Introduction to Resource Management in Construction Industry
CHAPTER 6
Introduction to Resource Management
Objectives
To clearly identify resource used in construction
industry.
To explain ideas behind optimization clearly.
Get
a broad picture
of the
various applications
of
optimization methods.
2
Introduction
Introduction
The construction industry exists in an environment that is both
economically and technologically dynamic.
Time, money, and resource constraints, coupled with the high market
competition have forced many construction firms to focus more closely on
their operations.
Introduction
•
Resource Definition
Resource is any thing that can be used to satisfy construction needs.
•
Types of Resource
I
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
Introduction
I
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
Introduction
Introduction
Optimization
: The act of obtaining the best
result under the
given
circumstances.
Design, construction and maintenance of engineering
systems involve decision making both at the
managerial
and
the
technological level
Goals of such decisions
:
–
to minimize the effort required
or
–
to
maximize
the
desired
benefit
6
Introduction
(contd.)
7
Optimization
:
Defined
as the process of
finding
the
conditions
that give the
minimum
or
maximum value
of a
function, where
the
function represents
the effort
required
or the
desired
benefit.
•
Resource optimization is the set of processes and methods to
match the available resources (human, machinery, financial)
with the needs of the organization in order to achieve
established goals.
Introduction
(contd.)
applications of optimization.
9
Design of
structural
units in
construction, machinery,
and
in
space
vehicles.
Maximizing benefit/minimizing product costs in various
manufacturing
and
construction
processes.
Optimal path finding in road networks/freight handling
processes.
Optimal production planning, controlling and
scheduling.
Optimal Allocation of resources or services among several
activities
to
maximize
the
benefit.
Transportation problem
Agricultural applications
Military applications
Art of
Modeling
: Model
Building
10
Development of an optimization model
can be divided into five major
phases.
–
Collection
of
data
–
Problem definition and
formulation
–
Model development
–
Model validation and evaluation or
performance
–
Model application and interpretation
of
results
Data
collection
11
Data
collection
–
may
be
time
consuming but is
the
fundamental basis
of the
model-building
process
–
extremely important phase
of the
model-building process
–
the
availability and accuracy
of
data can have considerable
effect on the accuracy of the
model
and on
the
ability
to
evaluate
the
model.
Problem
Definition
12
Problem definition
and
formulation,
steps
involved:
–
identification of the decision
variables;
–
formulation of the model
objective(s);
–
the formulation of the model
constraints.
In
performing these
steps one must consider the
following.
–
Identify the important elements that the problem consists
of.
–
Determine
the
number
of
independent variables, the number of
equations required to describe the system, and the number of
unknown
parameters
.
Model
development
13
M
o
d
e
l
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
s
:
–
the
mathematical
description,
–
parameter
estimation,
–
input development,
and
–
software
development
The model development phase is an iterative process that may
require returning to the model definition and formulation
phase
.
Model Validation and
Evaluation
14
This phase is checking the model as a
whole.
M
o
d
e
l
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
a
s
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
.
Sensitivity analysis to test the model inputs and
parameters.
This
phase also is an iterative process and
may
require returning
to
the
model definition and formulation phase.
One important aspect of this process is that in most cases data used
in
the formulation process should be different from that used
in
validation.
Modeling
Techniques
15
Different modeling techniques
are
developed
to meet
the
requirement
of
different
type of optimization problems. Major
categories
of
modeling approaches
are:
–
classical optimization
techniques,
–
linear
programming,
–
nonlinear
programming,
–
geometric
programming,
–
dynamic
programming,
–
integer
programming,
–
stochastic
programming,
–
evolutionary algorithms,
etc.
Linear programming
will be discussed in the subsequent
lectures
.
The construction industry operates in a dynamic environment with time, money, and resource constraints. This chapter focuses on resource management, optimization methods, and applications in construction. It covers the definition of resources, types of resources, and the importance of optimization in achieving desired benefits. Various applications of optimization in construction, such as designing structural units, maximizing benefits in manufacturing processes, and optimal resource allocation, are explored.
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Presentation Transcript
CHAPTER 6 Introduction to Resource Management
Objectives To clearly identify resource used in construction industry. To explain ideas behind optimization clearly. Get a broad picture of the various applications of optimization methods. Introduction 2
Introduction The construction industry exists in an environment that is both economically and technologically dynamic. Time, money, and resource constraints, coupled with the high market competition have forced many construction firms to focus more closely on their operations. Introduction
Introduction Resource Definition Resource is any thing that can be used to satisfy construction needs. Types of Resource Introduction
Introduction Introduction
Introduction Optimization : The act of obtaining the best result under the given circumstances. Design, construction and systems involve decision making both at the managerial and the technological level maintenance of engineering Goals of such decisions : to minimize the effort required or to maximize the desired benefit 6
Introduction (contd.) Optimization : Defined as the process of finding the conditions that give the minimum or maximum value of a function, where the function represents the effort required or the desired benefit. 7
Introduction (contd.) Resource optimization is the set of processes and methods to match the available resources (human, machinery, financial) with the needs of the organization in order to achieve established goals.
applications of optimization. Design of structural units in construction, machinery, and in vehicles. Maximizing benefit/minimizing manufacturing and construction processes. Optimal path finding in road networks/freight handling processes. Optimal production planning, controlling and scheduling. Optimal Allocation of resources or services among several activities to maximize the benefit. Transportation problem Agricultural applications Military applications space product costs in various 9
Art of Modeling : Model Building Development of an optimization model can be divided into five major phases. Collection of data Problem definition and formulation Model development Model validation and evaluation or performance Model application and interpretation of results 10
Datacollection Data collection may be time consuming but is the fundamental basis of the model-building process extremely important phase of the model-building process the availability and accuracy of data can have considerable effect on the accuracy of the model evaluate the model. and on the ability to 11
Problem Definition Problem definition and formulation, steps involved: identification of the decision variables; formulation of the model objective(s); the formulation of the model constraints. In performing these steps one must consider the following. Identify the important elements that the problem consists of. Determine the number of independent variables, the number of equations required to describe the system, and the number of unknown parameters. 12
Model development Model development includes: the mathematical description, parameter estimation, input development, and software development The model development phase is an iterative require returning to the model definition and formulation phase. process that may 13
Model Validation and Evaluation This phase is checking the model as a whole. Model validation consists of validation of the assumptions and parameters of the model. Sensitivity analysis to test the model inputs and parameters. This phase also is an iterative process and may require returning to the model definition and formulation phase. One important aspect of this process is that in most cases data used in the formulation process should be different from that used in validation. 14
Modeling Techniques modeling techniques requirement of different type of optimization problems. Major categories of modeling approaches are: classical optimization techniques, linear programming, nonlinear programming, geometric programming, dynamic programming, integer programming, stochastic programming, evolutionary algorithms, etc. Linear programming will be discussed in the subsequent lectures. Different are developed to meet the 15
