Insights into the Evolution of Information Systems: A Historical Perspective

Delve into the rich history of Information Systems (IS) through an exploration of key milestones, institutional roles, and initiatives. Discover the significance of understanding IS history, the importance of preserving it, and how lessons from the past can shape the future of the field. Gain valuable insights from renowned pioneers in the IS domain and their contributions to its development.

• Information Systems
• Evolution
• Historical Perspective
• Institutional Roles
• IS History

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1. Panel - IS History: Timeline and Institutional Roles Ping Zhang, Syracuse University Izak Benbasat, AIS LEO award winner, University of British Columbia Eph McLean, AIS LEO award winner, Georgia State University Rick Watson, AIS LEO award winner, University of Georgia Bob Zmud, AIS LEO award winner, University of Oklahoma AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 1

2. Why Focusing on IS History? What for: History shapes a field, gives a unique identity of the field Why now: To maintain the legacy and heritage of the IS field by starting now when many pioneers in our field are still among us What to do: To collect, preserve, interpret, write and disseminate the history of the IS field AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 2

3. IS History Initiatives ECIS 13 Panel: The origins of IS in different regions PACIS 13 Panel: What IS history is and how to best represent it AMCIS 13 Panel: Timeline and institutional roles of IS http://history.aisnet.org IS History group at Mendeley Other Special Issues on IS History Many published studies on or about IS History AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 3

4. AMCIS Panel Topics 1. Timeline of the IS field (major events) 2. The institutional role/position of IS within business schools and other schools 3. Learning from the history to help us in the future AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 4

5. Rick Watson AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 5

6. Personal history International liaison for ICIS 1993 Set up ICIS-L to promote the conference Quickly took on a broader role as a communication channel for the IS community Genesis of AISWorld list AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 6

7. Personal history AE for MISQ in 1993-97 Charged with looking for innovations Piloted electronic reviewing with Adobe Acrobat Worked with MISQ Editorial team to develop a pre-cursor of a review management system SE for MISQ in 1997- 2001 Responsible for establishing the Review section of MISQ AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 7

8. Personal history IS World / AIS World ~1994 Worked with Blake Ives to design and implement IS World Literally designed on the back of a large envelope at a meeting at the University of Minnesota Summary of philosophy and goals Watson, R. T. (1994). Creating and sustaining a global community of scholars. MIS Quarterly, 18(3), 225-231. AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 8

9. Collective history Information systems have existed for millions of years An information system is a set of entities and shared patterns that enable goal attainment through the processing of information Humans Ants, prairie dogs, dolphins, Computers AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 9

10. Collective history A dominant logic describes the manner is which a firm or society organizes much of its activity in order to be successful A dominant logic is paramount in an economic era AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 10

11. Collective history Economy Subsistence Agricultural Industrial Service Sustainable How to manage resources? How to create customers? How to reduce impact? Question How to survive? How to farm? Survival Production Dominant issue Customer service Sustainability Writing Calendar Mathematics Measures Money Accounting Economics Project management ERP Optimization Simulation Design Flow analytics E-commerce CRM Analytics Key information systems Gesture Speech AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 11

12. Collective future The information systems developed during an era reflect the needs of the current dominant logic of that era Our collective future should be dominated by research on and development of information systems that promote ecological sustainability AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 12

13. Bob Zmud AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 13

14. Personal History First computer program written 1965 MIT Management masters program (1968-1970) Arizona Management doctoral program (1971-74) ICIS program chair (1986, San Diego) Organization Science founding senior editor(1990) SIM APC Research Director, 1992-2004 ICIS conference chair (1993, Orlando) MISQ eitor-in-chief, 1995-1998 JAIS founding senior editor (2000) MISQ Executive founding senior editor (2002) AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 14

15. Topics Covered The Early Information Systems Scholarly Publishing Context MIS Structural Positioning within Business Schools Importance of Understanding the History of the MIS Scholarly Discipline

16. Early, Non-IS-Specific Journals Academic Society Regular Publishing of IS Articles Founding Date Journal INFORMS Management Science Information Systems Dept. Organization Science Dept. Information Systems Research Organization Science Academy of Management 1954 1965 1969 1969 1990 1990 1990 1990 Academy of Management Journal Academy of Management Review ACM 1958 1976 1966 1977 Communications of the ACM Computing Surveys 1958 1969 1977 1969 DSI Decision Sciences 1975 1970

