what the 
budget
 
should
be.
where the 
schools
should be built.
sets the 
curriculum
.
hires the 
superintendent
to run the schools.
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Special Districts
Special Districts provide a
necessary 
services.
Usually has the power to 
tax.
Run by 
a governing board
which may be 
elected or
appointed.
Provide such services as:
Fire Protection
Ambulance Services
Libraries
Transportation
    (Ex. MARTA)
College Police Departments
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Advantages
Offer efficient way to
respond to an urgent
problem
Can readily borrow
money for its projects
They can charge fees to
users and raise money to
pay back the funds
borrows
Allows local governments
to provide a service
without having to raise
taxes
Disadvantages
Usually don’t receive
any publicity and their
governing boards are
rarely elected which
means they may not
be responsive to
public opinion
If there are too many
of them (each serving
their own purpose)
they may not work
well with each other
Tax Revenue
Georgia’s 
General Assembly
determines how revenue will
be collected.
The Department of Revenue
is 
a state executive agency
which administers and collects
most of the state’s revenue.
The Governor 
is the state’s
budget director.
Revenue
- 
money that the government
makes
 
 
Tax Revenue
Main source of tax revenue
for Georgia:
State:
 
Income tax and sales
tax
Local:
 
Property and sales
tax
Different revenue sources:
Taxes
Fees
Lottery funds
Tax Revenue
Different revenue sources:
Taxes
Fees
Lottery funds
Main source of tax revenue
for Georgia:
State:
 Income tax and sales
tax
Local:
 Property and sales
tax
Where does our state spend the
money it collects?
 
 
Where does our state spend the money it
collects?
 
Local Government Ticket out the Door
Your city has decided to investigate the possibility of changing its
form of government. You are a concerned citizen and you want what
is best for your town but you know little about the various forms of
city government. Being a good citizen, you decide to investigate the
three major forms of city government because you want to know
enough to speak at the open meeting scheduled to give citizens the
chance to state their views on the possible change. The three forms
of city government are:
Weak-Mayor Council
Strong-Mayor Council
Council Manager or City Manager
In one paragraph defend the type of government you think Dallas,
Georgia should have. When supporting your decision, you need to
also address why you decided against the other two forms.
(Make sure you consider the number of positions within each type,
what type would work best in large cities and/or small towns, and the
possible cost of running such a government.)
Slide Note
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Local government in Georgia comprises county and city governments, each with distinct origins, functions, and roles. Counties serve as districts to implement state laws, with elected commissioners overseeing policies, ordinances, budgets, and services. Cities operate under different forms of government like weak mayor-council, strong mayor-council, or council-manager, each defining roles between the council and mayor. Special-purpose governments fulfill specific functions, and local governments collaborate with state agencies to administer programs effectively.


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  1. Local Government SSGC5: The student will analyze the role of local governments in the state of Georgia a. a. Explain the origins, functions, purposes, and differences of county ad city governments in Georgia. b. Compare and contrast the weak mayor-council, the strong mayor-council, and the council-manager forms of city government. c. Describe the functions of special-purpose governments. d. Evaluate the role of local government working with state agencies to administer state programs.

  2. The Three Forms of Local Governments Counties Cities Special Districts

  3. Counties Counties were created by the state legislature to serve a districts for carrying out state laws and programs.

  4. The County Governing Body The county government is led by its county board of commissioners Commissioners are elected by county voters and serve 4 year terms County Governments are set up to complete: 1. County Policies 2. Adopt county ordinances (laws) 3. Determine the county s budget and tax rates 4. Provide county services

  5. County voters also elect: 1. The Sheriff 2. The Tax Commissioner 3. The Clerk of the Superior Court 4. The Judge of the Probate Court The County Commissioners appoint a county administrator, county manager, or a Chairman of the Board who will carry out day-to-day operations of the government. Paulding County s Chairman of the Board: David Austin

