Guidelines for Integrating Gender-Based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Food Security and Agriculture Action

These guidelines focus on integrating gender-based violence interventions into humanitarian action related to food security and agriculture. The document addresses key elements, provides guidance on implementation strategies, and emphasizes the importance of accountability in tracking progress of gender-based violence risk reduction and response in the food security and agriculture sector.

• Gender-based Violence
• Humanitarian Action
• Food Security
• Agriculture
• Guidelines

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1. MODULE 5 - Thematic Areas: Integrating Gender-Based Violence Interventions in FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

2. Agenda Links between GBV and Humanitarian Programming Knowledge Basics for Implementing the Thematic Area Guidance A Closer Look: Assessment; Resource Mobilization; Implementation; Referrals; Coordination; Monitoring and Evaluation Discussion of Implementation Strategy Developing an Action Plan

3. Outcomes FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE actors are informed about key relevant elements of the Guidelines FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE actors are supported to develop an action plan with indicators for integrating the Guidelines recommendations into their areas of operation FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE actors identify accountability measures to track progress of GBV risk reduction mainstreaming and response FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE (FSA)

4. Protection of all persons affected and at risk must inform humanitarian decision- making and response it must be central to our preparedness efforts, as part of immediate and life-saving activities . Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

5. Warm-up Activity: Mapping Risk across FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE 1) What types of GBV are prevalent in your settings? 2) What are the risks in this setting that contribute to GBV Pre-existing - exists independent of, or prior to emergency or conflict (culture, policy, etc.) Emergency-related - specific to/resulting from the disaster or conflict Humanitarian-related - caused directly or indirectly by humanitarian environment 3) What can your cluster/sector do to prevent and mitigate GBV risks? Pre-existing risk mitigation activity Emergency-related risk mitigation activity Humanitarian-related risk mitigation activity Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

6. Assessment, Analysis and Planning What are our priority areas of inquiry for FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE?

7. A walk through FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE TAG: Assessment, Analysis & Planning Key point: Purpose is not for FSA actors to undertake standalone GBV assessments, but rather to incorporate questions related to GBV risks into their ongoing FSA assessments Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

8. A walk through FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE TAG: Assessment (cont d) Provides a list of recommended GBV-related questions to incorporate, as relevant, into FSA assessments and routine monitoring These questions do not cover the nature and scope of GBV, but basic issues related to FSA programming, policies and communications FSA specialists are NOT expected to undertake assessments about the extent of GBV Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

9. What does this mean for FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE? From page 41: f) Are there cultural norms that restrict women, girls and other at-risk groups from accessing agricultural lands, water points, seed and tool dispersal programmes, or food/cash/voucher distribution programmes? i) Are women and other at-risk groups involved in decisions about food/asset baskets and planned agriculture or livestock activities (e.g. seed or livestock distribution)? Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

10. Activity: Conducting Assessments Option 1: Review and Discuss Review the Areas of Inquiry in the GBV guidelines: 1) Which questions would you prioritize? 1) How will you collect this information? I. What surveys / assessment are already being used where you can integrate questions When and where will the survey occur to ensure participation of at-risk groups II. 3) Who would you need to work with to collect this information? I. II. III. How will they communicate about the assessment with the community? What is the composition of the assessment team, men / women? What training will they require? Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

11. Activity: Conducting Assessments Option 2: Review and Compare Review the Areas of Inquiry in the GBV guidelines against your current assessment tool. 1) Which GBV risks and considerations are already integrated in the assessment tool currently or previously used? 2) Which GBV risks or considerations would you prioritize for inclusion? 3) How will it be possible to integrate new questions which consider GBV risks? I. With whom will you need to advocate to include these areas of inquiry? - Cluster coordinators, state actors, GBV specialists II. With whom will you need to collaborate in order to safely and effectively integrate these areas of inquiry? - Cluster coordinators, state actors, GBV specialists Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