17. Information Systems Journal Starting Points 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 MS AMJ CS DS AMR CACM MISQ JMIS JIT ISR OS EJIS JSIS ISJ

18. Early IS Articles in Management Science Jan 1955: Computing in Management Science (Hurd) Jan 1956: Computers as Tools for Management (Coleman) Apr 1958: Towards a Behavioral Theory of Communication (Ackoff) Apr 1958: Information Flow and Worker Productivity (Goldman) Jan 1960: Design of a Management Information System (Stoller, Van Horn) Dec 1960: The Sociological Impact of Automation in the Office (Hoos) Apr 1964: Control in Large Organizations (Arrow) Jun 1964: The Role of Information Systems in Organizations (Chambers) Feb 1965: Automated Information Systems in Planning, Control and Command (Vazsonyi) Feb 1965: On the Need for Improvement in Implementation of OR (Malcolm) Feb 1965: Electronics in Management (Hertz) Feb 1965: The Researcher and the Manager: A Dialectic of Implementation (Churchman, Schainblatt)

19. Early IS Articles in AMJ Aug 1958: Electronic Data Processing from a Management Perspective (Schmidt) Aug 1960: Organizational Implications of Automation (Lipstreu) Dec 1960: Management and the Electronic Computer (Schmidt) Mar 1963: Processes Vis-A-Vis Systems: Toward a Model of the Enterprise and Administration (French) Sep 1963: Management in Perspective Automation: Our Greatest Asset Our Greatest Problem? (Megginson) Sep 1964: On information Technology and Organization Structure (Lee) Sept 1965: Computer Effect Upon Managerial Jobs (Schwitter) Mar 1966: The Impact of EDP Systems on Office Employees: Some Empirical Observations (Hill) Dec 1966: Artificial Intelligence, Computer Simulation of Human Cognitive and Social Processes, and Management Thought (Meinhart) Dec 1966: Systems, Boundaries, and Information Flow (Brown) Mar 1967: Toward a Theory of Organization Communication: Consideration in Channel Selection (Melcher, Beller) Dec 1967: The Management of Decision-Making Within the Firm: Three Strategies for Three Types of Decision-Making (Delbecq)

20. Early IS Articles in AMR Jan 1977: Information Systems for Social Reporting (Post, Epstein) Jan 1977: Innovative Strategies for Improving MIS Utilization (Schewe, Wiek) Apr 1977: Real-Time Management An Analogy (Borovits, Segev) Jul 1978: An Information-Task Approach to Organizational Communication (Poole) Jul 1978: A Perspective on the Implementation of Management Science (Anderson, Hoffman) Jul 1978: Information Processing as an Integrating Concept in Organization Design (Tushman, Nadler) Oct 1978: On the Design of Planning Information Systems (Henderson, Nutt)

21. Early IS Articles in CACM Oct 1963: An Automated Data Acquisition and Inquiry System Using Disk Files (Edwards) Dec 1963: Telefile: A Case Study of an On-Line Savings Bank Application (Sanders) Feb 1970: Computer Education in a Graduate School of Management (Ness, Green, Martin) Aug 1970: The Allocation of Computer Resources Is Pricing the Answer (Nielsen) Jul 1971: The State of Computer-Oriented Education in Business Schools 1970 (McKinney, Tonge) Sep 1971: Education Related to the Use of Computers in Organizations (Teichroew) Jul 1972: A Generational Perspective of Information System Development (Benjamin) Jul 1973: Managing the Computer Resource: A Stage Hypothesis (Nolan) Dec 1973: Curriculum Recommendations for Undergraduate Programs in Information Systems (Couger) Jan 1974: A CRT Report Generation System (Lucas) Dec 1976: Computer-Aided Analysis and Design of Information Systems (Nunamaker, Konsynski, Ho, Singer) Mar 1977: Effect of Charge-Out on User/Manager Attitudes (Nolan) Mar 1977: Cost/Utilization: A Measure of System Performance (Borovits, Ein-Dor) Apr 1977: The Stage Hypothesis and the S-Curve: Some Contradictory Evidence (Lucas, Sutton) June 1977: Experimental Investigations of the Utility of Detailed Flowcharts in Programming (Shneiderman, Mayer, McKay, Heller)