  6. City Governments Cities are established by a charter from the state legislature because people living in that area want certain services that the county does not provide such as: Police protection Business licenses Street maintenance Traffic control Water and sewer systems Municipality- A city operating its own government

  7. Three Types of City Governments Strong- Mayor- Council Weak- Mayor- Council Council- Manager System Mayor-Council: Divides the power between an elected city council and an elected mayor Council= Passes laws (city s legislative branch) Mayor=Enforces the laws passed by the council and has the power of veto (city s chief executive )

  8. Three Types of City Government Strong Strong- -Mayor Council Council Mayor has a great deal of power and influence over the council Mayor- - Weak Weak- -Mayor Council Council Mayor- - Council Council- -Manager Manager Council makes laws and policies City manager (hired by council) oversees day- to-day city operations and appoints heads of city departments Department heads report to city manager who reports to council Mayor s powers are very limited Rarely gets veto power Mayor is more of a figurehead

  9. City and county governments are general of local government meaning they exist for many different reasons. general- -purpose purpose forms Special Purpose Special Purpose Districts Districts The 3rd type of local government Set up by the legislature of a city or county ordinance for a single purpose There are two types of Special Purpose Districts School School Districts Districts Special Special Districts Districts

  10. School Districts State and federal governments provide money and make rules for public education Local school districts are in charge of the day-to-day responsibilities for running the schools Each school district has is own elected school board which decides: what the budget budget should be. where the schools should be built. should be built. sets the curriculum curriculum. hires the superintendent superintendent to run the schools. to run the schools.

  11. Special Districts Special Districts provide a necessary services. Usually has the power to tax. Run by a governing board which may be elected or appointed. Provide such services as: Fire Protection Ambulance Services Libraries Transportation (Ex. MARTA) College Police Departments

  12. Advantages Advantages Offer efficient way to Offer efficient way to respond to an urgent respond to an urgent problem problem Can readily borrow Can readily borrow money for its projects money for its projects They can charge fees to They can charge fees to users and raise money to users and raise money to pay back the funds pay back the funds borrows borrows Allows local governments Allows local governments to provide a service to provide a service without having to raise without having to raise taxes taxes Disadvantages Disadvantages Usually don t receive Usually don t receive any publicity and their any publicity and their governing boards are governing boards are rarely elected which rarely elected which means they may not means they may not be responsive to be responsive to public opinion public opinion If there are too many If there are too many of them (each serving of them (each serving their own purpose) their own purpose) they may not work they may not work well with each other well with each other

  13. Tax Revenue Revenue- money that the government makes Revenue Georgia s General Assembly determines how revenue will be collected. The Department of Revenue is a state executive agency which administers and collects most of the state s revenue. The Governor is the state s budget director.

  14. Tax Revenue Main source of tax revenue for Georgia: State: State: Income tax and sales Income tax and sales tax tax Local: Local: Property and sales Property and sales tax tax Different revenue sources: Taxes Taxes Fees Fees Lottery funds Lottery funds

  15. Tax Revenue Different revenue sources: Taxes Fees Lottery funds Lottery funds Main source of tax revenue for Georgia: State: State: Income tax and sales Income tax and sales Taxes Fees tax tax Local: Local: Property and sales Property and sales tax tax

  16. Where does our state spend the money it collects?

  17. Where does our state spend the money it collects?

  18. Local Government Ticket out the Door Your city has decided to investigate the possibility of changing its form of government. You are a concerned citizen and you want what is best for your town but you know little about the various forms of city government. Being a good citizen, you decide to investigate the three major forms of city government because you want to know enough to speak at the open meeting scheduled to give citizens the chance to state their views on the possible change. The three forms of city government are: Weak-Mayor Council Strong-Mayor Council Council Manager or City Manager In one paragraph defend the type of government you think Dallas, Georgia should have. When supporting your decision, you need to also address why you decided against the other two forms. (Make sure you consider the number of positions within each type, what type would work best in large cities and/or small towns, and the possible cost of running such a government.)

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