Keeping Your Pigs Healthy: Essential Tips and Advice
Learn how to maintain the health of your pigs with tips from David Madsen, DVM. Understand the importance of a Veterinary-Client-Patient Relationship (VCPR), prescription guidelines, general facts, signs to watch out for, and common causes of cough in pigs.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. Download presentation by click this link. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
KEEPING YOUR PIGS HEALTHY David Madsen, DVM SwinePro Associates, LLC PIGeducate.com
VCPR VETERINARY-CLIENT-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP YOU, THE CLIENT THAT OWNS PIGS, THE PATIENTS, HAVE STARTED A PROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIP WITH A VETERINARIAN THAT: 1. HAS BEEN TO SEE YOUR PIGS AT LEAST ONCE A YEAR 2. IS AVAILABLE TO MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS AND PROVIDE FOLLOW-UP 3. BUILDS A HEALTH PROGRAM THAT YOU AGREE TO FOLLOW.
PRESCRIPTION OR VFD FOR USE BY OR ON THE ORDER OF A LICENSED DVM ALL INJECTABLES VETERINARY FEED DIRECTIVE: ALL MEDICALLY IMPORTANT (FROM A CLASS OF DRUGS USED IN HUMANS). EXEMPT FOR FEED: Tiamulin (Denagard), FENBENDAZOLE, BMD
GENERAL FACTS 1. PIGS EAT LIKE A PIG. WHENEVER ONE DOESN T, SOMETHING IS WRONG! 2. MALE PIGS (BOARS & BARROWS) EAT 15% MORE PER DAY THAN GILTS AND BARROWS GET FATTER FASTER. 3. WATER, COOL & FRESH, IS THE MOST IMPORTANT NUTRIENT. POOR WATER, BAD APPETITE. 4. PIGS DON T REALLY LIKE TO WALLOW IN THE MUD. THEY DO LIKE TO STAY COOL & MUD HELPS.
SIGNS (SYMPTOMS) TO PAY ATTENTION TO 1. APPETITE STOPS 2. COUGH OR SNEEZING 3. FORCED BREATHING (THUMPING) 4. GAUNT 5. CHANGE IN STOOL- TOO HARD OR TOO LOOSE 6. LAME ESP. IF JOINTS SWELL 7. SKIN COLOR CHANGE OR SPOTS ON SKIN 8. VOMITING
APPETITE STOPS-WHY? 1. SORE THROAT, REDUCED WATER CONSUMPTION. OFTEN PRECEDES RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS 2. MAY ACCOMPANY FEVER-TAKE TEMPERATURE. SHOULD BE 101-103 (DEPENDS ON ROOM TEMP.) 3. CHECK WATER SOURCE AND FEED FRESHNESS 4. INVESTIGATE APPETITE REDUCTION VS. NONE
COUGH OR SNEEZE 1. CLEAR, WATERY DISCHARGE W/ SNEEZING PRIOR TO COUGH DEVELOPMENT IS A SIGN OF SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS INFECTION (SIV) 2. SHORT, DRY, PERSISTENT COUGH VS. DEEP HARSH, BARKING COUGH SEPARATES SOME DISEASES ALL PIGS COUGH OR SNEEZE ON OCCASION, JUST LIKE US. NO WORRIES. WORRY IF IT BECOMES REGULAR & CONTINUAL
COMMON COUGH CAUSES 1. MIGRATING ROUNDWORM LARVAE-ADULTS DO NO HARM EXCEPT PROVIDE MORE EGGS TO MAKE MORE WORMS. LARVAE EXIT INTESTINES AFTER BEING EATEN, MIGRATE THROUGH LIVER, DIAPHRAGM, LUNGS, GET COUGHED UP AND RESWALLOWED TO BECOME ADULTS. 2. CAN CAUSE EXTENSIVE LUNG DAMAGE, EVEN DEATH FROM PNEUMONIA. 3. EGGS LIVE OVER IN SOIL FOR YEARS 4. BEST REASON TO MOVE PENS ANNUALLY IF ON DIRT. 5.DRY, HACKY, FREQUENT COUGH.