22. Early IS Articles in Computing Surveys Jun 1969: Computers and Privacy: A Survey (Hoffman) Jun 1969: A Survey of Analytical Time-Sharing Models (McKinney) Jun 1969: Elements of Data Management Systems (Dodd) Dec 1969: Information Systems in Perspective (Aron) Jun 1970: Flowcharting with the ANSI Standards: A Tutorial (Chapin) Sep 1970: Digital Control of Industrial Processes (Smith) Sep 1971: Performance Evaluation and Monitoring (Lucas) Dec 1972: Staffing the MIS Function (Willoughby)

23. Early IS Articles in DS Jun 1970: Economic Evaluation of Management Information systems (Chervany, Dickson) Jan 1974: An Empirical Study of a Framework for Information Systems (Lucas) Apr 1974: Integrating the Computer into a Business School Curriculum (Lucas, Larreche, Montgomery) Apr 1974: Management Information Systems Curriculum: State of the Art (Igershein, Swanson) Jul 1974: File Management in Management information Systems (Wilson, Gray) Oct 1974: Modeling the Reliability of Computer Software (Schick) Apr 1975: How Management Users View Information Systems (Adams) Jul 1975: An Experimental Evaluation of the Relationship of Uncertainty in the Environment to Information used by Decision Makers (Schroeder, Benbasat) Jan 1976: The Impact of Alternative Decision Techniques on User Behavior (Robey) Oct 1976: Field Experiments Which Compared the Effectiveness of Design Methods (Nutt) Oct 1976: Report Frequency and Management Decisions (Meddaugh)

24. MIS Institutional Structure (Department/Division/Area) Primary Structural Arrangements Management science or decision science Management Accounting Independent Primary Explanations Unit IS faculty initially hired into Size of IS faculty Existence of (strong) IS undergraduate program Politics

25. Importance of Disciplinary History Individuals can make sense of their institutional situations Individuals can become aware of the breadth of possible alternatives to an existing situation Individuals can become aware of the change levers to be applied and the logical arguments associated with applying a change lever

26. Izak Benbasat AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 26

27. Personal History First computer program written 1965 Minnesota MIS doctoral program (1969-74) Founding group member ICIS MISQ (Senior AE for Research, SE); ISR (SE, EIC) ICIS conference co-chair (1994; Vancouver), program chair (1991, New York), DC chair (1983, Ann Arbor) AMCIS conference co-chair (Toronto, 2008), program co-chair (Baltimore, 1998), DC co-chair (Chicago, 2013) AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 27

28. Theme: Diversity and Identity AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 28

29. Historical Milestones MIS is a Mirage (Dearden, HBR 1972) A mishmash of fuzzy thinking and incomprehensible jargon MISQ (1977) (Practice and Research) ICIS (1980) Can MIS be Disciplined? (Banville & Landry, CACM 1989) [MIS as a fragmented adhocracy!!!] MISQ policy on topic coverage (1980 s; benign indifference?) ISR (1990) AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 29

30. Debates About Diversity "Rethinking Diversity in Information Systems Research (Benbasat & Weber, ISR, 1996) and replies Desperately Seeking the IT in IT Research (Orlikowsky & Iacono, ISR, 2001) The Identity Crisis within the IS Discipline (Benbasat & Zmud, MISQ, 2003) and replies MISQ relaxation on topic coverage (circa 2010) AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 30

31. Quo Vadis MIS? Does our history push us towards the de facto institutionalization of diversity and lowering barriers to entry ? (e.g., Big Data Analytics) [populus locuta est, causa finita est] Is the above of concern? To whom? Why? Are there any hopes for converging around collective beliefs for a stronger common identity? AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 31

32. C:\Users\benbasat\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\BH11VI64\MC900434475[1].wmf C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\MEDIA\CAGCAT10\j0293240.wmf AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 32

33. Inaugural ICIS (Philadelphia, 1980) Planning meeting (UCLA, May 1980) Diversity of background of founders Commissioning of papers: Foundations of IS Theme of Keynote talk by Peter Keen: Reliance on Reference Disciplines C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\MEDIA\CAGCAT10\j0293240.wmf AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 33

