Jeffersonian Era: A New Nation Emerges
The New Nation
Part II
The Jeffersonian Era:
Jefferson-War of 1812
Do Now:
12/4/19
•
What were the midnight appointments?
–
John Adams appointed federal judges to positions
before he left office to ensure that one branch of
the government would belong to the federalists
Jefferson’s Domestic Policy
•
Election of 1800
–
Jefferson and Aaron Burr tie electoral votes
–
goes to the House of Representatives
–
Finally Hamilton persuaded enough
Federalists to vote for Jefferson
–
Hamilton thought Jefferson would be
a
better
President
–
Soon after the
12
th
Amendment
was passed
•
Stated that there would be
separate
votes
for President and Vice President.
•
Still in place today
Jefferson’s Domestic Policy
Peaceful Transition of Power
o
This was the first time a
different
party was
going be in power
o
Washington and Adams had filled many of the
posts with
Federalists
o
Jefferson did two things
He
downsized
the government
He
replaced
officials that were Federalists
with Democratic-Republicans
o
This set a precedent that while the people will
change the shape of government will
remain
the same
Jefferson’s Domestic Policy
The Judiciary becomes an equal branch of
government
o
Congress had set up the Federal courts with the
Judiciary Acts of 1798 and 1801
These created judgeships that could serve
for
life
Adams put as many
Federalists
into these
judgeships
Wanted the Federalists to
control
one branch
o
Adams was so desperate that he appointed these
judges on his
last day
Become known as
midnight appointments
Marbury v Madison
Recap
o
Jefferson thought this was unfair and pushed
for the Supreme Court to hear the
case
Marbury v. Madison
This allows for
Judicial Review-
the power
to interpret the constitution.
The Louisiana Purchase
•
France owned the Louisiana Area
and was seen as a
threat
•
Jefferson wanted to get rid of the
threat so he did not have to become
a
British Ally
•
In France Napoleon was short
on
cash
and one the New World
colonies had just
revolted
The Louisiana Purchase
•
Napoleon was willing to sell the
Louisiana purchase
o
To make his empire
smaller
o
Keep the US as an
ally
o
The
$15 million
dollars would help
feed his army
The Louisiana Purchase
•
Jefferson did not like the purchase
because he was a
strict
Constructionists
o
However the deal was just
too good
o
The Federalists had
created
precedent
that government
can do things outside the constitution
The Louisiana Purchase
•
Results
o
US
doubled
in size
o
The trading ability of the country was
much better
Complete
control of the Mississippi
Had the
tributaries
of the Mississippi
o
US becomes a
world power
o
Lewis and Clark explore the west
Do Now:
12/6/19
•
What did Marbury v. Madison
establish for the judicial
branch?
Democratic-Republic Foreign Policy
Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)
o
He bought the Louisiana Purchase from France
o
Upholding Washington’s policy of
neutrality
Jefferson passes the
Embargo Act
Stated that the US would
not trade
with any
nation that was at war.
o
Again the British
capture
American ships
o
Would make American sailors work for Britain
and this is called
impressment
o
Americans were
upset
with the US refusal to do
anything
o
US economy begins to
fail
Democratic-Republic Foreign Policy
James
Madison
(1809-1817)
o
One of the first things he did was
repeal
the
Embargo Act
o
The
War of 1812
Considered to be the
second
war for
independence
The United States
Congress
declares war
on England
Democratic-Republic Foreign Policy
Causes of the war:
British capturing US
ships
and the
policy of
impressments
England puts a
blockade
War Hawks
were mostly Democratic
Republicans
o
From the west and south
o
Upset over the
blockade
o
Wanted to add
land
Florida
Canada
Democratic-Republic Foreign Policy
o
Results of the war
The war was a
draw
Federalists lost
power
British were forced
out
of modern US
During the war the United
States
manufacturing
increases
Cut off from
Europe
Made our
own
goods
o
The
Star Spangled Banner
was
inspired during the Battle of Fort
McHenry
Democratic-Republic Foreign Policy
James
Monroe
(1817-1825)
o
Acquired
Florida
from Spain
o
Settles northern border
with
Canada
Democratic-Republic Foreign Policy
o
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Stated that there will be
no
more colonies
in the
Western Hemisphere
Stated that the only nation that is needed
to settle disputes in the Western
Hemisphere is the
United States
Said all Europe nations were
dangerous
to
the US
The US Promised to follow the policy
of
neutrality
in European affairs.