WORM TREATMENT & CONTROL ROUNDWORMS Ivomec for adults only LARVAL ROUNDWORMS- Feed Safeguard (Fenbendazole) for 3 days as topdress WHIPWORMS Tramisol or Safeguard NOT Ivomec ROTATE LOTS ANNUALLY ON DIRT CLEAN PENS WELL BETWEEN GROUPS IF ON CEMENT COUGHING BEGINS ABOUT 14 DAYS AFTER EXPOSURE TO EMBRYONATED EGGS
FENBENDAZOLE SOURCES FENBENDAZOLE TOPDRESS FOR PIGS (SAFEGUARD) CATTLE SAFEGUARD PELLETS EQUINE SAFEGUARD PASTE ALL ACCORDING TO PIG WEIGHT & GIVE 3 DAYS IN A ROW
OTHER SOIL DANGERS PIGS ARE THE SECOND MOST POPULAR 4-H PROJECT IN MONTANA BEHIND SHOOTING SPORTS CLAY PIGEONS ARE A BIG PART OF SHOOTING PROJECTS CLAY PIGEONS ARE SEVERELY TOXIC TO PIGS LIVERS ONLY A HALF A CLAY BIRD, WHEN EATEN BY A PIG, IS ENOUGH TO KILL THE PIG CALLED PITCH POISENING , THE PINE TAR BASE IS BOTH TASTY TO THE PIG AND RAPIDLY TOXIC TO THE PIG S LIVER
MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIA 1. EASILY PREVENTABLE WITH PROPER VACCINATION 2. DRY, HACKY COUGH, GETS WORSE OVER TIME 3. CHRONIC MILD TO MODERATE PNEUMONIA 4. MAIN EFFECT IS SLOW GAIN 5. COMBINATION WITH OTHER AGENTS (PRRS, SIV, CIRCO) 2 + 2 = 5 6. BE CERTAIN PIGS YOU PURCHASE HAVE BEEN VACCINATED!
PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS CHRONIC, IRREVERSIBLE VIRUS ENTERED PIG HERDS VIA MUTATION OF PREVIOUS VIRUS IN EARLY 21stCENTURY HUGE ISSUE & RAPID SPREAD IN 2006 GOOD VACCINES IN 2007 EASILY PREVENTABLE VIA VACCINATION ASSUME ALL PIG HERDS CARRY IT REQUIRE VACCINATION OF EVERY PIG YOU BUY COMBINATION OF M.HYO & CIRCO IS EXCELLENT ESP. MERCK PRODUCT
SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS (SIV) 1. FAST ONSET, QUICKLY OFF FEED & H2O BECAUSE THROAT HURTS 2. STARTS W/ CLEAR, RUNNY, NOSE, THEN MILD COUGH, THEN LOUD, HARSH BARK 3. COUGH IS VERY CHARACTERISTIC (DIAGNOSTIC) 4. NO TREATMENT FOR ANY VIRUS 5. FOCUS Rx ON SECONDARY BACTERIA W/ INJECTABLE ANTIBIOTIC AND GOOD NURSING CARE (WARM, DRY, DRAFTFREE, REDUCE FEVER)
MORE SIV 1. OFTEN IN FALL W/ DROPPING TEMPS- PIGS AREN T THE BRIGHTEST CRITTERS- WILL GO TO SLEEP WHERE THEY ARE COMFORTABLE WHEN THE EVENING IS WARM, THEN STAY ALL NIGHT AND GET CHILLED. SIV IS OFTEN PRESENT IN THE PIG WAITING FOR A STRESSOR LIKE CHILLING 2. BEST REASON TO KEEP TEMPS CONSTANT AND COMFY YEARROUND.
EVEN MORE SIV 1. MOM S COLOSTRUM PROTECTS AGAINST SIV FOR ABOUT 8 WEEKS 2. THIS PROTECTION ALSO NEUTRALIZES VACCINE. HAVE TO WAIT UNTIL 2 MO. OLD 3. SEVERAL VERSIONS (H1N1, H3N2, H1N2), SO VACCINE AGAINST 1 MAY NOT PREVENT ANOTHER 4. THE MONTANA ADVANTAGE LONG DISTANCES BETWEEN PIGS, LESS EXPOSURE 5. HAULING TO MULTIPLE SHOWS LOSES THAT ADVANTAGE