12. Activity: Conducting Assessments Option 3: Mapping information on GBV risks to mitigation Prioritize 3 areas of inquiry that apply to your context and carry out the below: Area of Inquiry Risk of Concern Potential for GBV Mitigation 1. Access to land Women and girls are unable to earn livelihoods and generate basic food needs Sexual exploitation and abuse in order to obtain basic needs Work with local laws and actors to ensure land access for women and food security 2. Distributions Access for at-risk groups is prevented, or exploitation ensues Sexual assault, harassment, deprivation due to insecurity, exploitation Plan distributions with at-risk groups, (timing, physical layout, choice of items (cash versus voucher) to reduce risk Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

13. Quiz: Conducting Assessments FSA actors should: Consult GBV specialists throughout the planning, design, analysis and interpretation of an assessment Not use local expertise Strictly adhere to safe and ethical recommendations for researching GBV Share data that may be linked back to a group or an individual, including GBV survivors Seek out GBV survivors to speak to them specifically about their experiences of GBV Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

14. Quiz: Conducting Assessments Assume reported data on GBV/trends represent actual prevalence/trends in the extent of GBV Include GBV specialists on inter-agency and inter-sectoral teams Not include female assessors and translators when conducting assessments Conduct consultations in a secure setting where individuals feel safe to provide information and participate in discussions and decision-making Provide training for assessment team members on ethical and safety issues Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

15. Discussion: Is it always possible to include GBV in initial assessments? How can one ensure inclusion of at-risk groups in assessments? Who needs to be involved? Why is it the responsibility of FSA staff? Where does this responsibility ends? Who needs to be convinced? ALWAYS INVOLVED WOMEN AND OTHER AT- RISK GROUPS IN THE DESIGN AND ASSESSMENT OF FSA PROGRAMS Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

16. Resource Mobilization What are FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE commitments to Resource Mobilization for GBV risk reduction?

17. A walk through the FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE TAG: Resource Mobilization Key point: Funding for FSA-related GBV prevention and risk mitigation activities must be included in project proposals from the outset of emergency response Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

18. A walk through the FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE TAG: Resource Mobilization In humanitarian settings, GBV resources tend to be linked to longer-term protection and stability initiatives Resources to address GBV in emergencies are often limited The Guidelines provide recommendations on incorporating GBV risk mitigation activities into project proposals Donors are encouraged to reference this section to ensure GBV issues are included in FSA proposals Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

19. A walk through the FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE TAG: Resource Mobilization GBV risk based on gender analysis and safety audit Proposed intervention Risk vs. benefits Adapted intervention Impact? Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

20. What does this mean for FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE ? GBV-related points to consider for inclusion in a proposal (Pg. 44): 1). Humanitarian Needs Overview/Situation Analysis: Describe the vulnerabilities of women, girls and other at-risk groups; 2). Project Rationale/Justification: Explain GBV-related risks related to FSA interventions in your context; 3). Project Description: Explain which activities may help in preventing or mitigating GBV Describe mechanisms that facilitate reporting of GBV in safe and ethical manner Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

21. What does this mean for FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE? How to measure GBV-related points to consider for inclusion in a proposal, cont d: Monitoring and Evaluation: M&E plan should track progress and adverse effects on GBV mainstreaming activities; M&E plan should include the participation of women, girls and other at- risk groups; Include outcome-level indicators to measure program impact on GBV- related risks; Disaggregate indicators by sex, age, disability and other vulnerability factors Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

22. THE IASC GENDER MARKER Both Gender marker and GBV mainstreaming address issues of women and girls empowerment and gender equality and include men and boys as partners in prevention. = Tool that codes (0-2 scale) whether or not a humanitarian project is designed well enough to ensure that women/girls, men/boys will benefit equally from it or that it will advance gender equality in another way Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

23. What does this mean for FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE? Some examples of GBV mainstreaming activities that can be included in proposals: Ensuring land access for women and girls Designing safe distributions with equitable access for at risk groups (disabled persons, women and girls) Resettlement options for GBV survivors Designing culturally relevant livestock programs that consider ownership, control, care and management Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

24. What does this mean for FOOD SECURITY AND LIVELIHOODS? Do you have other examples of mitigation strategies? Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

