Inheritance Laws and Estate Disputes in Poland
Last will cases
Monika Drela
Jan had one son – Tomas and two grand-daughters –
Alicia and Kate. He had 5 immovables.
•
In 2012 Jan made last will in handwriting, where he wrote
that he wanted Alicia to have immovable no. 1 after he dies.
•
In 2013 he learned about vindicative legacy entered into
polish C.C., so he went to notary and made last will in
notarial act, where he decided that Kate would be given an
immovable no. 2 as a vindicative legacy.
•
In 2014 he made third last will in handwriting, where he
wrote, he wanted Alicia to be given a vindicative legacy of
immovable no. 3
1.
Who inherits the estate after Jan died on 12.12.2014r. ?
2.
Who is the owner of Jan’s immovables ?
3.
Are there any claims to be pursued by grandaughters ? Who
is the debtor ?
•
A was born in Krakow in 1920. His parents owned a
building on the Main Square. As the family was of Jewish
origin A
after the outbreak of World War II, his parents
were sent to a concentration camp, where he died. A
joined the Anders Army and after the war he settled in
London.
He a
lso acquired English citizenship.
H
owever,
he
never gave up Polish citizenship. As a result of
nationalization, the property belong
ing
to the family before
the war was acquired by the Polish state. After 1989, A
commenced action to recover the property. During this
process, in April 2009, A died leaving a will in which the
entire estate
was given to
her neighbo
u
r - a citizen of the
United States, and
A
disinherited
his
son.
Heir
ess
joined
the proceedings in Poland, which ended in March 2010
recognized the nationalization decision null and void. The
heiress brought to court in the land and mortgage
register
of
Krakow to enter
her
as the owner of the property. The
court, however, refused to make such entries.
•
What is the law governing the succession case
under polish international private law?
•
Is there a conflict of law possible ?
•
What do you think is the reason of the court
decision ?
•
Who is the legal successor ?
•
USTAWA
z dnia 24 marca 1920 r.
o nabywaniu nieruchomości przez cudzoziemców
Art. 1
Acquisition of real estate by a foreigner requires a perm
ission
issued, by way of de
c
i
si
on
issued
by the Minister of Internal Affairs,
if the opposition
is not presented by
the Minister of National
Defence, and in the case of agricultural property
the minister
responsible for dis-development of the village.
Nabycie nieruchomości przez cudzoziemca wymaga zezwolenia.
Zezwolenie jest wydawane, w drodze decyzji administracyjnej,
przez ministra właściwego do spraw wewnętrznych, jeżeli
sprzeciwu nie wniesie Minister Obrony Narodowej, a w przypadku
nieruchomości rolnych, jeżeli sprzeciwu również nie wniesie
minister właściwy do spraw rozwoju wsi.
Exeptions – art. 8.
Art. 8
•
It is not required to obtain a permi
ssion
by
foreigners being citizens or entrepreneurs
in
States - parties to the Agreement on the
European Economic Area or the Swiss
Confederation, with the exception of the
acquisition:
1) agricultural land and forests, over a period of
12 years from the date of accession of the
Republic of Polish Union-European Union;
•
When an appartment or premisses are the object
of transaction or succession
Art. 7
•
The provisions of the Act do not apply to the acquisition of property
through inheritance or vindicat
ive legacy
by persons entitled to
statutory succession
. If the law does not provide
a
statutory
succession, in this respect, the Polish law
applies
.
•
3. If a foreigner who has acquired property under
a will
, does not
obtain authorization from the Minister of Internal Affairs on the basis
of an application made within two years from the date of opening of
the inheritance, ownership of property or right of perpetual usufruct
goes to the statutory successors
.
•
3a.5) If an alien who acquired property based on
vindicative legacy
not obtain
s
permission
from the Minister of Internal Affairs on the
basis of an application made within two years from the date of
opening the
inheritance,
ownership of property or right of perpetual
usufruct goes
back
into
the estate
.
T
he provisions of paragraph. 2 and
3,
will be applied,
except that the term referred to in paragraph. 3 runs
from the time when the
foreigner
learned of the entrance to the
decline of property rights or the right of perpetual usufruct.
Art. 7
•
Przepisów ustawy nie stosuje się do nabycia nieruchomości w drodze dziedziczenia
lub zapisu windykacyjnego przez osoby uprawnione do dziedziczenia ustawowego.
Jeżeli prawo ojczyste spadkodawcy nie przewiduje dziedziczenia ustawowego, w
tym zakresie stosuje się prawo polskie.
•
3. Jeżeli cudzoziemiec, który nabył wchodzącą w skład spadku nieruchomość na
podstawie testamentu, nie uzyska zezwolenia ministra właściwego do spraw
wewnętrznych na podstawie wniosku złożonego w ciągu dwóch lat od dnia
otwarcia spadku, prawo własności nieruchomości lub prawo użytkowania
wieczystego nabywają osoby, które byłyby powołane do spadku z ustawy.
•
3a.5) Jeżeli cudzoziemiec, który nabył nieruchomość na podstawie zapisu
windykacyjnego, nie uzyska zezwolenia ministra właściwego do spraw
wewnętrznych na podstawie wniosku złożonego w ciągu dwóch lat od dnia
otwarcia spad-ku, prawo własności nieruchomości lub prawo użytkowania
wieczystego wchodzi do spadku. Stosuje się wtedy przepisy ust. 2 i 3, z tym że
termin, o którym mowa w ust. 3, biegnie od chwili, gdy cudzoziemiec dowiedział
się o wejściu do spadku prawa własności nieruchomości lub prawa użytkowania
wieczystego.
