Human Geography and Social Structures
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HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
RURAL OR URBAN?
Rural –
the countryside.
These people generally work
as farmers, livestock herders,
or village craftsmen.
Usually maintain traditional
ways.
Urban –
referring to cities.
Usually have advance
technology, have roads,
bridges, and large
buildings.
HOW PEOPLE
LIVE
?
People who share similar wealth, power, and prestige belong
to the same
social class
.
Social Mobility
- Refers to the ease of
moving
from one social
class to another.
You will fill out your social structure diagram based on the
following slides.
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Upper Class – earns or inherits wealth. Owns a large share
of property in society. Lives a luxurious life.
Middle Class– intermediate group of educated and mostly
successful people. Managers, professionals, shopkeepers,
and business owners.
Working Class – Composed manual workers who work
in factories, mining, or transportation, or work as
independent crafstmen.
Peasants – Farm workers or owners of small farms
mainly engaged in subsistence farming (growing
enough food for their family). Have little education
and limited experience of the world outside their
own villages.
Lower Class – often uneducated and
unskilled. Take least desirable and worst
paying job.
Upper Class – earns or inherits
wealth. Owns a large share of
property in society. Lives a
luxurious life.
UPPER CLASS
Middle Class– intermediate
group of educated and mostly
successful people. Managers,
professionals, shopkeepers,
and business owners.
MIDDLE CLASS
Working Class – Composed
manual workers who work in
factories, mining, or
transportation, or work as
independent crafstmen.
WORKING CLASS
Peasants – Farm workers or
owners of small farms mainly
engaged in subsistence farming
(growing enough food for their
family). Have little education and
limited experience of the world
outside their own villages.
PEASANTS
Lower Class – often
uneducated and
unskilled. Take least
desirable and worst
paying job.
LOWER CLASS
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Upper Class – earns or inherits wealth. Owns a large share
of property in society. Lives a luxurious life.
Middle Class– intermediate group of educated and mostly
successful people. Managers, professionals, shopkeepers,
and business owners.
Working Class – Composed manual workers who work
in factories, mining, or transportation, or work as
independent crafstmen.
Peasants – Farm workers or owners of small farms
mainly engaged in subsistence farming (growing
enough food for their family). Have little education
and limited experience of the world outside their
own villages.
Lower Class – often uneducated and
unskilled. Take least desirable and worst
paying job.
The way a family is structured
varies
throughout the world.
In some families the parents live with just
their children and until they finish high school
and then the children live on their own.
In other cultures children, parents, and
grandparents remain in extended families
under one roof.
FAMILY STRUCTURE
Roles specifically assigned to
men and women
. In most
societies past gender roles were very restrictive. These
societies gave greater opportunities to men than women.
Men typically worked and appeared in public while women were
expected to care for the family and perform household chores.
In the early 20
th
century this situation began to change.
Women in America and several European nations gained the
right to
vote.
In most
modern
day societies men and women enjoy
equal
rights.
They earn the
same
pay for the same work.
However, women still remain under-represented in top jobs in
government and business.
GENDER ROLES
In other cultures many women
still lack
the same
opportunities as men.
Women may be required to stay at home or wear special
clothing.
For example, in some Islamic countries women must cover their face
and body whenever they are out in public. They are not allowed to
mix freely in public places (they have to be accompanied by a male
when out in public), they are not allowed to drive a car, and they may
even have to have permission from their husband before they leave
their home.
TALK WITH YOUR GROUP AND WRITE DOWN YOUR THOUGHTS
ABOUT THIS!
Women in these societies are striving for a greater role in
government, business, and the professions.
Women throughout the world are making steady progress in
achieving full equality with men.
TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLES
Ethnic Group
– a group of people with a common ancestry and
a common culture, most often based on religion and
language.
Two basic types of societies
Homogeneous society
– almost everyone belongs to the same ethnic
group and shares the same language and traditions. Saudi Arabia
and Japan are examples of homogeneous societies.
Multicultural or heterogeneous
– contains a mix of people and
cultures. The United States and Brazil are examples are multicultural
and heterogeneous societies.
Minorities
– any ethnic or religious group other than the dominant group.
MULTICULTURAL SOCIETIES
Special Problems faced by some minorities
MINORITIES
Ethnic Prejudice
Dominant group may
treat minority group
members as inferior.
Minority group
members may be
denied political power.
Often the dominant
group uses force to
keep minority groups
under control.
Discrimination and
Exclusion
In many societies,
ethnic and religious
minorities are denied
civil and political rights.
Expulsion and
Genocide
Sometimes actions
against minority groups
may be extreme. An
example of this extreme
behavior would be the
Nazi group trying to
eliminate the Jews of
Europe. They
murdered more than 6
million people.
The
adoption
of one group’s culture traits by another group.
For example, baseball is a popular sport in Japan. The
Japanese
borrowed
this game from the United States.
CULTURAL BORROWING
Definition-How a culture
spreads
its knowledge and skills
from one area to another.
Merchants and traders used to be the major cause of cultural
diffusion by spreading their culture when they bought and sold
goods.