LAST THING ABOUT SIV 1. PIGS HAVE BEEN INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION TO PEOPLE(AND VICE VERSA) 2. PIGS ARE THE MIXING VESSEL WHERE 2 OR MORE STRAINS OF PEOPLE &/OR BIRD INFLUENZA MAY COMBINE TO CREATE A NEW VIRUS 3. IT IS RARE BUT CAN HAPPEN THAT YOU CAN GIVE SIV TO YOUR PIGS OR THEY CAN GIVE IT TO YOU. 4. VERY COMMON THAT YOU HAVE THE INFLUENZA AT THE SAME TIME AS YOUR PIGS AND THEY ARE 2 COMPLETELY DIFFERENT VIRUS
A ZOONOTIC DISEASE DISEASE TRANSMISSABLE FROM ANIMALS TO PEOPLE OR VICE VERSA INFLUENZA A, ERYSIPELAS, STREPTOCOCCUS SUIS INFLUENZA A STRAINS COMMONLY INFECT BIRDS AND MOVE AROUND THE GLOBE. AVIAN STRAINS CAN DIRECTLY INFECT PEOPLE OR CAN MIX WITH HUMAN OR PIG STRAINS TO BECOME A NEW STRAIN THAT HAS NOT BEEN EXPERIENCED BEFORE. THE NEW STRAIN CAN NOW INFECT NA VE SUBJECTS
THINGS TO ASSUME THOSE OF US WITH A LONG FARM ANIMAL EXPOSURE HISTORY, ESP. PIGS OR POULTRY, HAVE SOME IMMUNITY TO INFLUENZA MOST FOLKS HAVE LITTLE OR NO EXPOSURE NOR IMMUNUTY, SINCE FEW FOLKS FARM EXHIBITS BRING PIGS, BIRDS, AND PEOPLE TOGETHER FOR A SHORT TIME EACH SUMMER THE SIGNS WARNING EVERYONE TO WASH THEIR HANDS AND NOT BRING FOOD INTO THE LIVESTOCK BARNS ARE JUST IN CASE AN UNEXPECTED INFLUENZA STRAIN IS PRESENT
GUT ISSUES 1. STOMACH ULCERS- GIVEN CREDIT FOR DOING MORE HARM THAN THEY DESERVE 2. EVERY TIME A PIG FAILS TO EAT FOR MORE THAN 24 HOURS (INCLUDING WHEN THEY RUN OUT OF FEED OR WATER), LOCAL IRRITATION OF A PART OF THE STOMACH LINING STARTS. 3. THIS CAN PROCEED TO AN EROSION OF THE LINING WHEN THE ABSENCE OF FOOD PERSISTS &/OR WHEN FINELY GROUND FEED IS FED 4. THE END RESULT CAN BE A BLEEDING ULCER & DEATH
ULCER CONTROL & Rx 1. ENCOURAGE APPETITE 2. OFFER MORE COARSE FEED THAN PELLETS(THE PELLETS DO NOT CAUSE ULCERS- QUALITY PELLETS REQUIRE GRINDING GRAIN VERY FINE. FINE GRIND ENCOURAGES ULCERS) 3. WHOLE OATS, STEAMED ROLLED OATS, WHOLE GRAIN ARE ALL ACCEPTABLE 4. TAGAMET (FAMOTEDINE) FED DAILY FOR A WEEK 5. OMEPRAZOLE (PRILOSEC) DAILY 6. ALL VOMITING IS NOT AN ULCER
MOST COMMON YOU MIGHT SEE 1. ILEITIS- USUALLY IN PIGS OVER 180-200 LB+ 2. STARTS AS MILD TO MODERATE DIARRHEA, USUALLY DARK DUE TO DIGESTED BLOOD, MAY DEPRESS APPETITE. OFTEN DARK STREAKS OF MANURE DOWN THE HAMS 3. RESPONDS WELL TO TYLAN 200 INJECTIONS OR LINCOMYCIN 300 INJECTIONS 3-5 DAYS IN A ROW. DENAGARD (TIAMULIN) VIA DRINKING WATER IS EXCELLENT, ESP. FOR UNAFFECTED PENMATES.