US still uses this Doctrine
today
Democratic-Republic Foreign Policy
The Presidencies of Madison and
Monroe are called the
Era of Good
Feelings
o
There were no
challengers
for
president
o
No political turmoil
Do Now:
12/5/19
•
Describe one cause and effect
of the War of 1812?
Industrial North
The Northern Economy
o
Started to focus on
manufacturing
Grew during the
Embargo Act
War of 1812
The north did not have a
long growing season
Northern cities did most of the
trading
Industrial North
o
The North starts to borrow ideas from Great Britain
about the
Industrial Revolution
Parts of the US move from agriculture
to
manufacturing
The United States starts factories based on British
factory
plans
o
Machines begin to do more of the work in
factories
Prior to the Industrial Revolution
craftsman
made
products
In addition most materials used for the finished
product were created in homes
Included
thread
and other basic items
This is called the
cottage
industry because it was
done in homes
Industrial North
Machines were profitable
with
interchangeable parts
Cotton Gin- invented by
Eli Whitney
Made machines
easier
to fix
Fix only
one
part not an entire machine
The parts were machine cast and were
exactly
alike
Industrial North
o
The first factories were in
New England
All aspects of the factory in
one building
The work day was from
5 am to 7 pm
Conditions were very unsafe
No safeguards
on machines
It was either very
hot or cold
Bars
on windows
Loud noises of machines
Industrial North
o
Workers unite and create
unions
Unions want three basic items
More Pay
Shorter
hours
Safer
working conditions
The unions would go on
strike
to gain
these demands
Hope to
cripple
factories
Owners would have to bend to demands
Often the
government
would side with
the
owners
Industrial North
o
New workers in factories
At first men came from
farms
Their jobs were taken by
machines
The factories promised better
wages
Men were soon replaced by
women and
children
They worked
cheaper
They were easier to
push around
Industrial North
Soon women demand more and join
unions
Women then are replaced by
immigrants
They worked even
cheaper
Wanted to become
Americanized
Would do anything to
fit in
These immigrants came from two places
o
Ireland
They left Ireland because their major food
source the
potato
was destroyed
Came to US to find new start
Stayed in
cities
because they were very
poor
o
Germany
They left Germany because of a
civil war
They leave for the city to start
farms
Do Now:
12/6/19
•
Who created the Cotton Gin?
The Southern Economy
Started to focus on
agricultural
o
Fertile land
o
The growing season was
all year
o
The major crop is
cotton
Slavery
increases
with the introduction of
the
Cotton Gin
o
Invented by Eli
Whitney
o
The cotton gin increased the production
by
50 times
o
The more cotton that could be cleaned meant
the
more slaves
that were needed
The Southern Economy
The north also
increased
the need for
cotton
and slaves
o
As factories grew in the north they needed
more
cotton
o
As the
demand increased
so did the
supply
Life under Slavery
Slaves are treated as
property
The South used cheap labor in the form
of
slaves
o
The first slaves came in the
colonial period
o
The culture became
dependent
on slaves
o
Only about
25%
of the south
owned slaves
o
Those did not have slaves like the idea of slavery
because it made them feel
dominant
o
Believed that slaves were better off in the
US than
Africa
Life under Slavery
Those that are in slavery are treated
differently based upon their owner
There were laws that were used to keep
order
o
Slave Codes
These made certain rules such as
Must have a
pass
to leave the farm
Cannot carry a weapon
Cannot look at a
white woman
Must give way to any white
Cannot learn to
read and write
Do Now:
12/9/19
•
What do you think were the
purpose of Black Codes?
American System
The call for National Unity or
nationalism
o
The belief that nation should be put before
sections
o
At this point the north and the south were
becoming
two different
sections of the country
with
two different
points of view
This leads to the belief that one section is
better
than
another
This is known as
sectionalism
American System
Henry Clay purposes the
American System
in
1815
o
He wanted to create the idea of
nationalism
o
It had three major parts
Develop a national
infrastructure
Build
roads
Build
canals
Establish a
protective tariff
to protect American
business
Creating a
Second Bank of the US
Would support the
national currency
Create a stable
lender
American System
o
The argument that Henry Clay used for
the
American System
The North would produce
manufactured goods
The South and West would
buy goods
The South and West would produce
grain, meat,
and cotton
The North would buy the
agriculture
With the Bank of the US there would be a
stable
currency
o
The idea has weight because many politicians
wanted to create
nationalism
Impact of the American System
There was a push to for a
national road
o
This would connect the
nation
o
Would make trade
easier and faster
Many states build
o
Turnpikes which charge a
toll
o
Canals
The most famous is the
Erie Canal
It connected the Atlantic Ocean with
the
Great Lakes
This allowed the
western
farms to trade
goods faster
Impact of the American System
Concerns over the
Protective Tariff
o
to promote buying of
American goods
o
Tariffs would
pay
for internal
improvements
o
The South and West did not like this
because it caused all prices to
increase
o
The North wanted them so they
could
sell more
o
his was finally passed in 1816 in hopes
of creating
one nation
Impact of the American System
The Bank of the United States was
embraced by most
o
Allowed for a
stable currency
o
Could give
loans
o
Created more
business
o
Which in turn creates more
taxes
This era marked by Jefferson's presidency saw significant changes in domestic policy, the judiciary, and key events like the War of 1812, Marbury v. Madison, and the Louisiana Purchase. Discover the political maneuvers, peaceful transitions of power, and the impact of midnight appointments.