Today, cultural diffusion occurs through
radios, TV, phones,
computers, and the Internet.
CULTURAL DIFFUSION
Explore the distinctions between rural and urban living, social classes including Upper Class, Middle Class, Working Class, Peasants, and Lower Class. Learn about social mobility and how people in different classes lead their lives.
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Presentation Transcript
HOW PEOPLE LIVE? RURAL OR URBAN? Rural the countryside. These people generally work as farmers, livestock herders, or village craftsmen. Usually maintain traditional ways. Urban referring to cities. Usually have advance technology, have roads, bridges, and large buildings.
SOCIAL STRUCTURE People who share similar wealth, power, and prestige belong to the same social class. Social Mobility - Refers to the ease of moving from one social class to another. You will fill out your social structure diagram based on the following slides.
SOCIAL STRUCTURE Upper Class earns or inherits wealth. Owns a large share of property in society. Lives a luxurious life. Middle Class intermediate group of educated and mostly successful people. Managers, professionals, shopkeepers, and business owners. Working Class Composed manual workers who work in factories, mining, or transportation, or work as independent crafstmen. Peasants Farm workers or owners of small farms mainly engaged in subsistence farming (growing enough food for their family). Have little education and limited experience of the world outside their own villages. Lower Class often uneducated and unskilled. Take least desirable and worst paying job.
UPPER CLASS Upper Class earns or inherits wealth. Owns a large share of property in society. Lives a luxurious life.
MIDDLE CLASS Middle Class intermediate group of educated and mostly successful people. Managers, professionals, shopkeepers, and business owners.
WORKING CLASS Working Class Composed manual workers who work in factories, mining, or transportation, or work as independent crafstmen.
PEASANTS Peasants Farm workers or owners of small farms mainly engaged in subsistence farming (growing enough food for their family). Have little education and limited experience of the world outside their own villages.
LOWER CLASS Lower Class often uneducated and unskilled. Take least desirable and worst paying job.
SOCIAL STRUCTURE Upper Class earns or inherits wealth. Owns a large share of property in society. Lives a luxurious life. Middle Class intermediate group of educated and mostly successful people. Managers, professionals, shopkeepers, and business owners. Working Class Composed manual workers who work in factories, mining, or transportation, or work as independent crafstmen. Peasants Farm workers or owners of small farms mainly engaged in subsistence farming (growing enough food for their family). Have little education and limited experience of the world outside their own villages. Lower Class often uneducated and unskilled. Take least desirable and worst paying job.
FAMILY STRUCTURE The way a family is structured varies throughout the world. In some families the parents live with just their children and until they finish high school and then the children live on their own. In other cultures children, parents, and grandparents remain in extended families under one roof.
GENDER ROLES Roles specifically assigned to men and women. In most societies past gender roles were very restrictive. These societies gave greater opportunities to men than women. Men typically worked and appeared in public while women were expected to care for the family and perform household chores. In the early 20th century this situation began to change. Women in America and several European nations gained the right to vote. In most modern day societies men and women enjoy equal rights. They earn the same pay for the same work. However, women still remain under-represented in top jobs in government and business.
TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLES In other cultures many women still lack the same opportunities as men. Women may be required to stay at home or wear special clothing. For example, in some Islamic countries women must cover their face and body whenever they are out in public. They are not allowed to mix freely in public places (they have to be accompanied by a male when out in public), they are not allowed to drive a car, and they may even have to have permission from their husband before they leave their home. TALK WITH YOUR GROUP AND WRITE DOWN YOUR THOUGHTS ABOUT THIS! Women in these societies are striving for a greater role in government, business, and the professions. Women throughout the world are making steady progress in achieving full equality with men.
MULTICULTURAL SOCIETIES Ethnic Group a group of people with a common ancestry and a common culture, most often based on religion and language. Two basic types of societies Homogeneous society almost everyone belongs to the same ethnic group and shares the same language and traditions. Saudi Arabia and Japan are examples of homogeneous societies. Multicultural or heterogeneous contains a mix of people and cultures. The United States and Brazil are examples are multicultural and heterogeneous societies. Minorities any ethnic or religious group other than the dominant group.
MINORITIES Special Problems faced by some minorities Ethnic Prejudice Dominant group may treat minority group members as inferior. Minority group members may be denied political power. Often the dominant group uses force to keep minority groups under control. Discrimination and Exclusion In many societies, ethnic and religious minorities are denied civil and political rights. Expulsion and Genocide Sometimes actions against minority groups may be extreme. An example of this extreme behavior would be the Nazi group trying to eliminate the Jews of Europe. They murdered more than 6 million people.
CULTURAL BORROWING The adoption of one group s culture traits by another group. For example, baseball is a popular sport in Japan. The Japanese borrowed this game from the United States.
CULTURAL DIFFUSION Definition-How a culture spreads its knowledge and skills from one area to another. Merchants and traders used to be the major cause of cultural diffusion by spreading their culture when they bought and sold goods. Today, cultural diffusion occurs through radios, TV, phones, computers, and the Internet.