34. Eph McLean AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 34

35. Personal History Education: B.M.E., Cornell University (1958) M.S., Cornell University (1958) S.M., M.I.T., Sloan School (1967) Ph.D., M.I.T., Sloan School (1970) Military Service: Lt., Capt, U.S. Army Reserve (1958-68) Faculty member, U.S. Army Ordnance School (1959) Industry Experience: Manufacturing Manager, Procter & Gamble (1959-62) Computer Systems Analyst, Procter & Gamble (1962-65) Academic Appointments: Instructor, M.I.T. Sloan School (1968-69) Assistant Professor, U.C.L.A. (1969-77) Associate Professor, U.C.L.A. (1977-87) GRA Chaired Professor, Georgia State University (1987-) Regents Professor, Georgia State University (2002-) Department Chair, CIS Department, Georgia State U., (2007-)

36. Personal History Professional I/S Experience Developed and installed a 1200-man factory payroll for P. & G. (1962) Participated in a P. & G.-wide Order-Shipping-Billing System (1964- 65) This is now my 51st year in the computer field Academic Experience Co-authored the first book on I/S planning, Strategic Planning for MIS (1977) Founding Associate Editor, Theory and Research, MIS Quarterly (1977) Organized and hosted at UCLA the founding meeting of ICIS (1980) Program Committee Chair, ICIS, Philadelphia. PA (1980) Introduced the programming language, APL, to UCLA. Co-authored a book, Management Applications in APL (1981)

37. Personal History Conference Co-Chair, ICIS, Cambridge, MA (1981) Doctoral Committee Co-Chair, ICIS, Indianapolis, IN (1984) Conference Chair, ICIS, San Diego, CA (1985) Co-authored, The Management of Information Systems, based upon winning one of the $2M IBM grants on MoIS (1989) Co-authored, Information Systems Success: The Quest for the Dependent Variable (with William DeLone), Information Systems Research (1992) Co-authored, Information Technology for Management (with Efraim Turban) (1996) Established AIS and ICIS headquarters at Georgia State University and became Executive Director (1977) Conference Co-Chair, ICIS, Atlanta, GA (1997) Co-authored, The DeLone and McLean Model of I/S Success: A Ten- Year Update, The Journal of MIS (2003) Co-authored, Information Systems Success: The Quest for the Independent Variables, The Journal of MIS (2013)

38. The International Conference on Information Systems: A Brief History 1979 A small group of I/S academics meet in Denver, CO, at a TIMS s workshop, lamenting the fact that there is no conference for Information Systems academics. A meeting is planned for the next spring. 1980 A meeting of more than two dozen leading I/S academics is held at UCLA in May to plan a conference. 1980 The first Conference on Information Systems (CIS) is held in December in Philadelphia. 235 are in attendance. 1981 CIS is incorporated as a non-profit 501 (c) 3 corporation in Illinois, with the help of the Society for Information Management (SIM), which became a long-time conference sponsor. The second CIS is held in Cambridge, MA, amidst one of the worst snowstorms in the history of Boston. 1985 CIS is renamed the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS) and held in Indianapolis, IN. 1986 ICIS is held in San Diego, CA, with the first use of the new ICIS logo. 1987 The ICIS Executive Committee votes to hold a conference outside of the U.S.

39. The International Conference on Information Systems: A Brief History 1990 ICIS is held in Copenhagen, Denmark; 735 are in attendance. 1994 Several academics meet informally at the HICSS conference in Hawaii to form an I/S society. The Association for Information Systems (AIS) is formed as a 501 (c) 6 corporation in Pennsylvania. Bill King is the first President. 1995 The first Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) is held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 1997 AIS headquarters moves from the University of Pittsburgh to Georgia State University in Atlanta, Georgia. Eph McLean is appointed Executive Director of AIS and ICIS. 2002 AIS and ICIS merge to form one legal organization, a 501 (c) 3 non-profit corporation. 2005 Pete Tinsley joins AIS as the Deputy Executive Director. 2007 Eph McLean steps down as Executive Director. Pete Tinsley appointed Executive Director

40. Audiences Responses & Learning from the history to help in the future AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 40

41. Thank You! Ping Zhang, Syracuse University Izak Benbasat, AIS LEO award winner, University of British Columbia Eph McLane, AIS LEO award winner, Georgia State University Rick Watson, AIS LEO award winner, University of Georgia Bob Zmud, AIS LEO award winner, University of Oklahoma AMCIS 13 Panel on IS History 41