25. Activity: Resource Mobilization In Small Groups: Review the assigned proposal in light with the resource mobilization checklist of the Guidelines and highlight: Good practices Gaps Proposed strategies to address these gaps. Tools needed to better design proposals Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

26. Discussion: Is GBV-related activities in FSA programs always cost-effective? Why should it be considered? Do donors always support GBV-related activities in FSA programs? What can be some of these barriers? GBV MAINSTREAMING ACTIVITIES ALWAYS CONTRIBUTE TO GOOD FSA PROGRAMMING Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

27. Implementation What are our commitments to include GBV prevention and mitigation within ongoing and new FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE activities?

28. A walk through the FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE TAG: Implementation Key takeaway: If effectively designed, FSA programmes can mitigate risks of GBV: Availability, access and utilization of food for vulnerable groups Participation of women and girls in FSA related committees and decision making processes Safe commodity and cash-based interventions Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

29. A walk through the FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE TAG: Implementation Provides guidance for putting GBV-related risk reduction responsibilities into practice Activities to improve the overall quality of GBV-related prevention and mitigation strategies: Establish GBV-related responsibilities common to all actors working within FSA Recommend strategies for FSA actors to reduce risks Maximize immediate protection of GBV survivors and persons at risk and foster longer-term interventions to eliminate GBV 3 main types of responsibilities: programming, policies, and communications & information sharing Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

30. What does this mean for FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE? From page 45: Identify appropriate livestock responses that do not increase the labour burden or reduce access to key assets for women and other at-risk groups. Ensure that the chosen transfer modality is substantial enough to meet food requirements so that women, girls and other at-risk groups are deterred from having to exchange sex for food and/or agricultural inputs. Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

31. Activity- Implementation Option 1: Review Mitigation Strategies In small groups: 1. Review recommended mitigation strategies 2. Add any strategies missing 3. Prioritize 2-3 key strategies that should be prioritized 4. Highlight operational challenges Rotate teams: troubleshoot challenges, provide recommendations 5. Create operational action plan: i. Key actions ii. Coordination amongst key actors iii. Resources / support required Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

32. Activity- Implementation Option 2: Mitigating GBV risk in Program Strategy Review current programmatic strategy In small groups: 1. 2. 3. 4. Highlight GBV mitigation strategies currently integrated Review Guideline recommended mitigation strategies Prioritize 2-3 key strategies that should be prioritized Create operational action plan: i. ii. iii. iv. Information needed Key actions Coordination amongst key actors Resources / support required Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

33. Discussion: Prioritization and Selection Criteria How to prioritize GBV risk reduction in FSA programs? What types of investments are required? What vulnerability criteria would you use for beneficiaries? What challenges are associated with these? How should sensitive information be managed to protect affected populations, including survivors of GBV? DON T SINGLE OUT GBV SURVIVORS OR VULNERABLE GROUPS 33

34. Coordination What are our commitments to include GBV prevention and mitigation within ongoing and new FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE activities?

35. A walk through the FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE TAG: Coordination Key takeaways: GBV prevention and risk reduction is most effective when done in coordination with both GBV specialists and other sectors Recommends specific actions for FSA actors to coordinate with others Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

36. A walk through the FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE TAG: Coordination Supports humanitarian actors to define responsibilities and accountability mechanisms in GBV prevention and response efforts Establish responsibilities for humanitarian actors in the prevention and mitigation of GBV Maximize immediate protection of GBV survivors and persons at risk through multi-sectoral coordination on response to GBV incidents Coordination activities can move across the 3 main types of responsibilities: programming, policies, and communications & information sharing and may also include advocacy / efforts for: Assessment Resource Mobilization Monitoring and Evaluation Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

37. A walk through the FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE TAG: Coordination GBV Specialists can assist FSA actors to (Pg. 51): 1. Design and conduct FSA assessments that examine the risks of GBV, and strategize ways to mitigate these risks Provide trainings for FSA staff on issues of gender, GBV and women s/human rights Develop standard operating procedures (SOPs) for FSA actors 2. 3. Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