DENAGARD (TIAMULIN) GIVE IN DRINKING WATER MOST EFFECTIVE NOT COMMONLY USED IN MONTANA SUGGESTED THAT A CLUB LEADER ORDER A BOTTLE IN EARLY SUMMER AND LET EVERYONE KNOW WHERE IT IS. SHARE AMONG THOSE IN NEED. TYLAN 200 AND LINCOCIN 300 ARE MORE EASILY OBTAINED AND ARE GOOD FOR Rx BUT REQUIRE DAILY INJECTIONS FOR 3+ DAYS
LESS COMMON 1. SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM -YELLOW DIARRHEA, OFF FEED, LOW FEVER, GAUNT. NOT HIGHLY FATAL WHEN TREATED W/ NAXCEL OR EXCENEL INJECTIONS OR EXCEDE. MAY CONTINUE TO EAT. NEOMYCIN VIA WATER. 2. SALMONELLA CHOLERASUIS SKIN OF BELLY OFTEN UNIFORMLY REDDENED, HIGH FEVER, EARS MAY BECOME RED/PURPLE AT EDGE. QUICKLY FATAL. NAXCEL/EXCCENEL/EXCEDE. NOT MUCH DIARRHEA SINCE PIGS QUICKLY STOP EATING
RARE 1. WHIPWORMS- IN COLON, MAY SEE BRIGHTER RED BLOOD SPECKS. TREAT WITH TRAMISOL OR SAFEGUARD. IVOMEC WILL NOT WORK. 2. DYSENTERY- AFFECTS LARGE BOWEL, BLOOD & MUCUS IN MODERATE DIARRHEA. DENAGARD IN WATER OR FEED TO TREAT
RARER THAN RARE (IN MONTANA) PED (PORCINE EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA) PRIMARILY A WINTER DISEASE, DISASTROUS IN NURSING PIGS, SELDOM AN ISSUE AFTER 40 LB IN HOG DENSE AREAS OF U.S. MANY, MANY AVENUES OF TRANSMISSION NO TREATMENT BOTTOM LINE-IF YOU BUY A PLUMP 40+LB PIG, IT HAS NOT HAD PED AND, IF IT GETS PED AFTER THAT, NOT MUCH WILL HAPPEN EXCEPT EXTREME DIARRHEA WITH VOMITING FOR A FEW DAYS & WEIGHT LOSS (WILL REGAIN)
MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES 1. HEMOPHILUS PARASUIS USU. IN YOUNG PIGS. VERY MILD, DRY COUGH. SUDDEN DEATH.MAY SHOW RAPID BREATHING BUT CONTINUE TO EAT. TREAT W/ BAYTRIL, EXCEDE, NAXCEL, EXCENEL. TREAT ALL PIGS AT SAME TIME. POST MORTEM SHOWS LOT OF FLUID IN HEART SAC, CHEST CAVITY, CHICKEN FAT CLOTS OF YELLOW FLUID OR SPIDER WEB MATERIAL IN ABDOMEN. RECOVERED PIGS MAY GROW SLOWLY DUE TO ADHESIONS IN CHEST
MISC. (CONT.) ERYSIPELAS ACUTE OR CHRONIC ACUTE- HIGH FEVERS (107 ), GAUNT, MAY BE LAME, MAY SEE DIAMOND SKIN LESIONS TREAT WITH PENICILLIN, THE ONLY APPROVED USE OF PENICILLIN IN PIGS. 52 DAY PRESLAUGHTER WITHDRAWAL. NAXCEL ALSO GOOD. CHRONIC- AFTER ACUTE OR VERY MILD ACUTE. MAY CAUSE ARTHRITIS, ENLARGED JOINTS, HEART VALVE LESIONS THAT CAUSE THUMPING & SLOW GROWTH. NOT A COMMON CAUSE OF LARGE JOINTS
ARTHRITIS MYCOPLASMA HYORHINIS, M. HYOSYNOVIAE, H.PARASUIS(AGAIN. VERY COMMON) ACUTE LAMENESS, JOINT SWELLING. TREAT W/ NAXCEL OR EXCENEL AT FIRST SIGN OF LAMENESS. WAITING UNTIL SWELLING APPEARS OFTEN IS TOO LATE. IF THEY RE LAME, DO SOMETHING!
SUNBURN OCCURS ON LIGHT COLORED SKIN SIGNS ARE REDDENED SKIN, MAY PROCEDE TO WEEPING SERUM, CRACKING VERY CHARACTERISTIC SUDDEN FLINCHING, MAY DROP TO THE GROUND WHEN TOUCHED, MAY WALK AND REPEATEDLY DIP THE BACK. SOME CALL IT DIPPITY-PIG AND DREAM UP ALL SORTS OF CAUSES IT S SUNBURN. TREAT AS YOU WOULD YOURSELF- ALOE, LOCAL ANESTHETIC, CALAMINE IT WILL SCAB & PEEL-PREVENT VIA SHADE. MUD?
SENECA VALLEY VIRUS SUDDEN INCREASE IN # OF CASES, ESP. MIDWEST. HAS BEEN IN U.S. A FEW YEARS 1STFOUND 2015 IN SHOW PIGS IN SD & IA RAPID SPREAD TO MANY HERDS IN MANY STATES. CURRENT ESTIMATE IS THAT 30% OF U.S. PIGS HAVE BEEN EXPOSED CAUSES BLISTERS ON NOSE AND AT CORONARY BAND OF THE FOOT WHERE HAIR MEETS THE TOENAIL. BLISTERS RUPTURE LEAVING OPEN SORES
SVV cont. SORES MAY BE PAINFUL ENOUGH TO CAUSE TEMPORARY LAMENESS OR RELUCTANCE TO EAT NO TREATMENT. FAST RECOVERY. PROBABLY LIFETIME IMMUNITY BUT MAY BE CARRIERS FOR UNDETERMINED TIME.