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Presentation Transcript
The New Nation Part II The Jeffersonian Era: Jefferson-War of 1812
Do Now: 12/4/19 What were the midnight appointments? John Adams appointed federal judges to positions before he left office to ensure that one branch of the government would belong to the federalists
Jeffersons Domestic Policy Election of 1800 Jefferson and Aaron Burr tie electoral votes goes to the House of Representatives Finally Hamilton persuaded enough Federalists to vote for Jefferson Hamilton thought Jefferson would be a better President Soon after the 12thAmendment was passed Stated that there would be separate votes for President and Vice President. Still in place today
Jeffersons Domestic Policy Peaceful Transition of Power oThis was the first time a different party was going be in power oWashington and Adams had filled many of the posts with Federalists oJefferson did two things He downsized the government He replaced officials that were Federalists with Democratic-Republicans oThis set a precedent that while the people will change the shape of government will remain the same
Jeffersons Domestic Policy The Judiciary becomes an equal branch of government oCongress had set up the Federal courts with the Judiciary Acts of 1798 and 1801 These created judgeships that could serve for life Adams put as many Federalists into these judgeships Wanted the Federalists to control one branch oAdams was so desperate that he appointed these judges on his last day Become known as midnight appointments
Marbury v Madison Recap oJefferson thought this was unfair and pushed for the Supreme Court to hear the case Marbury v. Madison This allows for Judicial Review- the power to interpret the constitution.
The Louisiana Purchase France owned the Louisiana Area and was seen as a threat Jefferson wanted to get rid of the threat so he did not have to become a British Ally In France Napoleon was short on cash and one the New World colonies had just revolted
The Louisiana Purchase Napoleon was willing to sell the Louisiana purchase oTo make his empire smaller oKeep the US as an ally oThe $15 million dollars would help feed his army
The Louisiana Purchase Jefferson did not like the purchase because he was a strict Constructionists oHowever the deal was just too good oThe Federalists had created precedent that government can do things outside the constitution
The Louisiana Purchase Results oUS doubled in size oThe trading ability of the country was much better Complete control of the Mississippi Had the tributariesof the Mississippi oUS becomes a world power oLewis and Clark explore the west
Do Now: 12/6/19 What did Marbury v. Madison establish for the judicial branch?
Democratic-Republic Foreign Policy Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) oHe bought the Louisiana Purchase from France oUpholding Washington s policy of neutrality Jefferson passes the Embargo Act Stated that the US would not trade with any nation that was at war. oAgain the British capture American ships oWould make American sailors work for Britain and this is called impressment oAmericans were upset with the US refusal to do anything oUS economy begins to fail
Democratic-Republic Foreign Policy James Madison (1809-1817) oOne of the first things he did was repeal the Embargo Act oThe War of 1812 Considered to be the second war for independence The United States Congress declares war on England
Democratic-Republic Foreign Policy Causes of the war: British capturing US ships and the policy of impressments England puts a blockade War Hawks were mostly Democratic Republicans oFrom the west and south oUpset over the blockade oWanted to add land Florida Canada
Democratic-Republic Foreign Policy oResults of the war The war was a draw Federalists lost power British were forced out of modern US During the war the United States manufacturing increases Cut off from Europe Made our own goods oThe Star Spangled Banner was inspired during the Battle of Fort McHenry
Democratic-Republic Foreign Policy James Monroe (1817-1825) oAcquired Florida from Spain oSettles northern border with Canada
Democratic-Republic Foreign Policy oMonroe Doctrine (1823) Stated that there will be no more colonies in the Western Hemisphere Stated that the only nation that is needed to settle disputes in the Western Hemisphere is the United States Said all Europe nations were dangerous to the US The US Promised to follow the policy of neutrality in European affairs. US still uses this Doctrine today
Democratic-Republic Foreign Policy The Presidencies of Madison and Monroe are called the Era of Good Feelings oThere were no challengers for president oNo political turmoil
Do Now: 12/5/19 Describe one cause and effect of the War of 1812?