38. What does this mean for FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE? Coordinationwith GBV Specialists cont d GBV Specialists can assist FSA actors to: 4. Identify where survivors can receive care, and provide FSA staff with skills and information to respond supportively to survivors Provide training for the affected community on issues of gender, GBV and women s/human rights as they relate to FSA rights Review relevant statutory and customary laws and policies to strengthen GBV-related legal protections 5. 6. Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

39. What does this mean for FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE: Coordination with other sectors (p. 52) FSA actors can work with (e.g.: SHELTER/WASH actors): Where stoves and cooking fuel are the responsibility of SS&R actors, consult them on the provision of energy- efficient cooking stoves and safe fuel options Work with WASH actors to facilitate access to and use of water for cooking needs, agricultural lands and livestock Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

40. What does this mean for FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE: Coordination for cross-cutting issues Also coordinate with partners addressing: gender mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) HIV age environment Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

41. Activity: Coordination Option 1: Mechanisms to Support Program Implementation Return to small groups from the implementation activity: 1. Reflect on the specific actions recommended 2. Who needs to be involved to execute this action GBV specialists Other clusters 3. What type of coordination is required be specific - - Roles and responsibilities Accountability mechanisms Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

42. Activity: Coordination Mapping With what sectors would FSA benefit from stronger coordination? i. ii. iii. iv. What coordination mechanisms exist to support collaboration Key actions Who is responsible, accountable, needs to be informed How will you monitor progress How could FSA and protection actors better coordinate/work together? i. What coordination mechanisms exist to support collaboration ii. Key actions iii. Who is responsible, accountable, needs to be informed iv. How will you monitor progress Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

43. Suggested recommendations about referrals in the Guidelines All humanitarian personnel who engage with affected populations should have up to date written information about where to refer survivors for care and support. Ensure training on how to respectfully and supportively engage with survivors and provide risk reporting and/or referral information in an ethical, safe and confidential manner Any programmes that share information about reports of GBV must abide by safety and ethical standards (e.g. shared information does not reveal the identity of or pose a security risk to individual survivors, their families or the broader community) Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

44. Activity: Coordination Option 3: Coordination and Referrals w/ GBV specialists In small groups discuss: Map the current referral mechanism where your activities are ongoing - What services are available - Which actors are involved What are your responsibilities within the referral mechanism? - Who do you immediately report an incident to? - Are there cases where you are unable to refer? What happens when there is no referral mechanism in place or when it is not functioning? - What are your responsibilities in this situation? Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

45. Monitoring and Evaluation What are priority indicators for GBV prevention and risk mitigation in FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE programming?

46. A walk through the FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE TAG: Monitoring & Evaluation Key Point: Indicators can be used to measure the outcomes of activities undertaken across the programme cycle, with the ultimate aim of maintaining effective programmes and improving accountability Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

47. A walk through the FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE TAG: Monitoring & Evaluation Why? Limited evidence exists on effective integration of GBV programming in other sectors Indicators in the Guidelines aim to: Track outputs resulting from interventions to affected populations Chart outcome of cluster activities Measure progress toward objectives, considering diversity of affected populations & their perspectives of the response Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

48. Monitoring & Evaluation: Indicators Why? Limited evidence exists on effective integration of GBV programming in other sectors Indicators in the Guidelines aim to: Track outputs resulting from interventions to affected populations Chart outcome of cluster activities Measure progress toward objectives, considering diversity of affected populations & their perspectives of the response Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

49. Monitoring & Evaluation: Reporting Analyze existing data using a GBV lens to improve GBV prevention and response Example: Existence of cultural norms that prevent women from owning land What are the implications of the findings? How may this affect GBV prevention and mitigation? Failing to meet a target can lead to response and resource mobilization Use data for action across the programme cycle Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

50. What does this mean for FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE (Pg. 53)? # of assessments by FSA sector that include GBV-related questions # of FSA staff who participated in a training on gender, GBV and human rights # of affected persons who report concerns about experiencing GBV when asked about participating in a commodity- or cash- based intervention # of females who report retaining control over agricultural inputs and/or livestock Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action

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