Leucocytozoon: Haemoparasite in Birds from Bihar Animal Sciences University
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Leucocytozoon
Image source: Google image
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Heteroxenous parasites.
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Schizogony occurs in vertebrates and
gametogony and sporogony in
invertebrates.
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Genus :
Haemoproteus
,
Leucocytozoon
and
Plasmodium
)
Genus:
Leucocytozoon
General characters:
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Leucocytozoon
is the largest haemoparasite
encountered in birds.
o
Heteroxenous parasite.
o
Schizogony occurs in vertebrates and
gametogony and sporogony in invertebrates.
o
Genus:
Leucocytozoon
General characters:
o
Leucocytozoon
gametocyte does not contain
retractile pigment.
o
Gametocytes stage of
Leucocytozoon
species
found in lymphocytes and /or may be in
erythrocytes of infected birds.
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Morphology :
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Gaemetocyte :
Mature
gametocyte of
Leucocytozoon
is elongate,
oval bodies found inside the
lymphocyte and erythrocyte.
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Host cell nucleus is
compressed to side of cell
and form a narrow dark
bands.
Gaemetocyte
Image source: Google image
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Morphology :
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Schizogony occurs in the
endothelial and parenchymatous
cells of liver, kidney, Lung, brain
etc.
o
Megaloschizonts
more numerous
than hepatic schizonts found in
endothelial cells of lungs, kidney,
brain etc.
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Infective stage :
sporozoites are
inoculated into definitive host by
the infected fly.
Simulium
fly
Image source: Google image
Life-cycle of
Leucocytozoon
Image source: Google image
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Pathogenesis and clinical
signs:
o
Young birds suffer more than the
adult birds. Clinical signs include
anorexia, anaemia, listlessness,
greenish diarrhoea etc.
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White spots found on the heart
muscle in
Leucocytozoon
infection
.
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Diagnosis:
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By demonstration of
gamonts found inside the
lymphocyte and
erythrocyte in stained
blood smear and the
megaloschizonts
in
impression smear of
lung.
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Treatment :
Pyrimethamine plus sulfonamides as prophylaxis whereas
in clinical cases, furazolidon or pyrimethamin is effective.
Sulphamonomethoxine sodium drug is also used in
treatment.
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Control:
Preventative medication with pyrimethamine and
sulfadimethoxine in the feed can be used.
Insect vector control is helpful but difficult.
Leucocytozoon, a haemoparasite found in birds, is studied at Bihar Animal Sciences University under Dr. Ajit Kumar. The parasite's morphology, life cycle, and host interactions are detailed, providing valuable insights into its impact on avian health. The research sheds light on the genus Leucocytozoon, its species, definitive hosts, and vectors. Images and descriptions illustrate the parasite's characteristics and stages of development. This comprehensive study contributes to the understanding of avian parasitology and wildlife health management.
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Presentation Transcript
Bihar Animal Sciences University | Leucocytozoon Dr. AJIT KUMAR Dr. AJIT KUMAR HoD HoD Department of Department of Parasitology Bihar Veterinary College Bihar Veterinary College Bihar Animal Sciences University Bihar Animal Sciences University Patna Patna- -800014 800014 Parasitology Image source: Google image
Family: Family: Plasmodiidae Plasmodiidae o Heteroxenous parasites. o Schizogony occurs in vertebrates and gametogony and invertebrates. sporogony in o Pigment ( (haemozoin the host cell except Leucocytozoon spp. haemozoin) ) is usually formed in o Genus : Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium)
Genus: Leucocytozoon General characters: Leucocytozoon is the largest haemoparasite o encountered in birds. Heteroxenous parasite. o Schizogony occurs in vertebrates and o gametogony and sporogony in invertebrates. o
Genus: Leucocytozoon General characters: o Leucocytozoon gametocyte does not contain retractile pigment. o Gametocytes stage of Leucocytozoon species found in lymphocytes and /or may be in erythrocytes of infected birds.
Leucocytozoon Leucocytozoon Species Species Definitive Definitive host host V Vector ector Leucocytozoon simondi Domestic duck Simulium spp. Leucocytozoon smithi Turkey Simulium spp. Leucocytozoon caulleryi Chicken, turkey etc. Culicoides spp.
Leucocytozoon Leucocytozoon Morphology : o Gaemetocyte gametocyte Leucocytozoon is elongate, oval bodies found inside the lymphocyte and erythrocyte. : Mature of o Host compressed to side of cell and form a bands. cell nucleus is narrow dark Gaemetocyte Image source: Google image
Leucocytozoon Leucocytozoon Morphology : o Schizogony endothelial and parenchymatous cells of liver, kidney, Lung, brain etc. occurs in the o Megaloschizonts more numerous than hepatic schizonts found in endothelial cells of lungs, kidney, brain etc. Simulium fly o Infective stage : sporozoites are inoculated into definitive host by the infected fly. Image source: Google image
Life-cycle of Leucocytozoon Image source: Google image
Leucocytozoon Leucocytozoon Pathogenesis signs: o Young birds suffer more than the adult birds. Clinical signs include anorexia, anaemia, listlessness, greenish diarrhoea etc. and clinical o White spots found on the heart muscle in infection. Leucocytozoon
Leucocytozoon Leucocytozoon Diagnosis: o By gamonts found inside the lymphocyte erythrocyte in stained blood smear megaloschizonts impression lung. demonstration of and and the in of smear
Leucocytozoon Leucocytozoon Treatment : Pyrimethamine plus sulfonamides as prophylaxis whereas in clinical cases, furazolidon or pyrimethamin is effective. Sulphamonomethoxine sodium drug is also used in treatment.
Leucocytozoon Leucocytozoon Control: Preventative medication with pyrimethamine and sulfadimethoxine in the feed can be used. Insect vector control is helpful but difficult.
