Indifference Curve, Budget Line, and Consumer Equilibrium

Indifference curves and budget lines are essential concepts in economics to analyze consumer behavior and preferences. Dr. Pooja Singh, an Assistant Professor at Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, explains how indifference curves represent different combinations of goods that offer the same level of satisfaction to consumers. Budget lines depict affordable commodity combinations based on income and prices. Through these graphical tools, economists can determine consumer equilibrium where preferences align with budget constraints. Explore the properties and implications of indifference curves and budget lines to gain insight into consumer decision-making.

• Economics
• Consumer Behavior
• Indifference Curve
• Budget Line
• Consumer Equilibrium

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1. Indifference Curve, Budget Line And Consumer Equilibrium Dr. Pooja Singh Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, School of Arts ,Humanities And Social Sciences, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur

2. Indifference Curve And Budget Line Indifference Curve Based on Ordinal Approach Explains behaviour of consumer in terms of his preferences. Indifference curve may be defined as locus of points, each representing a different combination of two substitute goods, which yield the same utility or level of satisfaction to the consumer. Dr. Pooja Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, School of Arts, Humanities And Social Science, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur

3. Indifference Curve And Budget Line Indifference curve is derived from indifference schedule. Combination Units of Y Units of X Total Utility A 25 3 U B 15 6 U C 8 9 U D 4 12 U E 2 15 U 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 15 20 Indifference Curve Indifference Map Dr. Pooja Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, School of Arts, Humanities And Social Science, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur

4. Indifference Curve And Budget Line Properties Of Indifference Curve Negatively sloping Neither intersect nor be tangent with one another Higher the indifference curve represent a higher level of satisfaction. Convex to origin Dr. Pooja Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, School of Arts, Humanities And Social Science, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur

5. Indifference Curve And Budget Line Budget Line A budget line shows all possible combination of two commodities that could be pursued with a given amount of income. straight line that slope downwards The budget line, also known as the budget constrain The equation of the budget line equation can be represented as follows: M = Px Qx + Py Qy Where, Px = cost of product X. Qx = the quantity of product X. Py = cost of product Y. Qy = quantity of product Y. M = consumer s income. Dr. Pooja Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, School of Arts, Humanities And Social Science, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur

6. Indifference Curve And Budget Line 12 Budget schedule Combination Cream biscuit (@ 10 per packet) Plain biscuit (@ 5 per packet) Budget allocation 10 A 0 10 10 0 + 5 10 = 50 8 Plain Biscuit B 1 8 10 1 + 5 8 = 50 6 C 2 6 10 2 + 5 6 = 50 4 D 3 4 10 3 + 5 4 = 50 E 4 2 10 4 + 5 2 = 50 2 F 5 0 10 5 + 5 0 = 50 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cream Biscuit Dr. Pooja Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, School of Arts, Humanities And Social Science, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur

7. Indifference Curve And Budget Line Change in budget line 1. Change in income Increase lead to parallel outward shift Decrease lead to parallel inward shift 2. Change in price- A decrease in price of goods X rotate the line counter clockwise. Increase in price of goods X rotate the line clockwise. Dr. Pooja Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, School of Arts, Humanities And Social Science, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur

8. Consumer Equilibrium Rational consumer choose the highest indifference curve given the budget constraint At the point of tangency, the slope of indifference curve and budget line are equal is the Consumer Equilibrium

9. References Dwivedi D N, Managerial Economics, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, 2006