In Poland, complex inheritance cases involving handwritten wills, vindicative legacies, and property disputes can result in legal conflicts and challenges for rightful heirs. Explore the intricacies of succession laws under Polish international private law and the implications of historical events on property ownership rights.
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Presentation Transcript
Last will cases Monika Drela
Jan had one son Tomas and two grand-daughters Alicia and Kate. He had 5 immovables. In 2012 Jan made last will in handwriting, where he wrote that he wanted Alicia to have immovable no. 1 after he dies. In 2013 he learned about vindicative legacy entered into polish C.C., so he went to notary and made last will in notarial act, where he decided that Kate would be given an immovable no. 2 as a vindicative legacy. In 2014 he made third last will in handwriting, where he wrote, he wanted Alicia to be given a vindicative legacy of immovable no. 3 1. Who inherits the estate after Jan died on 12.12.2014r. ? 2. Who is the owner of Jan s immovables ? 3. Are there any claims to be pursued by grandaughters ? Who is the debtor ?
A was born in Krakow in 1920. His parents owned a building on the Main Square. As the family was of Jewish origin A after the outbreak of World War II, his parents were sent to a concentration camp, where he died. A joined the Anders Army and after the war he settled in London. He also acquired English citizenship. However, he never gave up Polish citizenship. As a result of nationalization, the property belonging to the family before the war was acquired by the Polish state. After 1989, A commenced action to recover the property. During this process, in April 2009, A died leaving a will in which the entire estate was given to her neighbour - a citizen of the United States, and A disinherited his son. Heiress joined the proceedings in Poland, which ended in March 2010 recognized the nationalization decision null and void. The heiress brought to court in the land and mortgage register of Krakow to enter her as the owner of the property. The court, however, refused to make such entries.
What is the law governing the succession case under polish international private law? Is there a conflict of law possible ? What do you think is the reason of the court decision ? Who is the legal successor ?
USTAWA z dnia 24 marca 1920 r. o nabywaniu nieruchomo ci przez cudzoziemc w Art. 1 Acquisition of real estate by a foreigner requires a permission issued, by way of decision issued by the Minister of Internal Affairs, if the opposition is not presented by the Minister of National Defence, and in the case of agricultural property the minister responsible for dis-development of the village. Nabycie nieruchomo ci przez cudzoziemca wymaga zezwolenia. Zezwolenie jest wydawane, w drodze decyzji administracyjnej, przez ministra w a ciwego do spraw wewn trznych, je eli sprzeciwu nie wniesie Minister Obrony Narodowej, a w przypadku nieruchomo ci rolnych, je eli sprzeciwu r wnie nie wniesie minister w a ciwy do spraw rozwoju wsi. Exeptions art. 8.
Art. 8 It is not required to obtain a permission by foreigners being citizens or entrepreneurs in States - parties to the Agreement on the European Economic Area or the Swiss Confederation, with the exception of the acquisition: 1) agricultural land and forests, over a period of 12 years from the date of accession of the Republic of Polish Union-European Union; When an appartment or premisses are the object of transaction or succession
Art. 7 The provisions of the Act do not apply to the acquisition of property through inheritance or vindicative legacy by persons entitled to statutory succession. If the law does not provide a statutory succession, in this respect, the Polish law applies. 3. If a foreigner who has acquired property under a will, does not obtain authorization from the Minister of Internal Affairs on the basis of an application made within two years from the date of opening of the inheritance, ownership of property or right of perpetual usufruct goes to the statutory successors. 3a.5) If an alien who acquired property based on vindicative legacy not obtains permission from the Minister of Internal Affairs on the basis of an application made within two years from the date of opening the inheritance, ownership of property or right of perpetual usufruct goes back into the estate . The provisions of paragraph. 2 and 3, will be applied, except that the term referred to in paragraph. 3 runs from the time when the foreigner learned of the entrance to the decline of property rights or the right of perpetual usufruct.
Art. 7 Przepis w ustawy nie stosuje si do nabycia nieruchomo ci w drodze dziedziczenia lub zapisu windykacyjnego przez osoby uprawnione do dziedziczenia ustawowego. Je eli prawo ojczyste spadkodawcy nie przewiduje dziedziczenia ustawowego, w tym zakresie stosuje si prawo polskie. 3. Je eli cudzoziemiec, kt ry naby wchodz c w sk ad spadku nieruchomo na podstawie testamentu, nie uzyska zezwolenia ministra w a ciwego do spraw wewn trznych na podstawie wniosku z o onego w ci gu dw ch lat od dnia otwarcia spadku, prawo w asno ci nieruchomo ci lub prawo u ytkowania wieczystego nabywaj osoby, kt re by yby powo ane do spadku z ustawy. 3a.5) Je eli cudzoziemiec, kt ry naby nieruchomo na podstawie zapisu windykacyjnego, nie uzyska zezwolenia ministra w a ciwego do spraw wewn trznych na podstawie wniosku z o onego w ci gu dw ch lat od dnia otwarcia spad-ku, prawo w asno ci nieruchomo ci lub prawo u ytkowania wieczystego wchodzi do spadku. Stosuje si wtedy przepisy ust. 2 i 3, z tym e termin, o kt rym mowa w ust. 3, biegnie od chwili, gdy cudzoziemiec dowiedzia si o wej ciu do spadku prawa w asno ci nieruchomo ci lub prawa u ytkowania wieczystego.