Industrial North The Northern Economy o Started to focus on manufacturing Grew during the Embargo Act War of 1812 The north did not have a long growing season Northern cities did most of the trading
Industrial North o The North starts to borrow ideas from Great Britain about the Industrial Revolution Parts of the US move from agriculture to manufacturing The United States starts factories based on British factory plans o Machines begin to do more of the work in factories Prior to the Industrial Revolution craftsman made products In addition most materials used for the finished product were created in homes Included thread and other basic items This is called the cottage industry because it was done in homes
Industrial North Machines were profitable with interchangeable parts Cotton Gin- invented by Eli Whitney Made machines easier to fix Fix only one part not an entire machine The parts were machine cast and were exactly alike
Industrial North oThe first factories were in New England All aspects of the factory in one building The work day was from 5 am to 7 pm Conditions were very unsafe No safeguards on machines It was either very hot or cold Bars on windows Loud noises of machines
Industrial North oWorkers unite and create unions Unions want three basic items More Pay Shorter hours Safer working conditions The unions would go on strike to gain these demands Hope to cripple factories Owners would have to bend to demands Often the government would side with the owners
Industrial North oNew workers in factories At first men came from farms Their jobs were taken by machines The factories promised better wages Men were soon replaced by women and children They worked cheaper They were easier to push around
Industrial North Soon women demand more and join unions Women then are replaced by immigrants They worked even cheaper Wanted to become Americanized Would do anything to fit in These immigrants came from two places oIreland They left Ireland because their major food source the potato was destroyed Came to US to find new start Stayed in cities because they were very poor oGermany They left Germany because of a civil war They leave for the city to start farms
Do Now: 12/6/19 Who created the Cotton Gin?
The Southern Economy Started to focus on agricultural oFertile land oThe growing season was all year oThe major crop is cotton Slavery increases with the introduction of the Cotton Gin oInvented by Eli Whitney oThe cotton gin increased the production by 50 times oThe more cotton that could be cleaned meant the more slaves that were needed
The Southern Economy The north also increased the need for cotton and slaves o As factories grew in the north they needed more cotton o As the demand increased so did the supply
Life under Slavery Slaves are treated as property The South used cheap labor in the form of slaves o The first slaves came in the colonial period o The culture became dependent on slaves o Only about 25% of the south owned slaves o Those did not have slaves like the idea of slavery because it made them feel dominant o Believed that slaves were better off in the US than Africa
Life under Slavery Those that are in slavery are treated differently based upon their owner There were laws that were used to keep order o Slave Codes These made certain rules such as Must have a pass to leave the farm Cannot carry a weapon Cannot look at a white woman Must give way to any white Cannot learn to read and write
Do Now: 12/9/19 What do you think were the purpose of Black Codes?
American System The call for National Unity or nationalism o The belief that nation should be put before sections o At this point the north and the south were becoming two different sections of the country with two different points of view This leads to the belief that one section is better than another This is known as sectionalism
American System Henry Clay purposes the American System in 1815 oHe wanted to create the idea of nationalism oIt had three major parts Develop a national infrastructure Build roads Build canals Establish a protective tariff to protect American business Creating a Second Bank of the US Would support the national currency Create a stable lender
American System o The argument that Henry Clay used for the American System The North would produce manufactured goods The South and West would buy goods The South and West would produce grain, meat, and cotton The North would buy the agriculture With the Bank of the US there would be a stable currency o The idea has weight because many politicians wanted to create nationalism
Impact of the American System There was a push to for a national road oThis would connect the nation oWould make trade easier and faster Many states build oTurnpikes which charge a toll oCanals The most famous is the Erie Canal It connected the Atlantic Ocean with the Great Lakes This allowed the western farms to trade goods faster
Impact of the American System Concerns over the Protective Tariff o to promote buying of American goods oTariffs would pay for internal improvements oThe South and West did not like this because it caused all prices to increase oThe North wanted them so they could sell more ohis was finally passed in 1816 in hopes of creating one nation
Impact of the American System The Bank of the United States was embraced by most oAllowed for a stable currency oCould give loans oCreated more business oWhich in turn creates more taxes
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